“jim crow” segregation in the south 1875 -1954
TRANSCRIPT
Southern Segregation• Segregation means
to separate.• After the end of
slavery African Americans were segregated from whites in the US South
Southern States• The states with
segregation were in the south, where slavery once existed.• They included 16
states including Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia
Jim Crow Laws• In the southern
states passed a series of laws separating blacks and whites.• These were called
“Jim Crow” laws• In the South
“Colored” meant African American
Schools Segregated• In southern states
black children could not attend school with white children.• African American
schools were not as good as white schools
Buses and Streetcars• In the South, African
Americans could only choose seats on the back of the bus• Whites rode in front,
and black passengers had to give up their seats to whites if asked
“White Only”• “White Only” signs
meant that restaurants would not serve African Americans• Swimming pools
were for whites only• Black children could
not go to many libraries or parks
“Colored” signs• African Americans
had to go to lunch counters, bathrooms, drinking fountains, and bus facilities marked “ colored”• “Colored” was a term
used to mean African American
Plessey v. Ferguson - 1896• Homer Plessey
challenged the Louisiana law that made Blacks sit separately on rail cars• But the Supreme
Court ruled in favor of segregation, saying that facilities could be “separate but equal”
20th Century Discrimination• African Americans
faced discrimination from 1875 until 1954.• Blacks could not play
baseball with whites in the major leagues.• Black soldiers had
segregated units.• Jim Crow laws
remained until the 1950’s and 1960’s.
The End of Jim Crow• Segregation in schools
was first made illegal by the 1954 court decision Brown v Board of Education• Jim Crow laws were
ended with the success of the Civil Rights Movement and the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
20th Century Discrimination
These images of schools for black students show that facilities were separate but never equal.
Black Progress
• After the Civil War, during Reconstruction, African Americans made progress.
• Several black representatives were elected in the south
• Some former slaves received land or learned a trade
• Many African Americans attended schools for the first time
White ReactionWhite southerners sought to
regain their control over the freed slaves.
• Ku Klux Klan – secret white organization terrorized free blacks.
• Southern States passed“Black Codes” to racially segregate blacks from whites.
• “Jim Crow” laws, forced blacks to use separate facilities in schools, buses, and lunch counters.
First Freedoms
• After the Civil War in 1865 three Constitutional amendments were passed to grant newly freed African Americans legal status:
• The 13th Amendment abolished slavery
• The 14th amendment provided citizenship to former slaves
• The 15th amendment guaranteed formers slaves the the right to vote.