Jianzhong Ma1, Junli Jin1,2, Reza Shaiganfar3, Steffen Beirle, and Thomas Wagner3

1 Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China;

2 CMA Meteorological Observation Centre, Beijing, China;

3 Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany

(mjz@cams.cma.gov.cn)

EGU General Assembly 201427 April – 2 May 2014, Vienna

Measurements of air pollutants over Beijing

by MAX-DOAS

Outline

1. Motivation

2. MAX-DOAS observations in and around Beijing

3. Comparisons with satellite data

4. Summary and future work

Outline

1. Motivation

2. MAX-DOAS observations in and around Beijing

3. Comparisons with satellite data

4. Summary and future work

Measurements of air pollutants over Beijing by MAX-DOASEGU General Assembly, 27 April - 2 May 2014, Vienna

Outline

1. Motivation

2. MAX-DOAS observations in and around Beijing

3. Comparisons with satellite data

4. Summary and future work

Outline

1. Motivation

2. MAX-DOAS observations in and around Beijing

3. Comparisons with satellite data

4. Summary and future work

Measurements of air pollutants over Beijing by MAX-DOASEGU General Assembly, 27 April - 2 May 2014, Vienna

Richter et al., Nature, 2005

Pollution hot spots

Central East China

(North China or Huabei, 华北 )

Pollution hot spots

Central East China

(North China or Huabei, 华北 )

Can satellite see air pollution

in China precisely?

Can satellite see air pollution

in China precisely?

Jiang et al., JAMS, 2006

Ma et al., Atmos. Environ., 2006

Satellite data should be validated quantitatively! Satellite data should be validated quantitatively!

2008 2005-2007

GOME2: 59% GOME2: 59% OMI: 43%OMI: 43%

OMI: 40%OMI: 40%

GOME2: 59% GOME2: 59%

OMI: 40%OMI: 40%

Outline

1. Motivation

2. MAX-DOAS observations in and around Beijing

3. Comparisons with satellite data

4. Summary and future work

Outline

1. Motivation

2. MAX-DOAS observations in and around Beijing

3. Comparisons with satellite data

4. Summary and future work

Measurements of air pollutants over Beijing using MAX-DOASEGU General Assembly, 27 April - 2 May 2014, Vienna

Gucheng station (rural)

Sept. 2008 – Sept. 2010

Gucheng station (rural)

Sept. 2008 – Sept. 2010

CMA MAX-DOAS observation sites in and around Beijing

Shangdianzi station (rural)

Aug. 2008 – Mar. 2011

Shangdianzi station (rural)

Aug. 2008 – Mar. 2011

Beijing station (urban)Aug. 2008 - now

Beijing station (urban)Aug. 2008 - now

Beijing (BJ), Tangshan (TS), Tianjin (TJ), and Shijiazhuang (DJZ) cities

Model result from Ma et al., ACP, 2012

MAX-DOAS in urban Beijing

Geometry approximation

sin(α)1

DSCDsin(α)VCD tropα,

trop

Ma et al., ACP, 2013

12 Aug 2008, 12:32-12:35

Mini MAX-DOAS: 2048 pixels, 292-436 nm

MAX-DOAS observation in urban Beijing

10th (90th) and 25th (75th) percentiles, minimum (maximum) values, andmedians and mean values.

Ma et al., ACP, 2013

Diurnal variations for different seasons from Aug. 2008 to Sept. 2011.

SCIA 10:45 OMI 13:30

Ma et al., ACP, 2013

MAX-DOAS observation in urban Beijing

A more pronounced

seasonal variation

would be detected by

satellite overpassing

in the afternoon than

in the morning.

A more pronounced

seasonal variation

would be detected by

satellite overpassing

in the afternoon than

in the morning.

MAX-DOAS observation in urban Beijing

Monthly mean diurnal variations in August of different years

Ma et al., ACP, 2013

Time %

8:00 47

11:00 50

14:00 42

17:00 37

Reduction in 2008

relative to 2009

Post–Olympic effect

more reduction in the

in the late morning.

more reduction in the

in the late morning.

Hendrick et al., ACP, 2014

a good representativeness of the

urban atmosphere over Beijing

a good representativeness of the

urban atmosphere over Beijing

Outline

1. Motivation

2. MAX-DOAS observations in and around Beijing

3. Comparisons with satellite data

4. Summary and future work

Outline

1. Motivation

2. MAX-DOAS observations in and around Beijing

3. Comparisons with satellite data

4. Summary and future work

Measurements of air pollutants over Beijing using MAX-DOASEGU General Assembly, 27 April - 2 May 2014, Vienna

Satellite underestimates by 43% for SCIAMACHY and by 26-38% for OMI

SCIAMACHY DOMINO-v1.02(2008-2010) (2008-2009)

DOMINO-v2.0 DOMINO-v1.02(2008-2009) (2008-2011)

Ma et al., ACP, 2013

Satellite validation: Tropospheric NO2 over Beijing

Satellite validation: Gird smoothing effect“true distribution” OMI 26×13 km2 SCIA 60×30 km2

Nighttime light0.1×0.1

OMI winter

OMI summer

Smoothing factor = “true” /smoothed = 12Ma et al., ACP, 2013

aerosols0-1 km

NO2

0-200m

Satellite validation: Aerosol shielding effect

Shielding factor = “true” /calculated = 23Ma et al., ACP, 2013

Gucheng station (rural)

Sept. 2008 – Sept. 2010

Gucheng station (rural)

Sept. 2008 – Sept. 2010

CMA MAX-DOAS observation around Beijing

Beijing (BJ), Tangshan (TS), Tianjin (TJ), and Shijiazhuang (DJZ) cities

MAX-DOAS/OMI = 1.21.8

Jin et al., EGU General Assembly, Vienna, 2014

Poster in Session AS3.12/GI2.10: EGU2014-4636

grid smoothing effect can be

neglected at Gucheng.

grid smoothing effect can be

neglected at Gucheng.

Outline

1. Motivation

2. MAX-DOAS observations in and around Beijing

3. Comparisons with satellite data

4. Summary and future work

Outline

1. Motivation

2. MAX-DOAS observations in and around Beijing

3. Comparisons with satellite data

4. Summary and future work

Measurements of air pollutants over Beijing using MAX-DOASEGU General Assembly, 27 April - 2 May 2014, Vienna

Measurements of air pollutants over Beijing using MAX-DOASEGU General Assembly, 27 April - 2 May 2014, Vienna

Summary

We have retrieved the vertical column densities of tropospheric

NO2 over Beijing and its surrounding area from MAX-DOAS

measurements;

The seasonal and diurnal variations of tropospheric NO2 have been

characterized, which provides valuable information for the

assessment of satellite data;

Satellite observations underestimate tropospheric NO2 in both

urban and rural areas in and around Beijing compared to MAX-DOAS

measurements.

Measurements of air pollutants over Beijing using MAX-DOASEGU General Assembly, 27 April - 2 May 2014, Vienna

Future work

To retrieve the vertical column densities of other gases, e.g., SO2

and HCHO, in the troposphere;

To do vertical distribution inversion of tropospheric aerosols and

gases;

To continue satellite validation work.

Aerosol and Trace gases VCD and vertical distribution retrieval based on radiative transfer simulations

3 parameters for vertical distribution：

VCD, AOD

Profile type: S

Layer height: L

Wagner et al., AMT, 2011

Vertical Profiles for Gucheng: 2008.10.10 (clear day)S=1.5,linear-increase

S=1.5, elevated-layer

S=1.2,linear-increase S=1.2, elevated layer

S=1.0,box S=0.8

S=0.5 All free

Comparison with sunphotometer AODat Gucheng for clear days

In DOY 332 and 333,

inversion result of S=1.5 are

always the closest to

sunphotometer result.

But the sub-shape

parameter (elevated layer

or linear-increase) are

mixed.

2008-11-27 2008-11-27 2008-11-29

115.5 116 116.5 117 117.539

39.239.4

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trace of 0917

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lat

Hei

ght

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Gucheng station (rural)

Sept. 2008 – Sept. 2010

Gucheng station (rural)

Sept. 2008 – Sept. 2010

CMA MAX-DOAS observation around Beijing

Beijing (BJ), Tangshan (TS), Tianjin (TJ), and Shijiazhuang (DJZ) cities

Aircraft field campaign during 17 Sept. – 13 Oct. 2008

SO2 NOx

0.46- 30 m 5.6-560 nm

谢谢！谢谢！ Thank you Thank you

for your attentionfor your attention ！！

ESA satellite ENVISAT, March 2002.

8 channels, 240–2380 nm with a spectral resolution of 0.22–1.48 nm.

Tropospheric NO2 columns: 430–450 nm (channel 3).

A local equator crossing time of about 10:00 a.m.

Global cover of nadir measurements is achieved after 6 days.

The footprint 30×60 km2.

NASA’s EOS Aura satellite, July 2004

3 channels, 270 nm to 500 nm with a spectral resolution of about 0.5 nm.

Tropospheric NO2 are columns: 405–465 nm spectral window

A local equator crossing time between 13:40 and 13:50 local time.

Achieve complete global coverage in one day.

Its spatial resolution is 24×13 km2 in nadir, 68×14 km2 at the swath edges.

SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY)

Ozone Monitoring Instrument(OMI)DOMINO v1.02DOMINO v2.0

卫星资料

MAX-DOAS/SCIAMACHY=1.22.9; MAX-DOAS/OMI=1.11.5

33

Item Elements Sample Begin with

Green House Gas

FLASK （ CO2 、 CH4） weekly2004.82006.7

Aerosol

Black carbon Auto 2004.2

Scattering property Auto 2003.11

PM2.5 Auto 2003.12

CCN Auto 2004.4

sunphotometer Auto 2004.3

PM10 sample 2005.10

TSP sample 2005.10

Trace gases

Ozone,SO2,NOx,CO Auto 2004.1

Radiation

Direct, Total,Long,UV-B Auto 2003.9

Longterm observations in Shangdianzi

PrecipatationMeteorological parameters……

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Wind Rose

Longterm observations in Gucheng:

• Gaseous pollutant: O3, SO2, NOx, CO

• Aerosol particles：• balck carbon ， PM10/PM2.5/PM1.0, AOD

• Meteorological parameters ： Wind, T, P, RH, UV, ……

气溶胶吸收系数（黑碳） (1min) Aethalometer(AE31,Magee Sci.)

散射系数 (1min) Nephelometer (M9003,Ecotech)

IPAC-NC field campaign 2006