jianying zhao : tianjin university yogesh ramadass: texas instruments
DESCRIPTION
MICROELECTRONIC TECHNIQUES FOR FREQUENCY TUNING OF PIEZO-ELECTRIC (PZ) ENERGY HARVESTING DEVICES (EHDs) Interim Report. Jianying Zhao : Tianjin University Yogesh Ramadass: Texas Instruments Dennis Buss: Texas Instruments and MIT Prof Jianguo Ma: Tianjin University. Summary. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
MICROELECTRONIC TECHNIQUES FOR FREQUENCY TUNING OF PIEZO-ELECTRIC (PZ) ENERGY HARVESTING
DEVICES (EHDs)Interim Report
Jianying Zhao: Tianjin UniversityYogesh Ramadass: Texas Instruments
Dennis Buss: Texas Instruments and MITProf Jianguo Ma: Tianjin University
Summary• Piezo-electric (PZ) Energy Harvesting Devices
(EHDs): Background
• Four key elements of frequency tuning1. High load resistance => high E-field in the PZ material
=> enables PZ coupling2. Inductor in output => Coupled oscillators => Pole
Splitting 3. Variable inductor => Frequency tuning4. Bias Flip to approximate large variable inductor
• Simulation results
• Conclusions
External Circuits for Extracting Power from EHDs
Energy Management
CircuitD3
D4
D1
D2
CRECTEHD
Rectification Circuit for DC Energy Storage
RL
+
-
V
is
Linear Circuit for Extracting AC Power
EHD L
cond.circuit
The focus of this talk will be this
conditioning circuit
Energy Management
CircuitD3
D4
D1
D2
CRECTEHD
Rectification Circuit for DC Energy Storage
RL
+
-
V
is
Liner Circuit for Extracting AC Power
EHD L
cond.circuit
External Circuits for Extracting Power from EHDs
PZ EHDs: Background
Strain
Strain
+– Voltage
Mass
IP RPCP
Current Source Model
F
+
-
V
t
X
E, Dδ, σ
dEY
dED
maFext
sidt
dQ
NOTE: In the open circuit case, D=0, and the effective Young’s modulus is
12 )1( YYeff Y
d 22 2
22
1
moc
2
222
oc
moc
Voltage
Definition of Key ParametersMechanical spring constant
Mechanical resonance frequency
Open circuit (Q=0) spring constant
Open circuit resonance frequency
Electrical capacitance
Mechanically constrained capacitance
t
AYkm
22 11
1
m
oc
k
t
AYk
m
kmm 2
t
ACe
)1(1
22
22
mmoc
oc m
k
)1(1 22 emc C
t
AC
Normalized parameters mcNLm wYQ
/ 1
2mc mmcmc
mcmcm
LNLm
mcm
inNin w
LCC
YYQ
C
YY
2
2
22
1
Y
d
0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20-2.5
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
095.11/
mococw
Voltage is normalized to the open circuit voltage at mechanical resonance
Log 10
(Nor
mal
ized
Vol
tage
Mag
nitu
de)
𝒘=𝝎 /𝝎𝒎
=0
=0.1
=1
=10
=50
10)/( 0 50 2.0
mmmcinNin
mcm
QCYYwQ
dZVoc /
Electrical Frequency TuningOutput Voltage in the Case of No Inductor
0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3-3.5
-3.0
-2.5
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
Power is normalized to the max power with matched load atmechanical resonance
Log 10
(Nor
mal
ized
Ave
rage
Pow
er)
𝒘=𝝎 /𝝎𝒎
=0.1
=1
=10
=50
10)/(0 50 2.0
mmmcinNin
mcm
QCYYwQ
inav Y
d
ZP
2
max 8
1
Electrical Frequency TuningOutput Power in the Case of No Inductor
Wpeak=1.095
0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30-3.0
-2.5
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Log 10
(Nor
mal
ized
Vol
tage
Mag
nitu
de)
𝒘=𝝎 /𝝎𝒎
=0
=0.1
=1
=10
=50
12 )( mcmCL
10)/( 1 50 2.0
mmmcin
Nin
mcm
QCYYwQ
Pole SplittingOutput voltage in the case of an impedance matchinginductor of value
Wpeak=1.247Wpeak=0.805
0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30-3.0
-2.5
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Log 10
(Nor
mal
ized
Vol
tage
Mag
nitu
de)
𝒘=𝝎 /𝝎𝒎
=0
=0.1
=1
=10
=50
12 )( mcmCL
10)/( 1 50 2.0
mmmcin
Nin
mcm
QCYYwQ
Pole SplittingOutput voltage in the case of an impedance matchinginductor of value
Pole
Fre
quen
cies
𝒘𝒎𝒄
ρ = 0.2
0.2
0.6
1.0
1.4
1.8
1.41.00.60.2
Wpeak=0.805Wpeak=1.247
𝑤𝑚𝑐=1
𝜔𝑚√𝐿𝐶𝑚𝑐
0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3-4.0
-3.5
-3.0
-2.5
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
w=ω/ωm
=0.1
=1
=10
=50
Normalized Power in the Case of an Impedance Matching Inductor of Value 12 )( mcmCL
10)/( 1 50 2.0
mmmcin
Nin
mcm
QCYYwQ
Log 10
(Nor
mal
ized
Ave
rage
Pow
er)
0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3-3.5
-3.0
-2.5
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
Log 10
(Nor
mal
ized
Ave
rage
Pow
er)
𝒘=𝝎 /𝝎𝒎
=0.1
=1
=10
=50
2222
22222
)1(
)1(
wQw
Qwwww
m
mmc
10)/( optimized 50 2.0
mmmcinNin
mcm
QCYYwQ
Inductor value is optimized at each frequency to maximize power delivered to the load
Output Power in the Case ofOptimized, Tunable Inductor
0.7005 0.7941 0.8877 0.9813 1.0749 1.1685 1.2621-3.0
-2.5
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
Log 10
(Nor
mal
ized
Ave
rage
Pow
er)
𝒘=𝝎 /𝝎𝒎
𝑇𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
10)/(1.0 50 2.0
mmmcin
Nin
NLm
QCYYYQ
Output Power for the case YLN = 0.1
Optimized tunable inductor compared to no inductor
𝑁𝑜 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
0.7005 0.7941 0.8877 0.9813 1.0749 1.1685 1.2621-3.0
-2.5
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
Log 10
(Nor
mal
ized
Ave
rage
Pow
er)
𝒘=𝝎 /𝝎𝒎
𝑇𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
𝑁𝑜 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝐵𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝐹𝑙𝑖𝑝
Output Power for the Case YLN = 0.1
10)/( 0.1 50 2.0
mmmcin
Nin
NLm
QCYYYQ
L RLIP
RinCmc
+
-
V(t)
iP(t)
v(t)
Close Switch
Open Switch
½ Period
v(t)
Operation of the Bias Flip Technique
Volta
ge
t
Volta
ge
t
DC Rectification and Storage
ton toff
IP RinCmc Energy
Manage Circuit
D3
D4
D1
D2 CRECT
VRECT
BiasFlip
Circuitυ (t )
Volta
ge
t
Cmc = 0
Large Cmc
No BF
Large Cmc
With BFNegBias
Biasflip
VRECT
VRECT
ton toff
VRECT
ton toff
Log 10
(Nor
mal
ized
Pow
er)
Rectified DC Power as a Function of Cmc
Log10(Capacitance )
-8.0 -7.5 -7.0 -6.5 -6.0 -5.5 -5.0
-1.8
-1.6
-1.4
-1.2
-1.0
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
No Bias Flip
Using Bias Flip
kYR
Hz
inin
m
10
1002
1
8% gap
Conclusions1. Frequency tuning of a PZ EHD can be achieved when the
Electric field in the PZ material is high, and PZ coupling is strong.
2. When an inductor is added to the output circuit, we have two coupled resonant circuits. When the coupling between them is high, pole-splitting determines the frequencies of max output power.
3. By varying the inductor value, the device can be “tuned” for max output power at frequencies different from the mechanical resonant frequency.
4. The Bias Flip technique has been proposed to approximate the effect of a large, tunable inductor.
Using a physical model for the PZ EHD, a generalization of the impedance matching concept has been shown to obtain high output power over an extended frequency range.
THANK-YOU