jfk assassination: origins of the conspiracy theories
TRANSCRIPT
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JFK Assassination:
Origins of the
Conspiracy Theories
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Presidential Assassinations
Abraham Lincoln: April 14, 1865
Shot by John Wilkes Booth.
Originally started as a kidnapping plan.
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Presidential Assassinations
John Wilkes Booth
Famous actor at the time; this was a conspiracy
(nowadays maybe we might call it a terrorist act).
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Presidential Assassinations
William McKinley: September 6, 1901
McKinley had just been reelected and was popular.
Shot in stomach by lone assassin. Died of gangrene a week later.
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Presidential Assassinations
Leon Czolgosz
Czolgosz was a loner, reportedly bullied and had a poor relationship
with his family. He was influenced by a political activist.
He was tried and executed.
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Presidential Assassination (Attempted)
Ronald Reagan: March 30, 1981
Reagan had been in office two months. He was struck in the chest and
had a punctured lung.
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Presidential Assassination (Attempted)
John Hinckley Jr.
Hinckley was trying to get attention and impress a movie star.
Found to be insane.
He is in a mental institution in Washington, D.C.
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Why So Much Attention to JFK
Assassination?
• Strong political divide between Republicans & Democrats
• JFK had fired CIA chief & was looking to pull out of Vietnam
• Cuban Missile Crisis (Oct 1962)
• The Bay of Pigs (invasion of Cuba) failure (April 1961)
• RFK, as attorney general, was investigating the Mob
• Civil Rights: JFK calls national guard to escort James
Meredith into U. Mississippi
• Later in 1960s, MLK (April 1968) and RFK was killed (June
1968). Conspiracy claims arose
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People With Motive (a focal point of all
conspiracy theories)
• The Mob: Because RFK was cracking down on them.
• Segregationists: Because JFK was pushing civil rights.
• CIA: Because they feared JFK wanted to disband the agency.
• Anti-Communists/War hawks: Because JFK wanted the US to
exit Vietnam.
• Castro: Revenge for the attempted invasion.
• Lyndon Johnson: to take the presidency.
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Timeline
11:40 Love Field
12:30 Shots
12:36 DP radio re: TSBD
(eyewitness)
12:45 DP radio
description
1:00 LHO home
1:15 Tippit murder
1:40 Apprehended in
Texas Theatre
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Lots of Crowds
On Nov 22, 1963
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Entering Dealey Plaza
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JFK remarked before boarding the plane for Dallas on
November 22, 1963, “if anybody really wants to shoot the
President of the United States … all one has to do is get
high in a building someday, with a telescope rifle, and
there would be nothing anybody could do to defend
against such an attempt.”
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Zapruder:
Not the Only Person
With a Camera
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Turning onto Houston Street
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Hughes film
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Croft Photo
(just after turn onto Elm)
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Bronson Photo
(moving down Elm St)
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Mr. Zapruder’s perspective
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Dillard Photo, shortly after
shooting (CE 482)
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Powell photo, cropped
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View from 6th Floor Window
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Elm Street looking back to 6th floor
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Bullet Trajectory
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Zapruder film
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Nix film (opposite from Mr. Zapruder)
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Nix film (opposite from Mr. Zapruder)
Moorman photo
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Altgens photo (just down from Moorman)
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Altgens Photo (enlarged)
Between 2nd and 3rd shoot
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Murray Photo
(attention on the TSBD after shooting)
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Shots Compared to Zapruder Slides
1st shot: early, missed (Z150-160)
2nd shot: JFK’s neck into GC’s back (Z220-
225). Bullet was recovered & matched to gun.
3rd shot: Entered rear R of skull, exited as 3
large fragments, 2 of which were in front seat.
At some point, a fragment flew forward and hit
bystander, Mr. Tague.
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James Tague, hit by fragment
(not possible if shots were from Knoll)
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Zapruder
Sniper view
Zapruder
Sniper view
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Zapruder
Sniper view
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JFK Movie (1991) “Back and to the Left”
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Frames 312-313 Zapruder film
(Shows head goes forward… a
moment later, JFK goes backwards
as bullet leaves his head)
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Zapruder 313
(from Life Magazine)
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It Wasn’t Just the Warren
Report:
8 Investigations into the
Assassination
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The Investigations 1. Warren Commission
1. Some testimony taken in secret
2. Evidence sealed, some missing
3. Completed in 10 months
4. Not examine autopsy photos + x-rays
5. FBI did leg work
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Origin 2. Clay Shaw Trial (D.A. Jim
Garrison)
The jury returned a defense verdict… in less than an hour.
Shaw sued the District Attorney… and won THREE TIMES.
*5th Circuit: “the district attorney’s relentless harassment of Shaw”
*”Garrison’s prosecution [was in] bad faith and harassing…”
*“The court found a serious question concerning the basis for Garrison’s
decision to investigate the assassination”
*”Garrison had a significant financial interest in the continued prosecution of
Clay Shaw…”
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The Investigations 3. Rockefeller Commission
*1975
*Grassy Knoll shooter: Zapruder &
medical evidence
”… no evidence to support the
claim that President Kennedy
was struck by a bullet fired
from... the Grassy Knoll.”
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The Investigations 4. Church Committee
*1975
*Investigate FBI / CIA after Watergate
”The Committee emphasizes
that it has not uncovered any
evidence sufficient to justify a
conclusion that there was a
conspiracy to assassinate
President Kennedy.”
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5. House Select Committee on
Assassinations (HCSA)
•1976 –1979 “Final Report”
• post Watergate; Cold War
• personnel turnover
•Findings:
• “Scientific accoustical evidence evidence
establishes a high probabillity that 2 gunmen
fired at JFK”
• “The committee believes…that JFK was probably
assassinated as a result of conspiracy.”
but HCSA agreed LHO fired two shots which hit JFK
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6. National Academy of Science Report
*1982
• Dept of Justice asked NAS to review acoustic
evidence.
“The acoustic analysis do not
demonstrate that there was a grassy
knoll shot”
“The acoustic impulses attributed to
gunshots were about one minute
after the President had been shot.”
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7. Assassination Records Collection Act of
1992
Most records released
to public… no one
found any evidence of
second shooter.
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8. National Archives and Records
Administration
*January 2000
Dept of Justice asked for bullet
fragments to be tested for fibers.
“Lab Test on Kennedy Assassination
Evidence Now Complete”
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Conspiracy Theories
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If this is right, where did bullet go?
No reaction that close to
supposed shooter?
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If this is right, where did bullet go?
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North Knoll “Sniper”
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Mrs. Hopkins was there!
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Dealey is not that big for
all of these shooters!
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Photo in aftermath of the
shooting (a lot of press around!)
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The Newmans
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Pretty Good View for Sniper…
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But Wouldn’t These People See or
Hear???
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Grassy Knoll Shooter
• Argument in support:
- Shot(s) heard from that direction.
- Some claimed to see a puff of smoke.
- One witness claimed to see shooter there.
- Dramatic rearward lurch of JFK’s head.
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Grassy Knoll Shooter
Evidence AGAINST:
- No physical trace there (rifle, shells).
- No damage to left side of Kennedy’s skull.
- Where would this bullet have gone after hitting JFK?
- All fragments from crime scene trace back to Oswald’s
rifle ballistically/chemically.
- Too close up there – bystanders would have seen
and heard.
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Evidence of Oswald’s
Guilt
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Lee Harvey Oswald
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Midnight Press Conference
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Evidence of Guilt
•LHO tested positive on hands, not cheek
• Odd behavior of fleeing
•Owned rifle
•Seen carrying odd package in that morning
•Paper bag found, nothing in it
•Rifle on 6th floor, last person there
•Witnesses
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“Backyard Photos”
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Paper Bag
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Sniper’s nest
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“Magic Bullet” Theory
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“Magic Bullet” Theory
Same height
This diagram has the men: (1) in front of
each other and (2) at the same height
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(Paris Match)
Magic Bullet Theory
relies on wrong seating
arrangement
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“Magic Bullet” Theory
Same
height
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“Magic Bullet” Theory
Vs. Height Difference
JFK sitting here Gov sitting here
Seats are not
at the same
height
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Limo at Love Field
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“Magic Bullet” Theory
Actual Alignment
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“Magic Bullet” Theory
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JFK Movie (1991) “Back and to the Left”
In the movie, they use
the wrong seating
arrangement to
“prove” the Magic
Bullet Theory.
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Actual Limo is in a Museum in Michigan
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Actual Limo is in a Museum in Michigan
Seats are not
the same
height, size,
and are not
directly in front
of each other
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Weird
West Palm Beach
Connection
To JFK Assassination
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Oswald’s “Best Friend” Died in Palm
Beach
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Why Make Up Conspiracy Theories?
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Lessons from JFK Assassination
• Popular opinion is not fact.
•Eyewitness testimony is not the best evidence.
•A good story, does not make a conspiracy story
true.
•Is the person telling the story trying to “sell” you
something?
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The End
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Zapruder film (enhanced)