Jesuit Relations Powerpoint

Michael Huey

Montagnais

• A subdivision of the Innu tribe from Canada.

• Settled along the northern shore of Quebec.

• The name “montaganais” means mountaineers, due to that the tribe settled near the mountains.

• One of the earliest native people of Canada.

Montagnais (cont.)

• Due to poor agricultural conditions, the Montagnais tribe adapted the Hunter-Gatherer way of survival.

• Tribe devided the seasons into two categories: Nipinoukhe: Spring and Summer, and Pipounoukhe: Winter

• Like most native tribes, the Montagnais believed in spirits that controlled all of nature

Hurons

• Also known as the Wyandot tribe, settled in various areas of North America, including Ontario, Quebec, Ohio, and Kansas

• Depending on the seasons (spring/summer or winter) would decide the Huron’s survival strategies.

– Farmers during the warmer weathers (corn, squash, etc.) and hunters in the winters (deer, bison, etc.)

• Believed in supreme Gods: displayed it through prayer, devotions, vows, and even sacrifices.

Hurons (cont.)

• Policy of leadership: no absolute leaders. Believed in free will and little subjective authority.

• the Hurons recognize the Aataentsic, the head of their nation. The Aataentisic is a woman, according to legend, is a woman who fell from the heavens.

• Legend story about the origin of tobacco.

Disease and Medicine

• Diseases spread from various tribes from all over America.

• New diseases were something new of the Jesuit tribes, with no prior knowledge of germs or viruses.

• The people the tribes turn to to help aid the sick were the medical specialists known as the “medicine man” or the “shaman”

Disease & Medicine (cont.)

• Odd remedies to help cure the sick. Sometimes, the sick would participate in games such as soccer or lacrosse to improve health.

• 1636: influenza break-out that infected the Huron tribes’ villages, resulting in an exponential number of deaths.

• Diseases and a lack of knowledge of how to cure them was one of the prominent reasons of the Jesuit population decline.

Iroquois

• Settled in the north-eastern part of North America, in what is now current day New York.

• A tribe with a combination of hunter-gatherers and farmers.– Farmed beans, corn, and squash. (seasonally)

– Gathered wild berries

– Hunted deer, but also fished salmon, trout, and others

• Religious beliefs include the spirits of nature changing the seasons. Honored spirits with festivals, celebrating harvest.

Iroquois (cont.)

• French Migration to North America.

• French mission to convert native Iroquois tribe to Christianity.

• Of the entire Iroquois tribe, the Mohawks converted the most of their population to Christianity.

• Iroquois confused with the practice of sacrifice because the Missionaries praised the sacrifice of Christ but rebuked the native practice.

Jacques Marquette

• Pastor (June 10, 1637 – May 18, 1675)

• Studied religion at a young age. Started work in North America in the year 1666

• Started a journey along the Mississippi river with a fur trader named Louis Jolliet

• Credited for establishing first settlement in Michigan

Jacques Marquette

• Members of a Native American tribe wanted Father Marquette to spread the word to tribes down south.

• Journey along the Mississippi River, original plan was to extend their travels as far as the Gulf of Mexico. Ended up stopping a few miles short (Arkansas)

• Marquette and crew were honored as heroes upon return, filled with stories and news of discoveries.