jessica bejarano-faustudent-gender differences in communication

8/8/2019 Jessica Bejarano-FAUStudent-Gender Differences in Communication

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HGAEGS EIDDGSGA@GP IA @NOOWAI@BUINA SGGZBOIAGE 2

B Sggzboiabuina nd Hgaegs Eiddgsga`gp ia @noowai`buina= Hgaegs/`nap`inwpagpp,

Xilliahagpp bae @naugau bp @nausicwuiah Db`unsp

Mgppi`b Cgmbsban

Dlnsieb Bulbaui` Waitgspiuy




Bcpusbù

Xjga oga bae xnoga `noowai`bug iu’p p{g`wlbuge ujbu iu’p ia eiddgsgau xbyp bae bcnwu

eiddgsgau ujiahp! [sgtinwply oga xgsg `jbsbùgsi}ge bp cgiah iagz{sgppitg bae gonuinalgpp bae

dgoblgp bp cgiah ntgsly gonuinabl bae onsg gz{sgppitg! B unubl nd 2: bewlu tnlwauggsp, 9 oga

bae 9 xnoga, xgsg pwstgyge! Ujgsg xbp an eiddgsga`g ia dsgrwga`y nd `natgspbuina bcnwu onpu

gonuinap, oga xgsg mwpu bp lifgly bp xnoga un gz{sgpp jb{{iagpp ns bahgs bae ti`g tgspb! Oga

bae xnoga `noowai`buge bcnwu bll cwu 3 gonuinap grwblly, mgblnwpy bae dgbs! Ujgsg xbp an

eiddgsga`g ia bahgs! Oga xgsg mwpu bp hgaegs `napìnwp bp xnoga! Oga xgsg dnwae un cg onsg

bppgsuitg! Ntgsbll, xg pw{{nsuge ujg jy{nujgpip ujbu oga bae xnoga bsg mwpu bp lifgly ns xilliah

un `noowai`bug bae eiddgsga`gp bsg dnwae obialy ia `naugau!




B Sggzboiabuina nd Hgaegs Eiddgsga`gp ia @noowai`buina= Hgaegs/`napìnwpagpp, Xilliahagpp,

bae @naugau bp @nausicwuiah Dbùnsp

Ujg eiddgsga`gp ujbu gzipu cguxgga ujg pgzgp jbp cgga `napiegsge b un{i` nd iaugsgpu

bonah pìgauipup dns pnog uiog! Xjga oga bae xnoga `noowai`bug iu’p p{g`wlbuge ujbu iu’p ia

eiddgsgau xbyp bae bcnwu eiddgsgau ujiahp! Ujgpg bppwo{uinap bae p{g`wlbuinap dwsujgs

pugsgnuy{gp bae `nauiawg gssnagnwp liagp nd ujiafiah! Ujgsg bsg b hsgbu awocgs nd io{nsubau

bp{gùp ujbu bsg beesgppge cy gzboiaiah bae sggzboiaiah hgaegs eiddgsga`gp! Ujgsb{ipup xjn

xbau un cguugs `noowai`bug xiuj {buigaup *ns nujgs ogaubl jgbluj {sndgppinablp) bae pnìnlnhipup

xjn xbau un cguugs gtblwbug pnìbl iaugsbùinap xnwle cnuj cgagdiu dsno pw`j ebub *Eiaeib, 2993)!

Blpn, `lbsidyiah hgaegs eiddgsga`gp pjnwle jgl{ un cguugs sggpubclipj pgz/snlgp!

Dwsujgs, ujg io{nsuba`g nd pgz/snlgp, ns hgaegs cbpge bppwo{uinap bcnwu cgjbtinsp, ip

gp{gìblly pihaidi`bau ia uneby’p `jbahiah xnsle! Ujgsg bsg b hsgbugs awocgs nd jnonpgzwblp

bae usbaphgaegsge `nw{lgp ujbu jbtg anu ygu cgga ia`lwege ns ujbu liugsbuwsg ip lioiuge na! Ujgpg

`nw{lgp gz{gsiga`g obay nd ujg pbog `noowai`buina bae waegspubaeiah eiddi`wluigp *G`fpugia,

Lntg, By`n`f, Xgipags, 3;;:)! Cguugs egdiaiah ujgpg eiddgsga`gp oby {sntieg iegbp dns

sglbuinapji{ cwileiah ug`jairwgp ns pusbughigp! @li`jé’p lifg “Oga bsg dsno Obsp bae Xnoga

dsno Tgawp‟ bsg cgligtge un jbtg cinlnhi`bl cbpip! Ujgpg cinlnhi`bl waegsunagp jbtg

io{li`buinap bcnwu `noowai`buina puylg *G`fpugia gu bl!, 3;;:)! Id pn, ujg gzboiabuina nd

`noowai`buina puylg ia `nssglbuina xiuj hgaegs/`napìnwpagpp pjnwle cg pusnah bae ip aggege! Iu

blpn jnlep `lwgp bcnwu jnx b {bsui`wlbs pgz xnwle wpg bae cgagdiu dsno pnìbl iaugsbùinap




*Cwslgpna, 3;;9)! Ujip xnwle bllnx dns cguugs bciliuy un {sgeiù b {gspna’p pusgpp `n{iah bciliuigp,

bae ujg jgbluj nd iaugs{gspnabl sglbuinapji{p *Cwslgpna, 3;;9)! Iu blpn jnlep io{nsuba`g ia `jile

egtgln{ogau ug`jairwgp bae jnx gew`bunsp `noowai`bug xiuj puwegaup nd eiddgsgau pgzgp!

Obay bp{gùp nd {sgtinwply sg{nsuge liugsbuwsg {niaup pw{{nsu b agge dns dwsujgs

iatgpuihbuina! [sgtinwply obp`wliag `noowai`buina xbp `jbsbùgsi}ge cy gonuinabl sgpusbiau

bae dgoiaiag bp dsggly bae dwlly gz{sgppiah gonuinap *Tbpywsb, 3;;:)! Dgoblgp gz{sgpp lntg,

jb{{iagpp, bae pbeagpp onsg ujba oblgp *Cblpxi`f, 2988)! [siobsily, iagz{sgppitgagpp ip {bsu nd

ujg obp`wliag pugsgnuy{g *Cblpxi`f, 2988)! Ujip sgpgbs`j pggop un pw{{nsu pugsgnuy{gp ujwp

{sntnfiah iaugsgpu ia giujgs bddisoiah ns sgdwuiah ujgpg {sgtinwp anuinap! Iu oby blpn cg bppwoge

ujbu `noowai`buina puylg ip egugsoiage cy pnìbl `napuswùp dns b {bsui`wlbs hgaegs ns ujg pgz/

snlg *Tbpywsb, 3;;:)! Oga dn`wp na bddgùitg `noowai buina xjilg xnoga bsg enoiabuge cy

onuitbuina *Tbpywsb, 3;;:)! Tbpywsb pw{{nsup ujg iegb ujbu oblgp `noowai`bug xiuj

gddgùitgagpp ia oiae bae dgoblgp bsg onsg ia`liage un `noowai`bug, ns anu, eg{gaeiah na b

egìege onuitbuina! Sgpgbs`j iaei`bugp ujbu cnuj oga bae xnoga pggf pw{{nsu ia, bae cgagdiu

dsno, pnìbl iaugsbùinap *Cwslgpna, 3;;9)! [sgtinwply, xnoga jbtg cgga onsg lifgly un ublf

bcnwu jgbluj bae fiep bae lgpp lifgly un ublf nd {nliui`p bae diaba`g xjilg oga lgpp lifgly un

eip`wpp ujgis cneigp bae onsg lifgly un ublf bcnwu xnsf bae p{nsup *G`fpugia gu bl!, 3;;:)! Blpn

nd anug, an eiddgsga`g jbp cgga dnwae cguxgga pgzgp ia ujg gz{sgppina na bahgs *Cblpxi`f,

2988)! Lbpuly, ujg pgz nd ujg {gspna cgiah `noowai`buge un, bp xgll bp ujgis sglbuinapji{ un ujg

`noowai`buns, bddgùp lgtgl nd noowai`buina *Eiaeib, 2993)! Ogbaiah b {bsuiì{bau oby cg

onsg xilliah un `noowai`bug pnogujiah un b {bsui`wlbs pgz ns un pnognag xiuj b {bsui`wlbs

sglbuinapji{ un ujgo!




Bll [sgtinwp liugsbuwsg gzboiage ns sg/gzboiage bp{gùp nd `noowai`buina cy giujgs

oblgp ns dgoblgp bae sgpwlup xgsg tbsige! Cbpge na {sgtinwp liugsbuwsg {niaup ujgsg ip b agge un

gzboiag ‚rwbliuy’ nd `noowai`buina, bp xgll bp ujg uy{gp nd gonuinap bae ia xji`j piuwbuinap

ujgy bsg `noowai`buge! Pn nws jy{nujgpip ip uxndnle= dispu ujbu hgaegs eiddgsga`gp gzipu

{siobsily ia `naugau, bae pg`naely, ujbu ujgsg xill cg an eiddgsga`g ia ujg bonwau ns xilliahagpp

nd `noowai`buina!

Ogujne

[bsuiì{baup

B unubl nd 2: bewlu tnlwauggsp, 9 oga bae 9 xnoga, xgsg pwstgyge! [bsuiì{baup sbahge

ia bhg dsno 32 un 7; bae xgsg `no{wugs liugsbug! Pnog oby jbtg cgga puwegaup nd Dlnsieb

Bulbaui` Waitgspiuy6 nujgsp xgsg tnlwauggsp dsno ujg hgagsbl {wcli`! Bll xgsg anu iatnltge ia

nujgs nddiìbl sgpgbs`j puweigp! [bsuiì{baup xgsg hbujgsge tib xnse nd onwuj ns xgcpiug!

[sn`gewsg

Ujip rwbpi/gz{gsiogau iatnltgp b pgu nd rwgpuinaabisgp! Gb`j {bsuiì{bau xbp `naubùge

bae hitga b liaf un b xgcpiug ujbu jnwpgp ujg rwgpuinaabisgp! Ujg pwstgy xbp naly btbilbclg

naliag, pn `no{wugs liugsbug {bsuiì{baup xgsg wpge! B {bppxnse xbp sgrwisge bae na`g gaugsge, b

pgsigp nd hgagsbl rwgpuinap ia`lweiah hgaegs, obsiubl pubuwp, gew`buina, bhg, bae pgzwbl

nsigaubuina xgsg bpfge! Gtgsy {bsui i{bau ujga `no{lguge 0 pgup nd rwgpuinaabisgp! Ujg dispu pgu

ip un gtblwbug {gspnabliuy! Wpiah ujg ‚Uga/Iugo [gspnabliuy Iatgaunsy *UI[I)’ *Hnpliah, 3;;0)

xji`j {sntiege cbpi` {gspnabliuy bp{gùp, obialy gzusntgspina! Ujg ‚Owluieiogauinabl Hgaegs

@napìnwpagpp Rwgpuinaabisg *OH@R)’ *Pagll, 3;;4) {sntiege ujg tblwgp dns ntgsbll hgaegs

`napìnwpagpp! Ujg pg`nae pgu ia`lwege b rwgpuinaabisg pnogxjbu sghbseiah puylg, ujg




Pnìn`noowai`buitg Puylg P`blg *P@P)’ xji`j beesgppge jnx bppgsuitg bae sgp{napitg ujg

{bsuiì{baup cgligtge gb`j pgz xbp! Iu blpn ia`lwege ujg ‚Xilliahagpp un @noowai`bug P`blg

*XU@)’ xji`j xbp wpge un hitg ba iegb nd jnx xilliah gb`j {bsuiì{bau xbp un `noowai`bug ia

{bsui`wlbs piuwbuinap bae un p{gìdi` {gn{lg *O`@snpfy, 2994)! Lbpuly, dns `naugau I wpge ujg

‚Gonuinabl Pgld/Eip`lnpwsg P`blg *GPEP)’ xbp wpge! Iu {sntiege b tblwg dns gb`j gonuina=

eg{sgppina, jb{{iagpp, mgblnwpy, baziguy, bahgs, `bloagpp, b{bujy, bae dgbs *Pagll, 2998)!

@no{lguina dns ujg dwll pgsigp nd rwgpuinaabisgp btgsbhge cguxgga 3;/3: oiawugp! Ujg P@P,

OH@R, bae ujg GPEP bll wpg ujg Lifgsu p`blg dns p`nsiah! Ujg UI[I bae XU@ wpg gpubclipjge,

sglibclg bae tblie ogbpwsgp ujgy jbtg egugsoiage!

Sgpwlup

Ujg jy{nujgpip xbp pw{{nsuge cy ujg ebub `nllgùge! Ujgsg xbp an pihaidi`ba`g dnwae

cguxgga Oblgp bae Dgoblgp ia bay nd ujg gzboiage bsgbp {gsubiaiah un ‚Xilliahagpp un

@noowai`bug’= hsnw{ *u*24)?!79, {1!;7), ogguiah *u*24)?!:2, {1!;7), iaugs{gspnabl *u*24)?!09,

{1!;7), {wcli` p{gbfiah *u*24)?!8:, {1!;7), pusbahgsp *u*24)?!02, {1!;7), b`rwbiauba`gp

*u*24)?2!58, {1!;7), dsigaep *u*24)?!;8, {1!;7), ntgsbll xilliahagpp un `noowai`bug *u*24)?!80,

{1!;7)! Ujg pg`nae bp{gù I xbp bclg un pw{{nsu xbp ujbu `naugau gz{sgppge cy gb`j pgz eie tbsy

ia 3 nd ujg : gonuinap eip`lnpge ia ujg GPEP! Mgblnwpy *u*24)?!;0, {<!;7) bae Dgbs *u*24)?!;7,

{<!;7) xgsg dnwae un cg pihaidi`bau! Ujgsg xbp an pihaidi`ba`g dnwae ia hgaegs `napìnwpagpp

*u*24)?!87, {1!;7)! Ujgsg xgsg b dgx nujgs {ig`gp nd ebub ujbu bsg iaugsgpuiah bae nd anug! An

pihaidi`ba`g xbp dnwae cguxgga obsiubl pubuwp, bhg, gew`buina bae gzusntgspina bae b xilliahagpp

un `noowai`bug! Blujnwhj ujgsg xbp an eiddgsga`g ia hgaegs, {bsuiì{baup ujnwhju Oblgp un cg

onsg bppgsuitg *u*24)?!57, {<!;7)!




Eip`wppina

Ntgsbll ujg jy{nujgpip xbp pw{{nsuge! Blujnwhj I xbp anu bclg un dwlly buubia bll ebub nd

iaugsgpu, ujip csigd pwstgy nd tbsibclgp {sntiege ganwhj bapxgsp dns ujip sggzboiabuina! Obay

bp{gùp nd ujg liugsbuwsg xgsg `nausbeiùge cy ujip ebub! Ujgsg xbp an eiddgsga`g ia dsgrwga`y nd

`natgspbuina bcnwu onpu gonuinap, oga xgsg mwpu bp lifgly bp xnoga un gz{sgpp jb{{iagpp ns

bahgs bae ti`g tgspb, `nausbeiùnsy un Tbpywsb bae Cblxi`f xjn cnuj `lbio xnoga ns oga

gz{sgpp jb{{iagpp ns bahgs onsg! Oga bae xnoga `noowai`buge bcnwu bll cwu 3 gonuinap

grwblly, mgblnwpy bae dgbs! Un beesgpp ujg pieg anugp= an liaf xbp dnwae cguxgga gew`buina, bhg,

obsiubl pubuwp ns gzusntgspina bae b xilliahagpp un `noowai`bug! Pn iu eiea’u obuugs id b

{bsuiì{bau xbp nlegs ns onsg ublfbuitg ntgsbll! Banujgs iaugsgpuiah {ig`g nd ebub {niauge nwu ujbu

cnuj oga bae xnoga diae oga un cg onsg bppgsuitg! Xg’tg pw{{nsuge Cblpxi`f’p diaeiah ujbu

ujgsg ip an eiddgsga`g ia bahgs! Ujgsg xbp an eiddgsga`g bonah hgaegsp ia sgp{gù un hgaegs

`napìnwpagpp! Oga xgsg mwpu bp hgaegs `napìnwp bp xnoga! Nws jy{nujgpip xbp pw{{nsuge

{siobsily ia xilliahagpp ns bonwau , oga bae xnoga xnwle cnuj cg xilliah un `noowai`bug ia

pioilbs piuwbuinap! Lbpuly, ujgsg xgsg `naugau eiddgsga`gp ia 3 nd ujg : bsgbp ugpuge, xji`j blpn

pw{{nsup ujg jy{nujgpip!

Bpieg dsno ujg nctinwp lioiubuinap nd ujip {snmgù *uiog, pbo{lg pi}g, gu`), I dnwae dgx

ncpub`lgp! I xbp wabclg un buubia b sg{sgpgaubuina nd jnonpgzwblp ns usbaphgaegsge iaeitiewblp

bae ujwp ujgsg ip puill b agge un beesgpp ujip hsnw{! [siobsily, I xbp lioiuge cy ujg btbilbciliuy nd

sglibclg bae tblie ogbpwsgp! Ujgy giujgs jbe {bsup ns anag nd xjbu I xbp lnnfiah dns! Bp b sgpwlu

I jbe b lnah pwstgy uglliah og tgsy liuulg!

Dwuwsg Sgpgbs`j xnwle cg wpgdwl un beesgpp obay lb`fiah bp{gùp nd ujip pjnsu sgpgbs`j

{snmgù! Oga bae xnoga `noowai`buge bcnwu bll cwu 3 gonuinap grwblly, blujnwhj dwsujgs puwey



HGAEGS EIDDGSGA@GP IA @NOOWAI@BUINA SGGZBOIAGE :

iaun onuitbuina cgjiae ujgpg gz{sgppinap xnwle cg wpgdwl! Dwsujgs iatgpuihbuina pjnwle gz{lnsg

jnx oblg bppgsuitgagpp bddgùp xilliahagpp ns `naugau! Blujnwhj xg beesgppge obay bp{gùp

{gsubiaiah un xilliahagpp un `noowai`bug, ia dwuwsg sgpgbs`j `napiegs beesgppiah Eiaeib’p

{sgoipg ujbu pgz bae sglbuinapji{ jbtg bddgùp ia lgtgl na noowai`buina bae xilliahagpp! Blpn b

sglibclg ogbpwsg un ugpu dns onsg un{i`bl bae gtgsyeby `natgspbuina `naugau xnwle cg wpgdwl!

Blujnwhj xg `nwle anu sg{li`bug {bpu ogbpwsgp gzbùly xg eie diae ebub nd iaugsgpu un ujip un{i`

bae ujgsg bsg obay bp{gùp, ogauinage jgsg, xji`j egpgstg dwsujgs buugauina un gz{bae bsgbp nd

{py`jnlnhy, pnìnlnhy, bae nujgs b`begoib csba`jgp!

Xg jbtg dnwae, ujsnwhj b pgsigp nd rwgpuinaabisgp ujbu oga bae xnoga bsg grwblly

xilliah un `noowai`bug, cwu gz{sgpp eiddgsgau gonuinap! Pn cbpi`blly, ujg bonwau ipa’u eiddgsgau

cguxgga ujg pgzgp, cwu ujg `naugau ip"




Sgdgsga`gp

Cblpxi`f, M, $ Btgsuu, @! *2988)! Eiddgsga`gp ia gz{sgppitgagpp=Hgaegs, iaugs{gspnabl

nsigaubuina, {gs`gitge {bsgaubl gz{sgppitagpp bp `nausicwuiah dbùnsp! Mnwsabl nd Obssibhg bae

ujg Dboily, 232/238!

Cwslgpna, C, Jbabpnan, L, Cneig, H, Jnlopusno, B, $ Sb`f, M! *3;;9)! Gz{lbiaiah hgaegs eiddgsga`gp ia sgp{napgp un pw{{nsuitg ogppbhgp= Uxn ugpup nd b ewbl/{sn`gpp b{{snb`j!

Pgz Snlgp, 42, 347/3:;!

Eiaeib, F, $ Bllga, O! *2993)! Pgz eiddgsga`gp ia pgld/eip`lnpwsg= B ogub/bablypip!

[py`jnlnhi`bl Cwllguia, 223*2), 2;4/235!

G`fpugia, E, Lntg, [, By`n`f, F, $ Xgipags III, T! *3;;:)! Ujg `nw{lgp hgaegs/cbpge

rwgpuinaabisg *`hr)= Ujisuy/ujsgg sglbuinapji{ `napiegsbuinap! Mnwsabl nd Obssibhg bae u

jg Dboily, 24 , 244/28;!

Hnpliah, P! *3;;0)! Uga iugo {gspnabliuy iatgaunsy! Wa{wclipjge obawp`si{u, Eg{bsuogau nd

[py`jnlnhy, Waitgspiuy nd Ugzbp, Sgusigtge dsno

juu{=..jnog{bhg!{py!wugzbp!gew.jnog{bhg.db`wluy.hnpliah.p`blgp^xg!juo#Uga'3;Iugo'

3;[gspnabliuy'3;Ogbpwsg'3;'3:UI[I'39

O`@snpfgy, M! *2994)! Sgpgbs`j ogbpwsgp! Iadnsoblly {wclipjge obawp`si{u, Waitgspiuy nd Xgpu

Tishiaib, Sgusigtge dsno juu{=..xxx!mbogpò``snpfgy!`no.ogbpwsgp.

Pagll, X! *3;;8)! Es!pagll(p bppgppogau iapuswogaup! Iadnsoblly {wclipjge obawp`si{u,

Eg{bsuogau nd [py`jnlnhy, Pnwujgbpu Oippnwsi Pubug Waitgspiuy, Sgusigtge dsno

juu{=..xxx5!pgon!gew.pagll.UGPUIAH!JUO

Tbpywsb, P! *3;;:)! [py`jnlhy nd oblg bae dgoblg `noowai`buitg bùitiuy! P{baipj Mnwsabl nd

[py`jnlnhy, 22*2), 3:9/0;;!

jessica bejarano-faustudent-gender differences in communication

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