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Secondary education in Poland 18 years of changes Fourth ECA Education Conference Tirana, October 24-26, 2007. Jerzy Wiśniewski CASE – Center for Social and Economic Research. The school education system 1989. Centralised system. · curricula and teaching programmes - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Secondary education in Poland18 years of changes
Fourth ECA Education ConferenceTirana, October 24-26, 2007
Jerzy WiśniewskiCASE – Center for Social and Economic Research
345
0 6I 7II 8III 9IV 10V 11VI 12VII 13VIII 14
I 15II 16III 17
IV 18
V 19
pre-school education
"zero" class
primary school
General second.
Vocation. Second.
Basic vocat.
The school education system 1989
Centralised system
curricula and teaching programmes
textbooks and other teaching aids
rules for recruitment of pupils to schools,
the school network,
classification of occupations
rules for awarding titles and diplomas
Vocational schools
• Industry – part of state-owned enterprises
• Agriculture – run by the Ministry of Agriculture
• Crafts – Associations, organizations of craftsmen
Distribution of students in secondary schools %
15 1821,5
30,5
63,5
51,5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1972 1986
Secondary general education Secondary vocational Basic vocational
Changes in VET after 1989
• Enterprises refused to finance works-based schools
• taken over by the educational authorities
• no longer guarantee life-long employment in one state-owned enterprise
• employers not involved
• slow introduction of counselling and guidance
Modernisation of VET after 1989
Efforts of the Ministry of National Education: changes in curricula - promoting entrepreneurship; introducing foreign languages (difficult due to the
shortage of teachers); introducing the subject „Elements of Informatics”; 76 independently developed curricula work on curricular documentation for the new
classification of occupations.
23%
30%
43%
32%34%38%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
1990/1991 1995/1996
General secondary basic vocational secondary vocational
Students in secondary schools %
Students in higher education
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
1990 1995 2000
thou
sand
s
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
perc
ent
number of students net enrolment rate
The reform of 1998 - 1999
new structure of the school system;
a curricular reform - the introduction of core curricula;
the assessment and examination system;
governance and supervision
the financing of schools;
teachers promotion paths and the new system of remuneration.
The school education system proposed by the reform of 1998 345
0 6I 7II 8III 9IV 10V 11VI 12
I 13II 14III 15
I 16II 17III 18
IV 19
Basic vocat.
Pre-school education
"zero" class
primary school
Lower secondary Gymnasium
General second. (profiled)
80% 20%
23%
30%34%
43%
32%
27%
34%38% 39%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
1990/1991 1995/1996 1998/1999
General secondary basic vocational secondary vocational
Students in secondary schools %
External examinations
Common compulsory tests
• at the end of the primary school
• at the end of the gymnasium.
• the maturity examination upon completion of education in the lyceum.
central examination board and regional examination boards
‘Correction’ of the reform (2001)
The first decisions of the Government
• delay for 3 years of the introduction ‘new matura’
• structure of the upper secondary education - (technika) would survive
The structure of the school education introduced in 2001 345
0 6I 7II 8III 9IV 10V 11VI 12
I 13II 14III 15
I 16II 17III 18
IV 19
Pre-school education
"zero" class
primary school
Lower secondary Gymnasium
General second.
Second. vocat.
Basic vocat.
Profiled lyceum
PISA 2000, 2003
2000 2003
average 479 497
less than 400 21.4% 15%
more than 600 10.6% 13.7%
variance within schools 63% 83.3%
PISA 2000
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
General secondary Secondaryvocational
Basic vocational POLAND
perc
ent
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
poin
ts (5
00 -
OE
CD
ave
rage
)
Percentage of the students with the score below 400
Percentage of the students the score beyond 600
Average student score (points)
23%
30%
34%
41% 42%43%
32%
27%
15%12%
34%
38%39%
45%46%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
1990/1991 1995/1996 1998/1999 2002/2003 2003/2004
General secondary basic vocational secondary vocational
Students in (upper) secondary schools %
Number of students
0
500
1 000
1 500
2 000
2 500
3 000
3 500
1990/1991 1995/1996 1998/1999 2002/2003 2003/2004
General secondary basic vocational secondary vocational
post-secondary Schools for adults
New ‘Matura’ the backbone of the reform
• External examinations
• objective tool for the evaluation of student's and school achievements
• quality assurance
Percentage of passed Matura (types of schools)
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2005 2006 2007
General Profiled Vocational