FEBRUARY 2013Vol. 36, No. 2

Also in this issue: EW Careers: Riding Uncertainty

SIGINT for Special Mission Aircraft

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NewsThe Monitor 13

Army Defi nes New EW Planning and Management Tool Requirements.

Washington Report 18AOC Focuses on EW Advocacy With Renewed Government Affairs Initiative.

World Report 19SIGINT-Equipped EuroHawk Logs First Flight, Order from South Korea.

FeaturesSIGINT For Special

Mission Aircraft 20John Haystead and John KnowlesThe demand for airborne SIGINT collection has been growing, and companies are leveraging new technologies and creating new solutions to meet the demand. Can SIGINT stay on top of the emitters?

EW Careers: Riding Out the Uncertainty 29Elaine RichardsonWith sequestration on the way, uncertainty and confusion is driving much of the defense marketplace. JED takes a look at what this means for the employment prospects of current and incoming EW professionals, and offers some tips on how to keep yourself in the game as the rules keep changing.

Departments 6 The View From Here

8 Conferences Calendar

10 Courses Calendar

12 From the President

32 Book Review

33 EW 101

36 AOC News

41 Index of Advertisers

42 JED Quick Look

February 2013 Volume 36, Issue 2

Cover photo courtesy of PEO IEW&S, US Army.

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NEEDED: SENIOR ADVOCACY

t h e v i e wf rom here

As JED was going to press, some of the top EW leaders in the DOD were scheduled to participate in an EW roundtable on the February 3 edi-tion of This Week in Defense News. I am looking forward to watching the event because it includes an excellent line up: COL Jim Ekvall (US Army), Col James Pryor (US Air Force), CAPT Gregg Smith (US Navy) and LtCol Jason Schuette (US Marine Corps).

I am always delighted when EW professionals have an opportunity to reach an audience beyond the EW community, and I applaud Vago Muradian for arranging an EW roundtable on his show. At the same time, however, this line-up of EW leaders illustrates one of the biggest challenges facing the EW community: among the Services, our most senior EW leaders are O-5s and O-6s. I should note that US Strategic Command has recently stood up a new Joint EMS Operations Organiza-tion with Brigadier General, Richard J. Evans, in command. This is a start, but it does not penetrate into the Services. Without more general officers leading at the top of its EW organizations, the US EW community will struggle to evolve at a time when US fighting forces are becoming more dependent on access to and control of the EM Domain.

Why does EW need senior advocacy today? Arent we coming off of two wars in which EW was widely identified as a critical capability? Yes, we are, but those lessons will soon be forgotten or ignored without senior EW leaders who can reach into the DOD leadership on a daily basis. Today, EW leaders need to wait for an invitation in order to engage with the top levels of DOD leadership. Those invita-tions will become less frequent as NATO forces complete their withdrawal from Afghanistan and the DOD leadership focuses on austere budgets and tough pro-gram decisions over the next several years. Following the pattern of the 1990s, EW programs could go from must have status to attractive bill payers in just a few years.

This summer marks the five-year anniversary of the Joint EW Centers EW Capabilities Based Assessment (CBA), which identified 34 critical gaps across the DODs EW enterprise. The number one gap identified in this study: lack of senior leadership. Without senior leaders, EW will never achieve the kind of advocacy that its needs to address most of the other 33 gaps in the EW CBA.

It is time for EW to make a leap forward and improve its standing in the DOD instead of languishing for another decade as it did in the 1990s. We need advoca-cy, and that means we need general officers in our senior leadership. J. Knowles

FEBRUARY 2013 Vol. 36, No. 2

EDITORIAL STAFFEditor: John KnowlesManaging Editor: Elaine RichardsonSenior Editor: John Haystead Technical Editor: Ollie HoltContributing Writers: Dave Adamy, Barry ManzMarketing & Research Coordinator: Heather McMillenSales Administration: Chelsea Johnston

EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARDMr. Tom ArseneaultVice President for Product Sector and Chief Technology Officer, BAE Systems Inc.Mr. Gabriele Gambarara Elettronica S.p.A.CAPT John Green Commander, EA-6B Program Office (PMA-234), NAVAIR, USN Mr. Micael JohanssonSenior Vice President and Head of Business Area, Electronic Defence Systems, SaabMr. Mark KulaVice President, Tactical Airborne Systems, Raytheon Space and Airborne SystemsCol Steve LingDirector, Joint Electronic Warfare Center, US Strategic CommandLTC James LooneyChief, Electronic Warfare Division, Directorate of Training and Doctrine, Fires Center of Excellence, US Army CAPT Paul OverstreetJoint Strike Fighter Weapons System Program Manager, Naval Air Systems Command, USN Mr. Jeffrey PalomboSenior VP and GM, Land and Self-Protection Systems Division, Electronic Systems, Northrop Grumman Corp.Col Jim PryorChief, Electronic Warfare, Operational Capability RequirementsHeadquarters, USAFMr. Steve RobertsVice President, Strategy, Selex GalileoMr. Rich SorellePresident, Electronic Systems Division, ExelisGp Capt P.J. WallaceChief of Staff, Joint Air Land Organisation, UK MODDr. Richard WittstruckDirector, System of Systems Engineering, PEO Intelligence, Electronic Warfare and Sensors, USA

PRODUCTION STAFFLayout & Design: Barry SenykAdvertising Art: Christina OConnorContact the Editor: (978) 509-1450, JEDeditor@naylor.comContact the Sales Manager:(800) 369-6220 or sales@crows.org

Subscription Information: Please contact Glorianne ONeilin at (703) 549-1600 or e-mail oneilin@crows.org.

The Journal of Electronic Defense is published for the AOC by

Naylor, LLC5950 NW 1st PlaceGainesville, FL 32607Phone: (800) 369-6220 Fax: (352) 331-3525www.naylor.com

2013 Association of Old Crows/Naylor, LLC. All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced by any means, in whole or in part, without the prior written authorization of the publisher.

Editorial: The articles and editorials appearing in this magazine do not represent an official AOC position, except for the official notices printed in the Association News section or unless specifically identified as an AOC position.

PUBLISHED FEBRUARY 2013/JED-M0213/8689

CREW Duke

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FEBRUARY

Aero India 2013February 6-10Bengaluru, Indiawww.aeroindia.in

AFA Air Warfare SymposiumFebruary 20-22Orlando, FLwww.afa.org

MARCH

Dixie Crow Symposium 39March 24-28Warner Robins, GAwww.dixiecrow.org

Langkawi International Maritime & Aerospace Exhibition (LIMA)March 26-30Langkawi, Malaysiawww.lima.com.my

APRIL

Navy League Sea-Air-SpaceApril 8-10National Harbor, MDwww.seaairspace.org

LAAD Defence & Security 2013April 10-12Rio de Janeiro, Brazilhttp://laadexpo.com.br

2013 Palmetto Roost Cyber Defense Competition April 13-14Charleston, SCwww.palmettoroost.org

AOC Capitol Club: EW Symposium Onboard Countermeasures TechnologyApril 17Washington, DChttp://aoccapitolclub.com/

SPIE Defense, Security and SensingApril 29-May 3Baltimore, MDhttp://spie.org

MAY

EW SymposiumMay 21-24NAS Whidbey Island, WA

AOC EW Europe 2013May 28-30Cologne, Germanywww.crows.org

JUNE

IEEE International Microwave SymposiumJune 2-7Seattle, WAwww.ims2013.org

AOC Kittyhawk WeekJune 3-6Dayton, OHwww.kittyhawkaoc.org

4th Annual EW, IO and Cyber Capabilities ConferenceJune 4-6Charleston, SCwww.crows.org

Paris Air ShowJune 17-23Paris, Francewww.paris-air-show.com

AOC EW Asia 2013June 26-27Kuala Lumpur, Malaysiawww.crows.org a

c a l e n d a r c o n f e r e n c e s & t r a d e s h o w s

Items in red denote AOC Headquarters or AOC Global Connections events. Items in blue denote AOC Chapter events.

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The AOC is soliciting original, unclassied, technical papers for the 50th International Symposium and Convention to be held October 27-30, 2013 in Washington, DC

Papers should follow the symposium theme: Proud LegacyStrong Future

Submission Deadline is May 15, 2013

Submission Information: E-mail the following information to the AOC Convention Abstracts Review Committee at callforpapers@crows.org

Title of proposed paperName of presenter and organization representedOne or two short paragraphs describing the scope

of the paperOne or two short paragraphs describing the

credibility of the presenter on this subject.

www.crows.org/conventions/call-for-papers-2013.html

CONVENTION CALL FOR PAPERS

EXHIBIT & SPONSORSHIP OPPORTUNITIES Dont forget to reserve your booth space

and sponsorship at the 50th AnnualAOC International Symposium andConvention, October 27-30, 2013, inWashington DC!

The Annual AOC InternationalSymposium and Convention is theleading trade event of the globalElectronic Warfare and SignalsIntelligence market. Across the globe,governments spend more than $7 billionper year on EW and SIGINT equipmentand services. How do companies (fromsystems manufacturers to subsystem andcomponent suppliers) reach theircustomers in this unique market? They exhibit & sponsor at the AOCConvention!

BOOK YOUR BOOTH TODAY!

www.crows.org/conventions/exhibit-information-2013.html

A S S O C I A T I O N O F O L D C R O W S

Submit Your AbstractNOW!

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FEBRUARY

DRFM Executive OverviewFebruary 6Atlanta, GAwww.pe.gatech.edu

Introduction to Radar and Electronic WarfareFebruary 12-15Alexandria, VAwww.crows.org

EW and ISR Basics Short CourseFebruary 26-27Warner Robins, GA

MARCH

Radar Cross Section ReductionMarch 11-13Atlanta, GAwww.pe.gatech.edu

Aircraft SurvivabilityMarch 11-15Shrivenham, Oxfordshire, UKwww.www.cranfi eld.ac.uk

Essentials of 21st Century Electronic WarfareMarch 12-15Alexandria, VAwww.crows.org

Modeling & Simulation of RF Electronic Warfare SystemsMarch 19-22Atlanta, GAwww.pe.gatech.edu

APRIL

Fundamental Principles of Electronic WarfareApril 9-12Alexandria, VAwww.crows.org

Basic RF Electronic Warfare ConceptsApril 16-18Atlanta, GAwww.pe.gatech.edu

Digital Radio Frequency Memory (DRFM) TechnologyApril 16-18Aurora, COwww.pe.gatech.edu

Directed Infrared Countermeasures: Technology, Modeling and TestingApril 16-18Atlanta, GAwww.pe.gatech.edu

Introduction to Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) Concepts, Systems, and Test & EvaluationApril 16-19Atlanta, GAwww.pe.gatech.edu

MAY

Infrared CountermeasuresMay 7-10Atlanta, GAwww.pe.gatech.edu

Electronic Warfare CommunicationsMay 14-16Shrivenham, Oxfordshire, UKwww.www.cranfi eld.ac.uk

Developing Radio Frequency (RF) Prototype HardwareMay 21-23Atlanta, GAwww.pe.gatech.edu

JUNE

Basic RF Electronic Warfare ConceptsJune 18-20Las Vegas, NVwww.pe.gatech.edu

JULY

Basic RF Electronic Warfare ConceptsJuly 30-August 1Denver, COwww.pe.gatech.edu a

c a l e n d a r c o u r s e s & s e m i n a r s

AOC courses are noted in red. For more info or to register, visit www.crows.org.

617462_Emhiser.indd 1 12/18/12 1:08:24 PM

EW EUROPE 2013Advancing Electronic Warfare & Electromagnetic Spectrum Operations

MAY 28-30 // COLOGNE, GERMANY

LEARN MORE AT WWW.CROWS.ORG OR VISIT WWW.EWEUROPE.COM.

Electronic Warfare Europe is an unrivalled forum discussing the latest in EW across land, maritime, air/space and EM environments including capabilities such as ISTAR and SIGINT. Intelligence Workshop on May 28 (sponsored by Plath GmbH). EW Conference and Exhibition May 29-30, 2013.

Future operations will be conducted in congested and contested environments across the spectrum of conict in hot spots around the world in cyberspace, counter-piracy, and against terrorism everywhere. The changes necessary to move from counter insurgency (COIN) to contingency operations will be a challenge especially for EW and EMO. Successive defense spending cuts have also created new challenges, yet the need for accurate and timely information has never been greater and the requirement to counter potential adversaries systems through EW is growing.

EW Europe gives you the opportunity to... + View the full capability of the international EW industry

+ Discover the latest developments in thinking, products and services - learn and take home new ideas that will improve performance

+ Touch and see the future of EW with the help of our international exhibitors

+ Make new contacts Its the major meeting point for the global EW industry at this time of year

+ Network with every element of the EW supply chain

+ Participate in information sharing

+ TO BE ON THE AGENDA! If youre interested in being a speaker, the deadline for abstracts is March 1. Visit www.crows.org or www.eweurope.com for more information.

With the widest ranging attendance of any EW gathering in the world and an exhibition showcasing the latest technology, tools and equipment all under one roof, this is an opportunity not to be missed.

W E W E L C O M E Y O U T O C O M E A N D M E E T T H E L E A D E R S A N D O P E R AT O R S A C R O S S G O V E R N M E N T, D E F E N S E A N D

I N D U S T R Y T H AT A R E S H A P I N G T H E F U T U R E O F E W.

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m e s s a g e

The AOC serves as the international advocate for electromagnetic spec-trum operations and associated capabilities in all operational domains. It is important that every member leverage opportunities to tell the elec-tronic warfare and electromagnetic spectrum operations story, particu-larly in todays budget environment.

While the formal AOC organization normally focuses on decision-makers in capi-tal cities around the world, the AOCs most effective tools to inform, educate and advocate in support of spectrum and information policy, plans and programs are its members. Chapters can organize events that bring together government and industry to collaborate on topics of mutual interest, and individual members can facilitate similar discussions in their own workplace.

For maximum effectiveness, it is useful for AOCs messages to be coherent and consistent, so facilitating their coordination is one of the most critical roles for the international organization. These messages are highlighted in Journal of Electronic Defense (JED) articles every month, and members can find these key messages readily available for their use on the AOC website. The board recently approved five overarching messages for AOC advocacy:

Electronic Warfare (EW) and Electromagnetic Spectrum Ops (EMSO) are an in-creasingly important part of US and allied national security strategies.

EW and EMSO capabilities are key enablers for all military operations, from ir-regular warfare to major combat campaigns.

Military operations are increasingly dependent upon advanced technologies; but counter-capabilities are becoming available to a wide range of competitors.

Relatively permissive spectrum environments have led to complacency about the need to resource EW.

Freedom of Action is lost without proper EMS control.As spectrum and information professionals, these messages are obvious to us;

however, they are not widely understood outside the AOC community. Therefore, it is important that every AOC member look for opportunities to inform, educate, and (where appropriate) advocate the critical importance of spectrum and information as a cornerstone of national security. Your own personal stories will carry more weight than any generic narrative.

For example, you can explain how important spectrum control is to the counter- IED effort. You can convey experiences where spectrum use by one military orga-nization impeded anothers to the detriment of both. You can discuss competitor capabilities to inject false information through spectrum into radar, navigation, and communications systems, and highlight that most of these technologies can be readily purchased over the Internet. Almost every member can vividly describe the technology obsolescence on key electronic warfare platforms.

To conclude, virtually all of us have experienced degraded capabilities due to loss of spectrum control. Tell your story, and ensure that your colleagues and repre-sentatives in government understand the importance of electromagnetic spectrum operations and the need to resource them properly! Lt Gen Bob Elder, USAF (Ret.)

Association of Old Crows1000 North Payne Street, Suite 200

Alexandria, VA 22314-1652Phone: (703) 549-1600

Fax: (703) 549-2589

PRESIDENTRobert Elder

VICE PRESIDENTWayne Shaw

SECRETARYRobin Vanderberry

TREASURERCharles Benway

AT-LARGE DIRECTORSMichael Oates

David HimeTony LisuzzoLisa FrugRon Hahn

Robin VanderburyTodd Caruso

Vickie GreenierPaul Westcott

REGIONAL DIRECTORSSouthern: Wes Heidenreich

Central: Joe KoestersNortheastern: Charles Benway

Mountain-Western: John WikheimMid-Atlantic: Douglas Lamb

Pacific: Joe HulseyInternational I: Robert AndrewsInternational II: Gerry Whitford

IO: Al Bynum

AOC STAFFDon Richetti

Executive Directorrichetti@crows.org

Mike DolimDirector, Educationdolim@crows.org

Shelley FrostDirector, Logistics frost@crows.org

Glorianne ONeilinDirector, Member

Servicesoneilin@crows.org

Brock SheetsDirector, Marketingsheets@crows.org

John CliffordDirector,

Global Programsclifford@crows.org

Stew TaylorExhibits Managertaylor@crows.org

Tanya MillerMember and Chapter

Support Managertmiller@crows.org

Jennifer BahlerRegistrar

bahler@crows.org

Keith JordanIT Manager

jordan@crows.org

Glenda M. Reyes-Montanez

Business Managerreyes-montanez@

crows.org

Tasha MillerMembership Assistanttashamiller@crows.org

Miranda FulkLogistics Coordinator

fulk@crows.org

Lauren StewartLogistics Coordinatorstewart@crows.org

Bridget WhydeMarketing/

Communications Assistant

whyde@crows.org

f rom the pres ident

TELL THE SPECTRUM-INFORMATION STORY

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2013

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t h e m o n i t o rnews

ARMY DEFINES NEW EW PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT TOOL REQUIREMENTS The Army has released the request

for proposals (RFP) for Increment 1 of its Integrated Electronic Warfare System (IEWS) Electronic Warfare Planning and Management Tool (EWPMT).

Focused on the Brigade Combat Team (BCT), IEWS is intended to provide com-manders from corps to company with an organic EW capability to control and exploit the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS). Specifically, the Increment 1, or EWPMT, component of IEWS will give the Armys EW officers (EWOs) a powerful toolset to plan, coordinate, manage and de-conflict unit EW activities in support of maneuver operations.

The EWPMT software will run on a laptop workstation within the Common Operating Environment (COE) Command Post Computing Environment (CPCE) and on one or more presentation-layer wid-gets running on client laptops linked via a Local Area Network (LAN). The sys-tem will use standardized infrastructure software and common software compo-nents. A government-supplied system in-ternetworking specification will be used to communicate between separate EW control nodes and workstations as well as for communications with EW assets.

The newly released specification fo-cuses on Capability Drop (CD) 1 of the EWPMT requirement, which will comprise the systems initial operational capability (IOC). CD1 provides software to integrate data for friendly, enemy, and non-aligned emitters; and for the planning and man-agement of EW capabilities across the range of military operations. It also re-duces the risk of electromagnetic fratri-cide by identifying potential frequency conflicts between friendly systems.

The scope of the new capability en-visioned for the EWPMT can be seen in the detailed performance characteris-tics and functions that must be met by the CD1 increment in particular, the

amount and types of data to be col-lected, managed and integrated by the system. For example, the system must be able to import data from a wide range of government and DOD databases and in various military specification formats. These include digital terrain elevation data (DTED), light detection and ranging (LIDAR), terrain imagery and map data, spectrum data, electromagnetic operat-ing environment (EMOE) data, as well as weather data from the Distributed Com-mon Ground System (DCGS-A), including temperature, precipitation and wind data which are required inputs for operational planning and/or propagation modeling.

The system must also have the ca-pability to import air tasking orders

(ATO) published by the Air and Space Operations Center including EW plat-form information such as platform type, mission location, time on station, and asset(s) the EW platform is supporting. It will also import EW request forms in-cluding Joint Tactical Air Strike Request (JTASR) and Electronic Attack Request Forms (EARF) issued from lower and ad-jacent echelons.

The EWPMT will also import friendly, enemy and neutral EW asset information including position/location, system ca-pabilities, RF parameters, system avail-ability information, and information on EW techniques.

To aid EWOs in formulating electronic attack (EA) plans, the system will be in-teroperable with and able to import en-emy target information, including target tracking information, from systems that publish to the data dissemination service (DDS) including Force XXI Battle Command Brigade and Below (FBCB2), Global Com-mand and Control System Army (GCCS-A), Command Post of the Future (CPOF), Air and Missile Defense Workstation

SECURITY OF DEPLOYED FORCES. Wherever in the world, situations arise in which interventionsinevitably have to be made and force has to be applied, all while trying to avoid collateral damage.Thousands of soldiers depend on the quality of their training and the reliability of their equipment. Weare proud that partners around the globe have selected us for our outstanding capabilities to protectarmed forces in these con ict ]ones. www.cassidian.com

MAJOR CONFLICTS WORLDWIDE: SOLDIERS IN ACTION: 530,000 ONE PARTNER FOR SECURITY SO

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(AMDWS), Advanced Field Artillery Tacti-cal Data System (AFATDS), as well as DCGS-A enemy target information.

Specific emitter data parameters for enemy emitters will be available to mis-sion planners, including output power as a function of frequency and trans-

mit mode; peak antenna gain values, antenna pointing angle; peak effec-tive radiated power (ERP); 3dB antenna beamwidth values; antenna polariza-tion; in-band and out-of-band emitter spectrum characteristics; and modula-tion type. The system will also include

all available enemy receiver parameters, including sensitivity value; jammer-to-signal (J/S) threshold; IF filter data; and 1 dB saturation level.

Included as part of its mission planning capabilities, the EWPMT will automatically identify threats (and the

t h e m o n i t o r | n e w s

ARMY ISSUES RFI FOR NEW UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEM EW CAPABILITIESThe US Army Communications-Electronic Research, De-

velopment and Engineering Center (CERDEC), Intelligence and Information Warfare Directorate (I2WD) and Program Manager Electronic Warfare (PM EW) have issued a request for information (RFI) for unmanned aerial system (UAS) electronic warfare (EW) capabilities. The RFI is aimed at determining what systems, capabilities and techniques currently exist, or could be modified, as well as longer term concepts, that can help provide Army commanders with or-ganic UAS-based EW capabilities including potential surgi-cal/targeted EW techniques (with emphasis on successful completion of an airborne electronic attack [AEA] mission).

The RFI requests information regarding the extent to which systems have been integrated, flight tested and eval-uated for performance; technology and integration readi-ness levels; and descriptions of potential system CONOPS, mission scenario vignettes, and effective operational al-

titude/ranges taking into account the available power of Group 1 to 3 UAS platforms.

It also seeks information on the techniques and technol-ogy to be utilized to mitigate out-of-band interference and de-conflict with use of Blue Force communication and intel-ligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) collection; as well as descriptions of methods and software tools used for command and control and monitoring of the payload via graphical user interfaces (GUI), the knowledge and experi-ence of UAS payload ground control station (GCS) opera-tions and processing exploitation and dissemination (PED) and how it relates to the EW officer.

The solicitation number is: W15P7T-13-R-A211. The point of contact is William Taylor, e-mail: usarmy.APG.cerdec.mbx.i2wd-co2-es-ea-rfi@mail.mil. The Army contracting office point of contact is Yanina Iantorno, (443) 861-4639. J. Haystead

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2013

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times and areas), where blue forces are vulnerable to EA, including radio con-trolled improvised electronic devices (RCIEDs) during planned missions. It will also compute alternative locations, frequencies, techniques, coverage and time requirements of organic EA as-sets in synchronization with friendly maneuver plans, as well as generate an EA plan that prioritizes high value targets.

An important element of the CD1 capability is the identification of EMS conflicts and prevention of potential system degradation, or fratricide, of friendly forces using the Joint Restrict-ed Frequency List (JFRL) when develop-ing EW plans. The system will also be able to display simulated effects us-ing defined measures of effectiveness (MOEs) and measures of performance (MOPs) to help predict mission outcome and conduct after-action reviews.

Training is another important as-pect of the Armys EW mission, and the EWPMT will incorporate a training module to allow EW personnel to train both at home station and during de-

ployments. It will allow EWOs to utilize canned scenarios and to create train-ing scenarios to provide realistic and relevant training.

Future EWPMT capability drops (2-6) will incorporate additional display ca-pabilities, such as graphical display of friendly emitter interference, disrup-tion, and degradation; allow EW person-nel to transfer control of the EW mission resources to any echelon in order to pro-vide backup support; provide the capa-bility to conduct post mission analysis that will aid in determining mission ac-complishment; provide the capability to rapidly reconfigure organic EW assets; and provide reprogramming of organic EW assets and the ability to provide im-mediate targeting information to fires and maneuver elements.

Several companies, including BAE Systems, Exelis, Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, and Raytheon have expressed interest in the EWPMT devel-opment program, which is valued at $97 million for the initial phase. Proposals for the EWPMT development contract are due February 4. J. Haystead

GLOBAL HORIZONS STUDY SEEKS REVOLUTIONARY TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS

US Air Force Materiel Command has issued a request for information (RFI) for near-, mid- and far-term science and technology (S&T) research, operational concepts and mission support innova-tions for possible inclusion in its up-coming Global Horizons Science and Technology study. The Global Horizons study is aimed at the creation of an integrated, Air Force-wide, S&T vision to advance revolutionary capabilities to support core Air Force missions, in-cluding nuclear deterrence operations, air superiority, space superiority, cyber-space superiority, command and control (C2), global integrated intelligence, sur-veillance and reconnaissance (GIISR), global precision attack, Special Op-erations, rapid global mobility, person-nel recovery and agile combat support (ACS). Revolutionary capabilities are defined as those S&T areas that provide 10x to 100x, as opposed to incremental (

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To meet its objective of assured global advantage across the air, space and cyberspace domains, the Air Force has identified a number of spe-cific technology areas that must be advanced. For the air domain, these include stealth, propulsion, air vehicle design and subsystem integration, test and evaluation in contested environ-ments across the entire acquisition lifecycle, software for guidance, navi-gation and control as well as electronic warfare, secure air-to-air and air-to-

ground communications and data links, advanced communications and data-links for network-enabled weapons, an-ti-tamper technologies, self-protection and warning, encryption, survivability against high power microwave (HPM) or directed energy threats, autonomous operations, intelligent sensors, and the entire logistics systems.

For space, they include space launch, space born segments (including space-to-surface ISR), satellite ground control and data processing systems,

and end user receiving systems. And, in the cyber domain, the Air Force is interested in S&T and operational sup-port innovations that can assure mis-sions, dynamically map cyberspace with critical mission functions and provide integrated mission/cyber situ-ation awareness, including timely in-dications and warning. Analysis of commercial off-the-shelf technologies (COTS) to assess threats and vulnerabil-ities is also of interest, as are linkages between cyber and intelligence along with capabilities for the command and control of cyber assets.

The Air Force is also interested in in-tegrated, full spectrum solutions to in-clude cross-domain command, control, communications, cyber, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (C4ISR) and mission support/sustainment; with special interest in S&T that can provide game changers that will revolution-ize multiple classes of USAF operations or missions (e.g., autonomy promises cost, speed, and accuracy improvements across C2, ISR, and many operations in air, space, and cyberspace.)

The solicitation number is: RFI-RIK-13-01. The submission deadline is February 15. The primary point of contact is Lynn G. White, e-mail: Lynn.White@rl.af.mil. Phone: (315) 330-4996.

ARMY PLANS UPGRADE TO TRAINING CENTER SPECTRUM MONITORING SYSTEM

The US Army Program Executive Of-fice for Simulation, Training and In-strumentation (PEO STRI) has issued an RFI for market research aimed at life-cycle replacement of the current Spectrum Monitoring and Engineering Control System (SMECS) located at the National Training Center (NTC), Fort Ir-win, CA. The SMECS monitors, measures and records all relevant NTC electro-magnetic emissions that may interfere with the NTC or other signals in the surrounding area.

The effort includes the procure-ment and installation of hardware and software components for continuous monitoring of the electromagnetic spec-trum (EMS) and direction finding (DF) of basic electromagnetic radiation pa-rameters, as well as initial spares, New

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Equipment Training (NET) and integra-tion/testing support.

The SMECS is comprised of two ele-ments. The Real Time Monitoring Fre-quency (RTMF) component consists of two remote, fixed-site locations con-trolled from a central Spectrum Man-agement Facility via fiber-optic link through the Range Monitoring and Control Subsystem (RMCS). The RTMF continuously monitors the electromag-netic environment over the 20-MHz to 40-GHz frequency range. The second DF component, covering the 20-MHz to 3-GHz frequency range, is also com-posed of two remote, fixed-site loca-tions controlled via the RMCS together with a mobile system installed in a NTC G6 HMMWV (V-30B) communica-tions shelter.

The project office is seeking contrac-tors with existing fielded capabilities currently in use in a military/govern-ment operational/training environment supporting the same or similar require-ments, and able to show evidence of being capable of meeting a 12-month-after-contract-award delivery schedule, with no development funding provided.

A draft set of technical documents and draft acquisition strategy informa-tion is expected to be released in Febru-ary, followed by an RFP in March, and contract award in June.

The solicitation number is: W900K-K13RFISMECS. The point of contact is Christopher Camp, (407) 208-3373, e-mail: Christopher.Camp@us.army.mil. The technical point of contact is Frank Lumley, e-mail: Frank.Lumley@us.army.mil. J. Haystead

IN BRIEFCobham (Lansdale, PA) has been

awarded a $31.7 million contract by Na-val Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) for additional AN/ALQ-99 low band trans-mitters (LBTs) for US Navy and Marine Corps EA-6B and EA-18G electronic at-tack aircraft. The contract funds the sixth full-rate production lot, and in-cludes the first installment of a two-part procurement for the Royal Australian Air Force, which is buying 12 EA-18Gs. The award brings the total number of ALQ-99 LBTs ordered to 314, with 230 units delivered to date.

Raytheon-BBN (Cambridge, MA) is being awarded an indefinite delivery-indefinite quantity (IDIQ), sole-source contract for the manufacturing, testing, and delivery of an Acoustic Hostile Fire Indicator (A-HFI) system by the US Spe-cial Operations Command (USSOCOM), Technology Applications Contracting Office (TAKO). The A-HFI will be inte-grated into existing SOAR(A) aircraft in-cluding the ARSOA AASE suite and CAAS mission computer system.

X-COM Systems (Reston, VA) has been awarded a $3.5 million Firm Fixed Price contract by the Army Contract-ing Command Installation Division for a mobile and transportable RF record-ing/direction finding system and eight fixed-site spectrum monitoring and geo-locating system. The system will be provided to the US Army Aberdeen Test Center (ATC), at Aberdeen Prov-ing Ground, MD. The eight fixed site nodes will be capable of monitoring the RF spectrum coverage envelope (10 MHz to 18 GHz), with a selectable RF bandwidth of up to at least 20 MHz. The mobile platform will be able to autono-mously determine the direction to and location of many types of conventional

emitters of interest operating within the required coverage envelope (50 MHz to 18 GHz) using angle of arrival (AOA) methodology.

Northrop Grumman (Rolling Mead-ows, IL) has been awarded $7.2 million by Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) to exercise an option on a previously award-ed firm fixed price contract to procure 40 sensors, 20 upgrade processors and as-sociated technical data in support of the advanced threat missile warning (ATW) system, a subsystem of the Department of Navy Large Aircraft Infrared Counter-measures (LAIRCM) system.

BAE Systems (Nashua, NH) has re-ceived a $50.8 million firm fixed price contract from Naval Air Systems Com-mand (NAVAIR) for the procurement of full rate production lots 2 through 6 for the AN/ALE-55 Fiber Optic Towed Decoy (FOTD) and electronic frequency con-verter (EFC) systems for the Integrated Defensive Electronic Countermeasures (IDECM) Radio Frequency Countermea-sure (RFCM) program. The contract will consist of a base year with four options. Base year quantities are 46 EFCs and 282 FOTDs. a

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AOC FOCUSES ON EW ADVOCACY WITH RENEWED GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS INITIATIVE

The AOC has re-energized its government affairs program to help the EW community successfully navigate anticipated DOD budget cuts and introduce EW to a new freshman class of Congressmen and staffers on Capitol Hill.

The US Government has demonstrated a strong focus on EW over the past year. The Government Accountability Of-fice released two EW reports (GAO-12-479 and GAO-12-175), US Strategic Command has established the Joint Electromagnetic Operations (JEMSO) office and the OSD has tasked the Defense Science Board to address 21st Century Military Operations in a Complex Electromagnetic Environment in its 2013 summer study. The AOCs Government, Industry and Public Relation (GIPR) Committee, led by AOC board members Paul Westcott and Ron Fog Hahn, is engaging with several Government or-ganizations and offices to help build a better understanding of EW and EMS operations.

The main AOC messages in this effort are:1) EW and EMSO are an increasingly important part of US and

allied national security strategies;2) EW capabilities are key enablers for all military operations,

from irregular warfare to major combat campaigns;3) Military operations are increasingly dependent upon ad-

vanced technologies; but counter-capabilities are becoming available to a wide range of competitors; and

4) Relatively permissive electromagnetic operational environ-ments have led to complacency about the need to resource EW.The bottom line message is, Freedom of action is lost with-

out proper EMS control.In 2013, the AOC will focus on supporting and strengthen-

ing ties with the Congressional EW Working Group (EWWG). The AOC plans to encourage members of Congress with EW interests to join the EWWG; facilitate engagements between EWWG mem-bers and EW experts from DOD, think tanks and industry; and re-start the Capitol Hill Round-Up. J. Knowles

DOD READIES STTR SOLICITATIONThe DOD has issued a pre-solicitation list of tech-

nology study areas of interest to potentially receive 9-month Phase 1 Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) contracts. The Department issues two STTR so-licitations annually. Each contract award has a maxi-mum value of $150,000. The formal solicitation release date will be February 25, 2013 with proposals due Feb-ruary 27.

Solicitation topics provided by the Air Force in-clude: Decision Making under Uncertainty for Dy-namic Spectrum Access. The objective of this project is to research, develop, and evaluate

innovative algorithms and technologies to enhance perfor-mance of Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) decision making in conditions of uncertainty, such as non-existent spectrum us-age data, unknown antenna side-lobe patterns, and incomplete available satellite or earth station data set. The technical point of contact is Robert Bonneau, Phone: (703) 696-9545, e-mail: robert.bonneau@afosr.af.mil.

Topics provided by the Navy include Low-Cost-By-Design Mid-Wave Infrared Semiconductor Surface Emitting (SE) La-sers. The objective is to develop an innovative low-cost-by-design, power-scalable, chip-based platform solution that enables high-power surface emission from a single aperture with outstanding beam quality from either a single SE quan-tum cascade laser (QCL) or monolithic coherently, or spectrally beam-combined, SE QCL array at approximately 4.5 m range. The technical point of contact phone number is: (760) 939-0239.

Also: Gallium Nitride (GaN)-based High Efficiency Switch/Transistor for L-Band RF Power Amplifier Applications. The objective is to develop a Gallium Nitride (GaN)-based high ef-ficiency switch/transistor and demonstrate a high efficiency (>90% power added efficiency) solid state RF Power amplifier for the replacement of L-band radar vacuum electronic (VE) tube sources. The technical point of contact is: Paul Maki; e-mail: Paul.Maki@Navy.mil.

Also: Wide Spectral Band Laser Threat Sensor. The objec-tive is to develop a large dynamic range passive sensor capable of identifying and localizing laser sources over a wide spectral band from 500 nm to 11 m. The sensors should be capable of sensing irradiance levels from 1 mW/cm2 to 2 kW/cm2 with threat localization accuracy of one degree or better with a near hemispherical field of regard. The technical point of contact is: Lewis Desandre; e-mail: desandl@onr.navy.mil.

Army topics include: Solar-blind (Be, Mg) ZnO Photodetec-tors (260-285 nm wavelengths). The objective is to develop ZnO based UV photodetectors for the solar-blind detection window of 265-280 nm for various military applications. Ab-sorption data, contact resistance data, and p-doping should be measured and included in reports. The technical point of contact is: Michael Gerhold; Phone: 919-549-4357; e-mail: michael.d.gerhold.civ@mail.mil.

Also: Advanced Spectrally Selective Materials for Obscur-ant Applications. The objective is to develop a spectrally se-lective obscurant that can effectively block one area of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum while allowing other areas to pass through. Specific regions of interest are defined by Vis-ible, 0.4 to 0.7 um; Near Infrared, 0.7 1.2 m; Short Wave Infrared (SWIR), 1.5-2 m; Mid Infrared, 3.0 5.0 m; and

Far Infrared, 8.0-12 m. The technical point of contact is: Jim Shomo; Phone: (410) 436-3047; e-mail: Jim.Shomo@

us.army.mil. JED Staff a

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w o r l drepor t

IN BRIEF Thales (Paris, France) has opened a

Centre of Excellence (CoE) for Radar and Integrated Sensors in Singapore. The center represents a cooperative effort between the companys opera-tions in the Netherlands and Singapore and has a mission to increase the amount and speed of innovation in naval radar and integrated sensors by performing research and technology with Singapores research institutes, industry and defense organizations. The CoE also aims to accelerate solu-tions development and strengthen skill-sets in Singapore by developing local engineers.

India, whose representatives were in Paris last month as part of ongo-ing contract negotiations for 126 French-made Rafale fighter jets to fill its medium multi-role combat aircraft (MMRCA) need, is consid-ering an additional 63 jets for the program, according to published reports. The Rafale, made by Dassault Aviation, has seen increased atten-tion with Frances operations in Mali last month. The aircraft was selected by India in January 2012 as the pre-ferred solution to fill Indias fighter

jet replacement requirement. The original deal for 126 aircraft is worth about $11 billion. This total would increase by another $6 billion if the additional 63 aircraft are bought. The addition would offer a financial boost to Frances defense industry, though due to the terms of the contract, much of it would be shared with India, as only the first 18 aircraft would be manufactured in France and the next 108 would be assembled by Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. (HAL) in Bangalore. The first aircraft are scheduled for delivery three years after the contract is signed, though negotiations are still occurring. The Rafale is also in the running for sev-eral other fighter programs, includ-ing those in Brazil, Canada, Malaysia and the United Arab Emirates.

NIITEK (Dulles, VA) has won part of a contract to supply its ground-penetrating-radar-equipped Husky Mounted Detection System to the Spanish Army. The $20 million con-tract was awarded to a consortium that includes Critical Solutions International (CSI), maker of the Husky 2G, a two-seat variant of the

HUSKY, and Eleycon 21, a Spanish based company representing NIITEK and CSI in Spain. The Husky sys-tem detects buried mines and other objects, and is used extensively in Afghanistan for route clearance. Under the contract, NIITEK will receive $4.8 million to deliver six ground penetrating radar systems.

Saab (Jrflla, Sweden) has received an order worth about SEK 100 mil-lion from AugstaWestland for an undisclosed number of its Integrated Defensive Aids Suites (IDAS). The deal also includes integrated elec-tronic surveillance payloads (ESP) to provide direction finding and emit-ter location. IDAS combines radar warning, laser warning and missile approach warning sensors and cues the BOP-L countermeasures dis-penser. The ESP adds a lightweight electronic intelligence system for use in situational awareness, threat geolocation and emitter identifica-tion. Development and production will take place at Saabs facilities in Jrflla and at Saab Grintek in Centurion, South Africa. Deliveries are scheduled for 2013-2015. a

SIGINT-EQUIPPED EUROHAWK LOGS FIRST FLIGHT, ORDER FROM SOUTH KOREALast month, Northrop Grumman and Cassidian conducted

the first full system test flight of the EuroHawk unmanned air-craft system (UAS), at Manching Air Base in Germany. The two companies are developing the EuroHawk, which is equipped with a Cassidian-developed SIGINT suite, for the Luftwaffe.

The flight test flight is a milestone for the RQ-4E EuroHawk program, the international variant of Northrop Grummans RQ-4B Global Hawk. The EuroHawks SIGINT suite, which is fitted in the main fuselage and in six under-wing pods, performs both ELINT and COMINT collection. The system also includes a SIGINT ground station, also supplied by Cassidian, which re-ceives the EuroHawks ELINT and COMINT data and performs further processing, analysis and dissemination.

It is intended as a cost-effective replacement for Germanys fleet of manned Breguet Atlantic SIGINT aircraft, which were re-tired in 2010 after more than 30 years of service. But, no time-frame for the Euro Hawk to begin operations has been announced.

This unmanned SIGINT capability is attractive to a num-ber of nations with regional security concerns, including the Republic of Korea. In late December, South Korea requested the purchase of four RQ-4 Block 30 (I) Global Hawks from the US via Foreign Military Sales channels, including equipment, parts, training and logistical support with an estimated cost of $1.2 billion.

Koreas Global Hawk request included Raytheons Enhanced Integrated Sensor Suite (EISS) which includes an electro-op-tic/infrared camera, cloud-penetrating synthetic aperture ra-dar antenna with a ground moving target indicator, mission control element, launch recovery element, SIGINT package and imagery intelligence exploitation.

The request noted South Koreas specific need for the in-telligence and surveillance capabilities to assume primary re-sponsibility for intelligence gathering for the US-led Combined Forces Command starting in 2015. E. Richardson

Back in 1996, the US Army began for-mulating an acquisition plan to replace its fleet of RC-12 Guardrail signals intel-ligence (SIGINT) aircraft and its smaller fleet of RC-7 Airborne Reconnaissance Low (ARL) intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) aircraft. At the time, the RC-12 was the corps com-manders SIGINT workhorse, capable of performing communications intelli-gence (COMINT), direction finding (DF) and electronic intelligence (ELINT). The most advanced RC-7 the ARL-Multifunction (ARL-M) had a limited COMINT and DF capability that was used to cue the EO/IR sensors and the syn-thetic aperture radar (SAR). This multi-INT sensor suite made these aircraft extremely valuable to commanders, who were becoming ever hungrier for tactical visual imagery.

The Armys plan was to replace these two aircraft types with a single multi-INT model that combined the RC-12s SIGINT capabilities with the RC-7s EO/IR and SAR characteristics. The new aircraft, known as the Aerial Common Sensor (ACS), would feature new SIGINT, electro-optic and infrared (EO/IR), syn-thetic aperture radar (SAR) and moving target indicator (MTI) sensors, with the possible addition of a hyperspectral sen-sor in a future spiral. The ACS was to send intercept data, via a satellite com-munications link, to US-based intelli-gence organizations. Other SIGINT data, such as emitter location and identifica-tion information would be downlinked to in-theater intelligence processing stations for dissemination to ground commanders. According to the Armys plan at the time, all of the RC-7s and RC-

12s would eventually be retired as the ACS fleet grew to full strength.

However, the original ACS program hit a snag in 2001 when the aircrafts COMINT payload, the Joint SIGINT Avi-onics Family Low-Band Subsystem (JSAF LBSS) ran into problems during develop-ment. The JSAF LBSS was being devel-oped by the Air Force as a joint service solution for a number of SIGINT aircraft programs, and the US Army had some of

the most demanding COMINT require-ments that the LBSS would need to meet. The cancelation of the LBSS pro-gram forced ACS back to the drawing board in 2002. The delay brought new political pressure for a joint Army-Navy ACS program and a subsequent compro-mise to use a business jet platform that could offer longer range and more on-station time than the Army requirement specified. By 2004, the Army and Navy

By John Haystead and John Knowles

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had selected a Lockheed Martin team, which had proposed an Embraer ERJ 145 jet to carry the various sensors and sev-eral mission crew members that would operate from on-board workstations, as they do on the Navys EP-3E Aries air-craft. This time around, however, the contractor team could not fit the multi-INT mission suite into the aircraft, and the ACS procurement was cancelled in early 2006. This drove the Army to pur-

sue a new round of RC-12 upgrades in order to maintain its SIGINT capability, part of which resulted in the RC-12X air-craft the Army is using today.

However, the goal of fielding a new multi-INT aircraft was not dead. In fact, by the time the Army cancelled the ACS in 2006, the fight against remote con-trolled improvised explosive devices (RCIEDs) in Iraq and Afghanistan was at its peak and would show how criti-cal the Armys multi-INT airborne ISR requirement was. That year, the DOD stood up Task Force ODIN (Observe, De-tect, Identify, Neutralize) to take on the challenge of finding, tracking and killing the networks of insurgents who were building, burying and detonating the IEDs. The Army and Air Force rap-idly modified a variety of manned and unmanned aircraft and fitted them with different combinations of SIGINT, EO/IR and SAR payloads. Hawker Beechcraft RC-12s were modified into ISR variants such as the Aerial Reconnaissance Multi-Sensor (ARMS) and Medium Alti-tude Reconnaissance and Surveillance System II (MARSS II). The Air Force also fielded the Project Liberty MC-12W air-craft, which was fitted with COMINT and EO/IR sensors. These aircraft, along with other ODIN assets that could track and engage insurgents, helped prevent many RCIED attacks that were being planned and also helped to take the RCIED fight into the insurgents networks.

Out of this experience, a new program evolved known as the Enhanced Medium Altitude Reconnaissance and Surveil-lance System (EMARSS). EMARSS is an airborne intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance platform intended to

provide near-real-time, detailed battle-field information to brigade-level tacti-cal forces, day or night in all weather conditions. EMARSS aircraft, designated MC-12S, are modified Hawker Beechcraft King Air 350ERs. Among its onboard sensors, the EMARSS carries a Wescam MX-15 EO/IR full-motion video system and a signals intelligence SIGINT system connected by satellite datalink to the Armys ground-based intelligence da-tabase, or Distributed Common Ground System Army (DCGS-A). The EMARSS platforms will also be equipped with an aerial precision guidance system, tac-tical communications suites, operator workstations and a self-protection suite.

The original EMARSS requirement was for 36 aircraft, and the EMD contract was awarded to Boeing in December of 2010. The contract included the initial four EMD aircraft as well as an option for two additional EMD aircraft and two further options for four and then two additional LRIP aircraft, providing for a potential total of 12 aircraft. That pro-curement goal seemed to be cut down in February 2012, when the Army released its 2013 budget proposal that did not ask for funding beyond the initial four aircraft. The Army now hopes to buy ad-ditional EMARSS aircraft, but its plans are in limbo due to ongoing DOD budget uncertainty and the possibility of se-vere budget cuts over the next decade.

According to LTC Dean Hoffman, EMARSS Product Manager within PEO Intelligence EW & Sensors (IEW&S), EMARSS is a funded Army program of record, with funding provided in the FY2013 Presidential budget to complete four EMD models. A further $70.6 mil-

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Each year AOCs membership determines the future of the association by electing representatives to its Board of Directors. Nominations for the 2013 election are being accepted now. The deadline is March 1.

The election will begin on July 1, 2013 and will end on July 31, 2013.

The 2013 election slate will include the position of President-Elect, who

will serve as Vice President in 2014 and as President in 2015. The AOC

President appoints the Associations Secretary and Treasurer, presides over

the Board of Directors and Executive Committee and appoints committee

chairs. The President is also the AOCs primary spokesperson, visiting AOC

chapters across the world and meeting with leaders in the Electronic Warfare

community. This is a signicant but rewarding commitment.

The 2013 election slate will also include three At Large Director positions.

At Large directors serve a three-year term. In addition, Regional Directors will

be elected for three-year terms from the International I, International II and

Information Operations Regions. If you want to nominate for than one person,

please duplicate the form.

Nomination packets must be received at AOC headquarters by close-of-

business on March 1, 2013. Nomination Forms are also available on the AOC

website at www.crows.org or by contacting Glenda Reyes-Montanez at

reyes-montanez@crows.org.

GLENDA REYES-MONTANEZ // AOC Election Coordinator Ofce: (703) 549-1600 // Fax: (703) 549-2589 // Email: reyes-montanez@crows.org

For any questions or assistance, please contact:

NOMINATIONS FOR THE 2013 AOC BOARD OF DIRECTORS

lion for the purchase of two additional EMD aircraft is in the works, although it depends on Congress passing a defense budget for FY2013.

According to Lieutenant Colonel Hoff-man, the current intent is to be ready to execute a Milestone C review some-time in mid FY2014. Weve already done a lot of upfront risk reduction on the platform and program, including testing at our Joint Test and Integration Facil-ity (JTIF) [at Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD]. Weve been able to demonstrate our ability to integrate our sensors into the DCGS-A architecture, which is critical to making sure that the platform will meet the G-2s 2020 vision of maximizing ca-pabilities by integrating multiple ISR sensors into the intelligence architec-ture to enhance awareness.

As far as the longer term prospects for the program, though the FY2014 Presidential Budget has not yet been released to Congress, LTC Hoffman ob-serves that there is, based on analysis of requirements, still a strong require-ment for ISR support in the future, espe-cially from the G-2, so we do believe that

once this budget is released, that there will be a future for the program.

CHOICES AND TRADE-OFFSThe US Armys experience with the

ACS and EMARSS programs shows how difficult it can be to advance airborne ISR capability. However, it also serves to highlight the complex choices and trade-offs for any buyer even an expe-rienced ISR customer like the US Army that is trying to acquire an advanced airborne SIGINT capability.

Todays airborne ISR market offers a wide range of options, but the grow-ing list of choices can seem daunting. Manned or unmanned aircraft? Onboard and/or off-board information process-ing? Payload weight? Range, dash speed and on-station time? Dedicated SIGINT aircraft or multi-mission? Will the SIGINT system be used to intercept, collect and record radar and communi-cations transmissions? Will it be used to identify and geolocate emitters? If so, will geolocation be done via multiple aircraft in a networked constellation or with a single aircraft?

For each of these choices, the menu of options is growing because of technology advances in several areas, including new aircraft types, especially UAVs; the evo-lution of open architectures in mission systems; smaller SIGINT systems, EO/IR sensors and radars; robust datalinks; and multi-purpose operator consoles, to name a few. The integration of SIGINT systems onto all types of platforms has actually become easier due to the fact that the sensors that are available today are smaller, lighter and use less power, which all place less requirements on the airborne platform, says Christo Pelster, director of SIGINT Business Develop-ment for Saabs Security and Defense So-lutions Business Area. The availability of broadband encrypted data links also

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2013

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allows on-board operators and mission consoles to be exchanged for extra fuel, thereby extending mission durations for smaller platforms.

The once expensive task of inte-grating new ISR sensors into a mission system also is becoming easier, as ex-pensive and inflexible proprietary sys-tem architectures are being replaced by more flexible approaches. System scalability is an import aspect of new system designs, says John Payne, pres-ident of Esterlines Eclipse Electronic Systems, which makes COMINT receiv-ers. Improvements in high-speed data interconnections over 10- and 40-Gig Ethernet now allow the front ends of sensor systems to be decoupled from high-performance sensor data process-ing. Thus, for SIGINT, RF components can be located wherever they need to be for optimum performance, and pro-cessing can be located wherever is best for a given system, all connected by IP LAN. Its easy to conceive of aircraft re-configurable for SIGINT by installing standard (size and footprint) pods with antennas and RF gear and 19-in. roll-aboard racks for onboard processing. Also, wireless system interconnection feasibility is being demonstrated on most domestic airlines every day with WiFi available to passengers. Open stan-dards defining hardware and software system components are vital to ensure interoperability between various system configurations targeted to a specific class of aircraft. And, its important to understand that many of these open standards are driven more from the commercial communications and enter-tainment markets versus internally by the defense market.

These trends are enabling some air-borne ISR providers to create a diverse range of solutions. Lockheed Martins Dragon ISR family and Saabs AIRTRAC-ER family are two such examples. The Dragon ISR family includes six config-urations that range from the top-end Dragon Scout, which can be hosted on a large business aircraft, to the roll-on/roll-off Dragon Shield palette, to the Dragon Star, which can be integrated into a pod. The company even provides Dragon ISR solutions as a contracted service to governments with short-term

needs. In mid-2012, Italy opted for a Dragon ISR service contract that pro-vides Lockheed Martins Airborne Multi-INT Laboratory (part of the DragonStar variant) which affords more time for the Italian Air Force to pursue a longer-term SIGINT solution to replace its G.222 SI-GINT aircraft. Rockwell Collins is sup-plying a portion of the COMINT suite in this program.

Saabs AIRTRACER family is a SIGINT solution that provides COMINT across the 2- to 3000-MHz range and ESM/

ELINT from 0.5 to 40 GHz, with the op-tion to extend coverage up to 40 GHz. AIRTRACER is hosted on a Saab 2000 aircraft (and can be adapted to other aircraft types), providing six operator stations. Another version, AIRTRACER Flex, configures the mission suite in a roll-in/roll-out crew cabin for tempo-rary installation onboard a transport aircraft. AIRTRACER Lite and AIRTRAC-ER Compact are configured as SIGINT add-ons to special mission aircraft that have limited SIGINT capabilities.

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AOC Professional Development Courses

This winter and spring, keep ahead of the curve by taking advantage of the AOCs conveniently located courses held at AOC Headquarters in the Washington, D.C. area.

VISIT WWW.CROWS.ORG FOR MORE INFORMATION

F E B R U A R Y 1 2 - 1 5 Introduction to Radar and Electronic Warfare CourseAOC HeadquartersAlexandria, VA

M A R C H 1 2 - 1 5Essentials of 21st Century Electronic Warfare CourseAOC HeadquartersAlexandria, VA

A P R I L 9 - 1 2Fundamental Principles of Electronic Warfare CourseAOC HeadquartersAlexandria, VA

THE EVOLVING SIGNALS ENVIRONMENT

While the menu of airborne SIGINT solutions is growing, the ever evolving signals environment is presenting its own daunting set of challenges. As al-ways, the SIGINT community absolutely must keep pace with the commercial-markets-driven explosion in both num-ber and bandwidth in consumer mobile communications, says Payne. That market is expanding into higher fre-quency bands as well as use of technolo-gies such as higher level QAM and MIMO to increase effective data bandwidth. The good news is the component and signal processing technologies support-ing this commercial technology growth are available for adaptation to SIGINT. The challenge is programs must be structured both technically and admin-istratively for rapid and near continu-ous capability upgrades to meet rapidly evolving needs.

Others, like Christo Pelster, agree. The technology used in SIGINT sensors significantly benefits from commercial-ly driven applications such as mobile te-

lephony and data services, he explains. High performance Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have become read-ily available in the last decade address-ing the need to process large amounts of intercepted signal data in real-time. Very high rate analog-to-digital con-verters that are available today have moved the demodulation and process-ing functions of receivers closer to the antenna system to the extent that di-rect sampling receivers or digital down converters (DDCs) can be implemented. Furthermore, the flexibility offered by firmware updates that can be performed with ease ensures that SIGINT sensor systems are future proof against a con-tinuously evolving signal environment.

SIGINT FOR MULTI-INTThe markets shift toward specifying

multi-INT suites for tactical ISR aircraft is not a passing trend. Tactical systems with SIGINT-cued EO/IR have proven significantly superior to systems with stand-alone capabilities, says Payne. MULTI-INT systems will evolve toward architectures which take advantage of

continuous Moores Law driven im-provements, such as commodity, high -performance, multi-core, commercial processors, by decoupling high perfor-mance processing from sensors that generate large amounts of data.

EO/IR systems often include a vari-ety of sensor capabilities, such as high-resolution IR sensors, HD full-motion video and daylight EO cameras that can zoom from wide-angle views over an entire city or neighborhood to high-resolution close-up imagery that can reveal the numbers of a license plate on a car. Often, the challenge for EO/IR sensor operators is to know where to point these soda straw sensors. By detecting and locating emitters, SIGINT sensors can help cue EO/IR sensors to a specific location. SIGINT is one of the

The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2013

25

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Two factors are changing this situ-ation, however. First, the US Army is training a new cadre of EWOs, some of whom are being assigned to provide EW support for brigade commanders. These EWOs are showing how mission success can be improved by providing real-time tactical SIGINT to small units at the tac-tical edge.

The other factor is the recent avail-ability of lightweight SIGINT systems that can be carried on smaller tactical UAVs, such as the Shadow and the Tiger

Shark, without displacing other sen-sors on the aircraft. One example of this type of SIGINT solution is the Seeker system from Mercury Defense Systems. The Seeker, which is housed in a small pod, provides emitter detection, identi-fication and single-ship direction find-ing. The receiver system, which weighs in at 9 lb, is designed to minimize plat-form integrations costs. For example, says Michalski, the Seeker uses its own GPS receiver for navigation rather than increasing the cost and complexity of

using the GPS receiver on the host air-craft. While the SIGINT receiver can take advantage of new technologies to reduce its weight and size, the DF antenna array is still restricted in terms of how small it can be without trading off too much performance. However, by housing the whole system in a pod, the antenna array does not have to find scarce real estate in the Shadows already crowded fuselage. The need for high performance from the antenna also is mitigated in part by the UAVs close proximity to the emitters.

FUTURE CHALLENGESThe commercial and military tech-

nology trends that have driven the ex-ploding population of emitters and their growing sophistication will continue to evolve. This will, in turn, drive new in-novation in COMINT and ELINT systems. Saabs Christo Pelster says, The need to be able to perform message content extraction has always been a require-ment for the COMINT parts of SIGINT systems. Spread-spectrum technology, digital modulation techniques, propri-etary encoding and encryption makes it complicated to extract message content in real-time. The trend of signals with specialized waveforms as generated by Software Defined Radios is set to con-tinue and is compounded by links that use adaptive transmit power ensuring low probability of detection. He adds, ELINT receiving systems will need to have greater sensitivity in order to de-tect energy in low-power radar signals, which are also spatially directed using Actively Electronically Steered Arrays (AESA). The requirements of process-ing in a high-density pulse environ-ment in the presence of strong CW like signals will drive receiver front-end technology as well as pulse processing requirements.

Over the past decade, airborne SIGINT providers have addressed some of the markets most stubborn problems, such as developing SIGINT solutions for more types of aircraft, utilizing open architectures and increasing system performance without a corresponding increase in cost. This level of innova-tion is likely to continue well into the future, as SIGINT technology continues to evolve and adapt. a

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The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2013

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In the six months since JED last took a look at the pros-pects for careers in the electronic warfare industry, the employment environment has become even more muddled, leaving many with a sense of confusion about the state of the overall market for jobs.

On the one hand, companies preparing for the arrival of sequestration have been making adjustments needed to ride out the coming lean times through a combination of tactics including workforce cuts, elimination of contract employees, and hiring freezes. On the other hand, there are still a fair number of employment opportunities both advertised and not available for those who are looking. So, while the outlook seems dire, the reality for job hunters, for now anyway, is that the market hasnt dried up.

Its a time of transition. Theres a lot of paralysis, says Bob Katelhut, president of the recruiting firm Warfare Solu-tions. There are a lot of opportunities still out there. And the

market is not flooded with candidates yet. I keep hearing its going to [happen], but its not happening yet.

At least in the US. In Europe, where austerity is a continu-ing reality, the employment picture is more than dire. How-ever, world events do change rapidly, and the growth markets Latin America and Southeast Asia remain strong options for European companies, which may offer a small ray of light at the end of a very long tunnel.

In the US, of course, the situation could change at any mo-ment. With sequestration all but set to go forward, defense companies may be taking another look at what they need to do to ride out the coming storm and deciding that the picture is just too vague to do anything other than hunker down and wait for the storm to pass. Other companies, meanwhile, look-ing forward to a market full of talent pruned from their com-petitors, could be thinning their own ranks in anticipation of picking up the cream of the crop. The one thing that is clear in all the uncertainty: Things will probably get worse before they get better. So if youre looking to make a move, now may be the time.

Heres four important keys to EW professionals navigating the current market:

1. SITUATIONAL AWARENESS Its not just a must-have for EW systems. Basic situational

awareness is key to understanding the current situation of your companys business and whether you want to make a move.

Those working in business development may have a better handle on this than others, but everyone, from marketing and sales down to engineers, needs to have a clear understanding of where their current employer stands in the market. What is your company making and is anyone buying it? What level of the long-lead order book is likely to be held up by sequestra-tion? This also means keeping a close eye on the day-to-day news of the industry. Knowing where you stand can give com-fort level about the current situation, or at least give you the knowledge you need to start making moves now, while there are moves to be made.

And the opportunities vary depending on what you do. Business development managers are going to be key in this environment, Katelhut notes. Theyre the ones that are go-ing to have to go out there and dig up the business. They have the relationships and a good BD manager can make or break a program.

Engineers are also in demand. Although, with contract em-ployees among the first cuts, some engineers not working full time may be coming back to the market, for now, advertising for engineers remains strong.

Riding Out the UncertaintyBy Elaine Richardson

EW Careers:

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The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL), a national leader in scientic research and development located in Laurel, MD, has career opportunities available in the area of electronic attack.

The Precision Engagement Business Area is currently seeking candidates to join in its mission to improving operational performance in the realms of command, control, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (C2ISR) and non-kinetic and kinetic engagement.

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Even if youre not in an in-demand field, its good to know how your con-temporaries at other companies are far-ing and to consider whether now is the time to start brushing up on secondary skill sets that might make you more marketable for open positions. Even if youre just putting out feelers, do it now.

The time to start looking for new opportunities is now, Katelhut says. It is devastating to be unemployed, espe-cially if the market turns the way every-one says its going to turn. Thats not a good place to be.

And, understanding the entire mar-ket situation can help you to assess the opportunities you see and whether you want to make a move into a particular organization at this time. This is also something companies have to remember as they make the necessary adjustments to their structures, while still trying to hire new employees.

If candidates see a company isnt advertising in JED anymore, and theyre not seeing companies at AOC events and a lot of folks are being laid off thats not going to lend well

to the companys reputation on the street, Katelhut notes. Its difficult to attract candidates to those compa-nies. At least until the industry gets flooded with candidates.

2. INVEST IN YOUR NETWORKWhether youre making moves or

not, the first thing to do is to ensure that you are in touch and involved with your professional network. Its always key to remember that, for all the jobs advertised, key positions sometimes arent. Who you know can be an open door to the perfect position you havent even seen.

Starting online, ensuring you have a robust LinkedIn profile is a must.

Make sure youre on the various groups for EW professionals, including the AOC. Be social responding to and initiating conversations shows youre out there and involved. Getting your network to connect you to the people in their net-works is even better.

Its also a good time to shore up your personal connections. Pick up the phone and call people in your network you havent seen in awhile. Or a person-al note about advancements in their companies, an article that applies to them, etc. can be a good way to recon-nect with those in your network.

If you havent been to your local AOC chapter meeting in awhile, you need to go and take advantage of face-to-face communication. If you have the opportunity to attend other up-coming industry events, set aside some time to walk around and talk to people you havent seen lately and to pick up new connections.

Making your network as strong as you can not only gives you the opportu-nity to find new work when you need it, but puts you in the position to bring the

There are still a lot of opportunities out there.

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The Journal of Electronic Defense | February 2013

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3. KNOW WHOS HIRINGSo whos hiring? Small and mid-size

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