jazz age and the swing era big bands and swing dancing!

Jazz Age and the Swing EraJazz Age and the Swing Era

Big Bands and Swing Dancing!Big Bands and Swing Dancing!

ListeningListening #1 – Listen to the following songs from the #1 – Listen to the following songs from the

Jazz/Swing era. What is your first response Jazz/Swing era. What is your first response to what you hear? What do you think about to what you hear? What do you think about this music?this music?

Introductory VideoIntroductory Video

#2 – View the introductory video to the Jazz #2 – View the introductory video to the Jazz Age. List 3 main points of interest from the Age. List 3 main points of interest from the video.video.

A. A. B. B. C. C.

InformationInformation

#3 –#3 – Why do you think jazz music became so Why do you think jazz music became so popular after WWI?popular after WWI?

In the 1920s, jazz spread rapidly all across America. In the 1920s, jazz spread rapidly all across America. The rise of jazz was part of a new, post–World War I The rise of jazz was part of a new, post–World War I optimismoptimism

a prevailing sense that something new was a prevailing sense that something new was happening, that America was finally breaking from happening, that America was finally breaking from European culture and coming into its own. European culture and coming into its own.

Novelist F. Scott Fitzgerald called the new era the Novelist F. Scott Fitzgerald called the new era the Jazz Age.Jazz Age.

Information Information

#4 – #4 – Describe Louis Armstrong’s playing Describe Louis Armstrong’s playing and vocal style.and vocal style.

A very wide note range on his trumpetA very wide note range on his trumpet Brilliant toneBrilliant tone Graceful, intense and passionate melodiesGraceful, intense and passionate melodies Raspy singing voice and relaxed use of Raspy singing voice and relaxed use of

language in his singing.language in his singing.


#5 – #5 – Why was Chicago so attractive to jazz Why was Chicago so attractive to jazz musicians in the early 20musicians in the early 20thth Century? Century?

Chicago’s stockyards, stores, and factories, as well as Chicago’s stockyards, stores, and factories, as well as its reputation as a rail and shipping hub, made the city its reputation as a rail and shipping hub, made the city a magnet for people seeking a new start. a magnet for people seeking a new start.

free of the extremes of prejudice common in the free of the extremes of prejudice common in the South. South.

considered a big step toward economic and personal considered a big step toward economic and personal freedomfreedom

InformationInformation #6 – What is prohibition and how did it affect jazz #6 – What is prohibition and how did it affect jazz

music?music? In 1920, Congress passed the 18th Amendment to the In 1920, Congress passed the 18th Amendment to the

Constitution, which prohibited the bottling and Constitution, which prohibited the bottling and consumption of alcohol, and for the next 13 years consumption of alcohol, and for the next 13 years

But in Chicago, as elsewhere, many people ignored But in Chicago, as elsewhere, many people ignored the law, and entrepreneurs and criminal gangs often the law, and entrepreneurs and criminal gangs often joined forces to open nightclubs called joined forces to open nightclubs called speakeasiesspeakeasies, , where liquor, gambling, dancing, and jazz were the where liquor, gambling, dancing, and jazz were the attractionsattractions

Therefore, jazz musicians became more in demand!Therefore, jazz musicians became more in demand!


#7 – What is stride piano playing and what jazz #7 – What is stride piano playing and what jazz pianists played this style?pianists played this style?

pianists pianists James P. Johnson and and Willie “The Lion” Smith. Johnson and Smith played a . Johnson and Smith played a style called style called stride

FastFast form of piano playing in which the form of piano playing in which the left hand left hand quickly movesquickly moves between bass notes and chords while the between bass notes and chords while the right hand createsright hand creates a series of variations on the a series of variations on the melodymelody. .

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KDMOkgSdy3E&feature=related


#8 – How did the radio affect jazz music?#8 – How did the radio affect jazz music? Thanks to Thanks to radio and the gradual resurgence of and the gradual resurgence of

the market for records, what had once been the market for records, what had once been purely regional styles could now be heard in purely regional styles could now be heard in living rooms in almost any part of America. living rooms in almost any part of America.

InformationInformation #9 – #9 – How did the big band swing leader, Benny How did the big band swing leader, Benny

Goodman challenge segregation?Goodman challenge segregation? He hired pianist He hired pianist Teddy Wilson, with whom he’d , with whom he’d

already recorded, to be featured in a trio setting (with already recorded, to be featured in a trio setting (with Goodman himself and drummer Gene Krupa) in the Goodman himself and drummer Gene Krupa) in the spring of 1936spring of 1936

Just a bit later made it a quartet by adding the brilliant Just a bit later made it a quartet by adding the brilliant vibraphonist vibraphonist Lionel Hampton. .

Benny Goodman’s orchestra was one of the most orchestra was one of the most successful swing bands, thanks in part to the brilliant successful swing bands, thanks in part to the brilliant arrangements of the African-American composer and arrangements of the African-American composer and bandleader bandleader Fletcher Henderson. .

Benny Goodman OrchestraBenny Goodman Orchestra

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2S1I_ien6A

InformationInformation #10 – What two major events in the early 40s #10 – What two major events in the early 40s

affected jazz musicians/music?affected jazz musicians/music? America’s entry into World War II after the Japanese America’s entry into World War II after the Japanese

attack on attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 on December 7, 1941 Musicians of fighting age from all over the country Musicians of fighting age from all over the country

were drafted into military service. were drafted into military service. In the late summer of In the late summer of 1942, the musicians’ union 1942, the musicians’ union

called a strike against the record companiescalled a strike against the record companies, , demanding that musicians be fairly compensated for demanding that musicians be fairly compensated for radio and juke box play of recordings. For almost two radio and juke box play of recordings. For almost two years, no new instrumental music was recorded for years, no new instrumental music was recorded for commercial issue. commercial issue.

PioneersPioneers

Count Basie - Count Basie - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TYLbrZAko7E

Pianist and bandleader Count Basieat the Aquarium, New York City, c. 1946-1948.Courtesy of William P. Gottlieb.

Count BasieCount Basie

#11- Who was Count Basie and what would #11- Who was Count Basie and what would you say is his one significant contribution to you say is his one significant contribution to jazz music?jazz music?

““I’ve always played happy music,” William I’ve always played happy music,” William “Count” Basie once said. “Music that people “Count” Basie once said. “Music that people can tap their feet to.... That’s what I intend to can tap their feet to.... That’s what I intend to keep on playing.” He kept that pledge for keep on playing.” He kept that pledge for nearly fifty years. nearly fifty years.

Duke EllingtonDuke Ellington

The Duke - The Duke - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cb2w2m1JmCY&feature=related

Duke EllingtonDuke Ellington

#12 - Who was Duke Ellington and what #12 - Who was Duke Ellington and what would you say is his one significant would you say is his one significant contribution to jazz music?contribution to jazz music?

American composer, pianist, and American composer, pianist, and big band leader

Ellington wrote over 1,000 diverse jazz Ellington wrote over 1,000 diverse jazz compositions compositions

Duke Ellington cont.Duke Ellington cont.

Each of his compositions – Each of his compositions – love songs and dance tuneslove songs and dance tunes ballet and film scoresballet and film scores orchestral suites and choral worksorchestral suites and choral works

Ella FitzgeraldElla Fitzgerald

Ella Fitzgerald - Ella Fitzgerald - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PbL9vr4Q2LU

Ella FitzgeraldElla Fitzgerald

#13 – Who was Ella Fitzgerald and what #13 – Who was Ella Fitzgerald and what would you say is her one major contribution would you say is her one major contribution to jazz music?to jazz music?

American American jazz and song and song vocalist She was known for her purity of tone, She was known for her purity of tone,

impeccable impeccable diction, phrasing and , phrasing and intonation, , and a "horn-like" improvisational ability, and a "horn-like" improvisational ability, particularly in her particularly in her scat singing. .

A master of scat singingA master of scat singing

Benny GoodmanBenny Goodman

Big Band LeaderBig Band Leader

Benny GoodmanBenny Goodman

#14 - Who is Benny Goodman?#14 - Who is Benny Goodman? American American jazz and and swing musician, musician, clarinetist

and and bandleader; widely known as the "King of ; widely known as the "King of Swing" Swing"

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t4yGKj23jgQ&feature=related

Benny Cont.Benny Cont.

Along the way, Goodman popularized the Along the way, Goodman popularized the clarinet as a solo instrument, became a clarinet as a solo instrument, became a respected classical soloist, organized a series respected classical soloist, organized a series of hard-swinging small ensembles, and helped of hard-swinging small ensembles, and helped establish jazz in America’s concert halls.establish jazz in America’s concert halls.

Billie HolidayBillie Holiday

#15 Who is Billie Holiday and why is she so #15 Who is Billie Holiday and why is she so important to jazz history?important to jazz history?

Billie Holiday cont.Billie Holiday cont.

American jazz singer and songwriter American jazz singer and songwriter Holiday had a big influence on jazz and pop Holiday had a big influence on jazz and pop

singingsinging Her vocal style, strongly inspired by jazz Her vocal style, strongly inspired by jazz

instrumentalists, pioneered a new way of instrumentalists, pioneered a new way of manipulating phrasing and tempo manipulating phrasing and tempo

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h4ZyuULy9zs v=h4ZyuULy9zs

Final Listening Activity from the Final Listening Activity from the Jazz EraJazz Era

Describe how the band and soloists interact Describe how the band and soloists interact with each other.with each other.

Tell me what you hear more of; the left hand Tell me what you hear more of; the left hand playing the bass notes and chords or the right playing the bass notes and chords or the right hand playing the improvised melody.hand playing the improvised melody.

Describe the rhythms, riffs (short melodic Describe the rhythms, riffs (short melodic phrases played repeatedly over a series of phrases played repeatedly over a series of chords) or any call and response that you hear chords) or any call and response that you hear in this music.in this music.

Review 1Review 1

Louis Armstrong made a significant Louis Armstrong made a significant contribution to the development of the contribution to the development of the improvised jazz solo and popular singing improvised jazz solo and popular singing styles styles

Review 2Review 2

Prohibition helped the development of jazz Prohibition helped the development of jazz because speakeasies employed musicians because speakeasies employed musicians

Review 3Review 3

Which of the following three events are in the Which of the following three events are in the correct chronological order? correct chronological order? the Great Depression, the Jazz Age, World War II the Great Depression, the Jazz Age, World War II radio DJs become celebrities, World War II, Louis radio DJs become celebrities, World War II, Louis

Armstrong’s Hot Five and Hot Seven recordings Armstrong’s Hot Five and Hot Seven recordings growth of big bands in the 30s & 40s, attack growth of big bands in the 30s & 40s, attack

against Pearl Harbor, musicians’ union strike against Pearl Harbor, musicians’ union strike against record companies against record companies

Review 4Review 4

In the 1920s and 1930s, jazz developed most In the 1920s and 1930s, jazz developed most rapidly in urban areas with growing immigrant rapidly in urban areas with growing immigrant and African-American populations and African-American populations

Review 5Review 5

A style of piano playing in which the left hand A style of piano playing in which the left hand alternates between bass notes and chords and alternates between bass notes and chords and the right hand plays melody and improvisation the right hand plays melody and improvisation is called stride piano playingis called stride piano playing

Review 6Review 6

Radio and recording were most significant in Radio and recording were most significant in spreading the popularity of jazz music.spreading the popularity of jazz music.

Review 7Review 7

When Benny Goodman hired Teddy Wilson When Benny Goodman hired Teddy Wilson and Lionel Hampton he helped break down and Lionel Hampton he helped break down racial barriers by performing with an racial barriers by performing with an integrated band.integrated band.

Review 8Review 8

The rhythm section of the band is made up of The rhythm section of the band is made up of piano, bass and drums.piano, bass and drums.

Review 9Review 9

During World War II singers began to be more During World War II singers began to be more popular than jazz instrumentalists in part popular than jazz instrumentalists in part because musicians didn’t record due to their because musicians didn’t record due to their boycott of the recording industry. boycott of the recording industry.

Test Review – Jazz/Swing EraTest Review – Jazz/Swing Era

1. Why did jazz become so popular after 1. Why did jazz become so popular after WWI?WWI?

2. Choose 2 words to describe Louis 2. Choose 2 words to describe Louis Armstrong’s musical style.Armstrong’s musical style.

3. What two cities became attractive to jazz at 3. What two cities became attractive to jazz at the early part of the 20the early part of the 20thth century? century?

Test Review continuedTest Review continued

4. How did prohibition affect jazz music?4. How did prohibition affect jazz music? 5. Listen to the following song and tell what 5. Listen to the following song and tell what

type of jazz piano playing you hear.type of jazz piano playing you hear. https://www.youtube.com/watch?https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=KDMOkgSdy3E&feature=related v=KDMOkgSdy3E&feature=related 6. What did radio do for jazz? 6. What did radio do for jazz?

Test review continuedTest review continued

7. What jazz musician challenged segregation 7. What jazz musician challenged segregation and how did he do it?and how did he do it?

8. What two events in the early 40s affect jazz 8. What two events in the early 40s affect jazz musicians and jazz music?musicians and jazz music?


9. Who are the following people, what did 9. Who are the following people, what did they contribute to jazz and how would you they contribute to jazz and how would you describe their music?describe their music?

Benny Goodman Benny Goodman http://www.neajazzintheschools.org/listen/listehttp://www.neajazzintheschools.org/listen/listenpop.php?tk=cd1_t38 npop.php?tk=cd1_t38

Count Basie Count Basie http://www.neajazzintheschools.org/listen/listehttp://www.neajazzintheschools.org/listen/listenpop.php?tk=cd1_t36 npop.php?tk=cd1_t36

Test review continued/artistsTest review continued/artists

Duke Ellington Duke Ellington http://www.neajazzintheschools.org/listen/listehttp://www.neajazzintheschools.org/listen/listenpop.php?tk=cd1_t32 npop.php?tk=cd1_t32

Ella Fitzgerald Ella Fitzgerald http://www.neajazzintheschools.org/listen/listehttp://www.neajazzintheschools.org/listen/listenpop.php?tk=cd1_t45 npop.php?tk=cd1_t45

Billie Holiday Billie Holiday http://www.neajazzintheschools.org/listen/listehttp://www.neajazzintheschools.org/listen/listenpop.php?tk=cd1_t44 npop.php?tk=cd1_t44


10. What two things did Louis Armstrong 10. What two things did Louis Armstrong contribute to the development of jazz?contribute to the development of jazz?

11. What is a rhythm section made up of?11. What is a rhythm section made up of? 12. Why did jazz singers become more 12. Why did jazz singers become more

popular during WWII?popular during WWII?

Discussion QuestionDiscussion Question

Discuss the following questions:Discuss the following questions: How did the movement of African Americans to How did the movement of African Americans to

northern cities affect the development of jazz? What northern cities affect the development of jazz? What impact did radio and recording have on the impact did radio and recording have on the development of jazz? How would jazz music have development of jazz? How would jazz music have been different without these events?been different without these events?

Why did New York and Chicago become centers of Why did New York and Chicago become centers of jazz after New Orleans? What qualities or jazz after New Orleans? What qualities or characteristics did these cities have that might have characteristics did these cities have that might have influenced the growth of jazz?influenced the growth of jazz?

DiscussionDiscussion

Is the best music also the most popular music? Is the best music also the most popular music? How does music become popular? Do the How does music become popular? Do the media make music popular, or do consumers media make music popular, or do consumers choose what is popular? Jazz music, before choose what is popular? Jazz music, before and during World War II, was the most and during World War II, was the most popular music in the country. Discuss how popular music in the country. Discuss how social, political, and technological trends social, political, and technological trends helped make jazz popular.helped make jazz popular.

jazz age and the swing era big bands and swing dancing!

Documents