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JAVA Interview Questions
By Bhavik Thummar
From GEC, Modasa
Email : [email protected]
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Computer Engineering
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JAVA Interview Questions
By Bhavik Thummar
From GEC, Modasa 5th Sem I.T
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Computer Engineering
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JAVA Interview Questions
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1. What is Java?
A high-level programming language developed by Sun Microsystems.
Java was originally called OAK, and was designed for handheld devices
and set-top boxes.
Oak was unsuccessful so in 1995 Sun changed the name to Java and
modified the language to take advantage of the burgeoning World
Wide Web.
2. What are the main features of java?
The main features of Java are
Compiled and Interpreted
Object oriented
Robust and secure
Type safe
High Performance.
3. What are pass by reference and passby value?
Pass By Reference means the passing the address itself rather than
passing the value.
Passby Value means passing a copy of the value to be passed.
4. What is the Java API?
The Java API is a large collection of ready-made software components
that provide many useful capabilities, such as graphical user interface
(GUI) widgets.
5. What is the Java Virtual Machine (JVM)?
The Java Virtual Machine is software that can be ported onto various
hardware-based platforms.
6. What is variables and then types?
Variables is an identifier that denotes a storage location used to store
a data values.unlike constants that remain unchanged during the
execution of a program, a variable may takes different values at
different times during the execution of the program.
Instance variables
Class variables
Local variable
Parameters
7. What is dot operator?
The dot operator(.) is used to access the instance variables and
methods of class objects.It is also used to access classes and sub-
packages from a package.
Examples :
Person1.age ---------> Reference to the variable age
8. Define strings?
Strings represent a sequence of characters.
The easiest way to represent a sequence of characters in java is by
using a character array.
9. What is serialization?
Serialization is the process of converting a objects into a stream of
bytes.
10. What are different types of access modifiers?
Access specifiers are keywords that determine the type of access to
the member a class.
Public
Protected
Private
Default
11. What is an abstract class?
Abstract class is a class which contain one or more abstract methods,
which has to be implemented by sub classes.
An abstract class can contain no abstract methods also i.e. abstract
class may contain concrete methods.
12. What are class variables
Class variables are global to a class and belong to the entire set of
objects that class creates. Only one memory location is created for
each variable.
13. What is the Collection interface?
The Collection interface provides support for the implementation of a
mathematical bag - an unordered collection of objects that may
contain duplicates.
14. What must a class do to implement an interface?
The class must provide all of the methods in the interface and identify
the interface in its implements clause.
15. What is the Collections API?
The Collections API is a set of classes and interfaces that support
operations on collections of objects.
16. What is an array?
Array is a group of related data items that share a common name.For
instance, we can define an array name salary to represent a set of
salaries of a group of employees.
Examples : salary[500]
17. What is a list iterator?
The List and Set collections provide iterators, which are objects that
allow going over all the elements of a collection in sequence.
The java.util.Iterator interface provides for one-way traversal and
java.util.ListIterator is an iterator for lists that allows the programmer
to traverse the list in either direction (i.e. forward and or backward)
and modify the list during iteration.
18. What is the main difference between a String and a StringBuffer
class?
a) String is immutable : you can’t modify a string object but can replace
it by creating a new instance. Creating a new instance is rather
expensive.
b) StringBuffer is mutable : use StringBuffer or StringBuilder when you
want to modify the contents. StringBuilder was added in Java 5 and it
is identical in all respects to StringBuffer except that it is not
synchronized,which makes it slightly faster at the cost of not being
thread-safe.
19. When to use serialization?
A common use of serialization is to use it to send an object over the
network or if the state of an object needs to be persisted to a flat file
or a database.
20. What is the main difference between shallow cloning and deep
cloning of objects?
Java supports shallow cloning of objects by default when a class
implements the java.lang.Cloneable interface.
Deep cloning through serialization is faster to develop and easier to
maintain but carries a performance overhead.
21. What are wrapper classes?
Primitive data types may be converted into object types by using the
wrapper classes contained in the java.lang package.
Exampes : int, float, long, char, double
22. What is the difference between an instance variable and a static
variable?
Class variables are called static variables.
There is only one occurrence of a class variable per JVM per class
loader.
When a class is loaded the class variables are initialized.
Instance variables are non-static and there is one occurrence of an
instance variable in each class instance.Also known as a member
variable or a field.
23. Where and how can you use a private constructor?
Private constructor is used if you do not want other classes to
instantiate the object and to prevent subclassing.The instantiation is
done by a public static method (i.e. a static factory method) within
the same class.
24. What is type casting?
Type casting means treating a variable of one type as though it is
another type.
Examples :
int m = 5;
byte n =i;
25. What is a user defined exception?
User defined exceptions may be implemented by defining a new
exception class by extending the Exception class.
26. What is an instanceof operator?
Instanceof is an object reference operator and returns true if the
object on the left-hand side is an instance of the glass given to the
right hand side.This operator allows to determine whether the object
belongs to a particular class or not.
27. What are runtime exceptions?
Runtime exceptions are those exceptions that are thrown at runtime
because of either wrong input data or because of wrong business logic
etc. These are not checked by the compiler at compile time.
28. What is the difference between an interface and an abstract
class?
An abstract class may contain code in method bodies, which is not
allowed in an interface. With abstract classes, you have to inherit your
class from it and Java does not allow multiple inheritance. On the
other hand, you can implement multiple interfaces in your class.
29. What is a package?
A package is a namespace that organizes a set of related classes and
interfaces.
The classes contained in the packages of other programs can be easily
reused.Packages, classes can be unique compared with classes in
other packages.
That is, two classes in two different packages can have the same
name.
30. Why do threads block on I/O?
Threads block on i/o (that is enters the waiting state) so that other
threads may execute while the i/o Operation is performed.
31. What is the List interface?
The List interface provides support for ordered collections of objects.
32. What is the Vector class?
The Vector class provides the capability to implement a growable
array of objects.
33. What is the base class of all classes?
java.lang.Object
34. What is the importance of static variable?
Static variables are class level variables where all objects of the class
refer to the same variable. If one object changes the value then the
change gets reflected in all the objects.
35. What is the difference between a while statement and a do
while statement?
A while statement checks at the beginning of a loop to see whether
the next loop iteration should occur.
A do while statement checks at the end of a loop to see whether the
next iteration of a loop should occur.
The do while-statement will always execute the body of a loop at
least once.
36. Describe life cycle of thread?
A thread is similiar to a program that has a single flow of control.A
thread is a execution in a program. The life cycle of threads are:
Newborn state
Runnable state
Running state
Blocked state(Wating State)
Dead state
37. What is an Applets?
Applets are small java programs that are primarily used in Internet
computing.
They can be transported over the internet from one computer to
another and run using the Applet Viewer or any web browser that
supports java.
38. What are wrapped classes?
Wrapped classes are classes that allow primitive types to be accessed
as objects.
Examples : Integer, Float, String, Character, Boolean, Long, Double
39. What is the difference between an if statement and a switch
statement?
The if statement is used to select among two alternatives.
It uses a boolean expression to decide which alternative should be
executed.
The switch statement is used to select among multiple alternatives.
It uses an int expression to determine which alternative should be
executed.
40. What modifiers are allowed for methods in an Interface?
Only public and abstract modifiers are allowed for methods in
interfaces.
41. What is the difference between method overriding and
overloading?
Overriding is a method with the same name and arguments as in a
parent, whereas overloading is the same method name but different
arguments.
42. What do you mean by polymorphism?
Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms.
The most common use of polymorphism in OOP occurs when a parent
class reference is used to refer to a child class object..
Simple means: IS-A
43. What is the difference between an abstract class and an
interface?
Abstract class Interface - Have executable methods and abstract
methods.Can only subclass one abstract class
Interface - Have no implementation code. All methods are abstract.A
class can implement any number of interfaces.
44. What is the purpose of finalization?
The purpose of finalization is to give an unreachable object the
opportunity to perform any cleanup processing before the object
is garbage collected.
45. What is the difference between a break statement and a
continue statement?
Break statement results in the termination of the statement to
which it applies (switch, for, do, or while).
A Continue statement is used to end the current loop iteration and
return control to the loop statement.
46. When is a method said to be overloaded and when is a method
said to be overridden?
Overloading deals with multiple methods in the same class with the
same name but different method signatures.
Overriding deals with two methods, one in the parent class and the
other one in the child class and has the same name and signatures.
47. How is final different from finally and finalize()?
Final - constant declaration.
The finally block always executes when the try block exits, except
System.exit(0) call.
finalize() is a method of Object class which will be executed by the
JVM just before garbage collecting object to give a final chance for
resource releasing activity.
48. What is Byte Code?
All Java programs are compiled into class files that contain bytecodes.
These byte codes can be run in any platform and hence java is said to
be platform independent.
49. What is the difference between error and an exception?
Exception means When a method encounters an abnormal condition
(an exception condition) that it can’t handle itself, it may throw an
exception. ssError means system doesn’t handle.
For example:Overflow,Out of memory.
50. What if the main method is declared as private?
When a method is declared as private, the program compiles properly
but it will give runtime error Main method not "public".
51. What type of parameter passing does Java support?
In Java the arguments are always passed by value.
52. What is singleton?
It is one of the design pattern.
This falls in the creational pattern of the design pattern.
There will be only one instance for that entire JVM.
You can achieve this by having the private constructor in the class.
53. What is Locale?
A Locale object represents a specific geographical, political, or cultural
region.
54. What is the difference between constructors and normal
methods?
Constructors must have the same name as the class and can not
return a value.
They are only called once while regular methods could be called many
times and it can return a value or can be void.
55. What is the difference between static and non-static variables?
A static variable is associated with the class as a whole rather than
with specific instances of a class.
Non-static variables take on unique values with each object instance.
56. What is the difference between java and c++?
Java is a true object - oriented language while c++ is basically c with
object-oriented extension.
C++ supports multiple inheritance but Java provides interfaces in case
of multiple inheritance.
Java does not support operator overloading.
Java does not have template classes as in c++.
Java does not use pointers.