Japanese InternmentJapanese Internment1942-19451942-1945

Standard 11.7Standard 11.7

Students analyze America’s participation in World War II.

Introduction to the Introduction to the Japanese InternmentJapanese Internment

Part I

Differences associated with the Differences associated with the JapaneseJapanese

Issei - first generationNisei - second generationNikkei - people placed in the campsKibei - people who go to Japan and

then return to U. S.

People Associated with People Associated with the Japanese Internmentthe Japanese Internment

Franklin Delano Roosevelt - signed the Executive Order 9066

General John De Witt handled the internment of Japanese

FDRFDR

General De WittGeneral De Witt

Reasons for disliking the Reasons for disliking the Asians in the 1800'sAsians in the 1800's

Racial hatred for the Asians who arrived to work for the railroads and mining companies

Chinese worked for low wages & lived in poor living conditions.

Reasons for disliking the Reasons for disliking the Asians in the 1800'sAsians in the 1800's

• They accepted horrible working conditions in order to keep working in the United States

Union workers considered them scabs because they replaced American workers who refused to cooperative with owners.

Racist laws against the Racist laws against the AsiansAsiansChinese could not testify in courtpeople who were white could only

receive citizenshipThe Gentlemen's Agreement-

stopped Asian immigration into the United States in the 1880’s.

Racist laws against the Racist laws against the AsiansAsians San Francisco's school board ordered that

all Asian children be allowed to attend public schools, but could not associate with other children.

Japanese children could not retain their dual citizenship. The parents had to make a choice within 14 days of the child's birth.

Racist laws against the Racist laws against the AsiansAsiansNisei people tried to adapt into the

American culture, but were denied employment and education.

Racist laws against the Racist laws against the AsiansAsians

With the bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, racist laws were passed such as curfews for anyone who looked Asian.

Placement in CampsPlacement in Camps

Part II

Executive Order 9066Executive Order 9066

President Franklin D. Roosevelt ordered all Japanese to be placed in camps.

U. S. feared that the Japanese would threaten America's safety

Japanese needed to register with Wartime Civil Control Administration.

Executive Order 9066Executive Order 9066

Japanese could only take what they could carry & had one week to dispose of their belongs which were: personal artifacts Houses Farms factories

Japanese relocation campsJapanese relocation camps

Relocation Authority was responsible for building the 10 relocation camps. The security was prison-like.

Japanese relocation campsJapanese relocation camps

Famous camps Mayer, Arizona Santa Anita,

California Manzanar, California Potson, Washington Other camps were in

Arkansas, Wyoming, and Utah

Life in the CampsLife in the Camps

Part III

Life in the CampsLife in the Camps

organized like army barracks, however five families had to live in one barrack or horse stable.

communal bathrooms, eating halls and no privacy

Life in the CampsLife in the Camps

men received 50 cents a day in food rations

women received 39 cents a day in food rations

Life in the campsLife in the camps

camps were guarded 24 hours a day and people needed permission to leave their barracks

after being in the camps, Japanese began to establish the following: schools religious centers political councils

Legal IssuesLegal Issues

Part IV

LoyaltyLoyalty

questionnaires were used to prove one's loyalty

they had to prove that they would defend the United States

some people renounced their Citizenship on protest of the horrible treatment in the camps

LoyaltyLoyalty

in 1959, the courts gave the Japanese their citizenship back

the 442nd battalion, which was made up of Japanese-Americans, was highly decorated for their bravery during World War II.

Supreme Court CasesSupreme Court Cases

Korematsu v. United States ruled that the camps were military necessities.

Takao v. United States ruled that Asians could not be citizens because they were not protected under the law; it only applied to whites and Blacks.

Supreme Court CasesSupreme Court Cases

Hirabayashi v. United States ruled that it was legal to have curfew for the Japanese because of public safety. The Japanese were potentially dangerous.

Endo v. United States ruled that civilians should not be placed in camps. Within a couple months, the Japanese were released.

Life after the Life after the internmentinternment

Part V

Returning home from the Returning home from the campscamps possessions were stolen businesses were sold without permission friends refused to return possessions Japanese American Evacuation Claims

Act handled claims inefficiently needed proper documentation to file claims

but had difficulty in obtaining them very little money was given back

Returning home from the Returning home from the campscampspoor blacks took over homes and

jobs from the Japanesethere were very few job openings or

business opportunitiesJapanese were victims of physical

abuse

Attempts to return to Attempts to return to normalcynormalcydifficulty in seeking workmost jobs for the Japanese were

gardening and domestic workwar veterans sought recognition that

they deserved

Attempts to return to Attempts to return to normalcynormalcy many moved to suburbs and into the

middle class neighborhoods Asian teachers were hired in the LA

school system (shut out before the war) considered "model minorities" because

they did not participate in the civil rights movement or the Vietnam protests (they did not want to cause problems)

Seeking redress for being Seeking redress for being in the campsin the campsPresident Ford revoked Executive

Order 9066 and said it was wrong & demanded compensation and an apology

Civil Liberties Act (1988) was signed by President Reagan. It ordered money compensation for the Japanese.

Seeking redress for being Seeking redress for being in the campsin the campscourts overturned previous 1940's

casesJapanese received $20,000 in

compensation