JAPANESE CONQUEST & TRIUMPH

JAPANESE CONQUEST & TRIUMPHDECEMBER 1941 MAY, 1942 IMPORTANT GEOGRAPHIC AREAS (see map,p.260) THE PHILIPPINESTAIWAN (FORMOSA)INDOCHINAMALAYA (MALAYAN PENINSULA)SINGAPOREINDONESIABURMANEW GUINEATHE SOLOMON ISLANDSTHE CORAL SEAAUSTRALIAMIDWAY ISLANDWAKE ISLANDGUAM ISLAND KEY INDIVIDUALSADMIRAL CHESTER NIMITZ, USNADMIRAL RAYMOND SPRUANCE, USNADMIRAL FRANK FLETCHER, USNADMIRAL WILLIAM HALSEY, USNADMIRAL ISORUKU YAMAMOTO, IJNADMIRAL CHUICHI NAGUMO, IJNGENERAL DOUGLAS MacARTHUR, USAGENERAL ARTHUR PERCIVAL, UKGENERAL TOMOYUKI YAMASHITA, IJAKEY DATESDEC. 8, 1941: WAKE ISLAND CAPTURED DEC. 10, 1941: GUAM ISLAND CAPTUREDJAN. 27, 1942: BATTLE OF THE JAVA SEAFEB. 15, 1942: SINGAPORE SURRENDERSAPRIL 9, 1942: BATAAN SURRENDER / BATAAN DEATH MARCH BEGINSAPRIL 22, 1942: BURMA SURRENDERS TO JAPANESE MAY 6, 1942: FALL OF CORREGIDORPHILIPPINES ARE JAPANESE-CONTROLLED

POLITICAL MAP OF THE WORLD

JAPANESE EXPANSION &CONQUEST INS.E. ASIA & THESOUTH PACIFIC,1941-42

1941-42 JAPANESE EXPANSIONWHERE? INTO WHAT AREAS OF ASIA & THE PACIFIC DID JAPAN EXTEND HER EMPIRE IN LATE 1941, EARLY 1942?FRENCH INDOCHINATHAILANDMALAYAN PENINSULA / SINGAPOREINDONESIAPHILIPPINESBURMANEW GUINEAPACIFIC ISLANDS (WAKE, GUAM, etc.)WHY?WHAT WERE THE SPECIFIC REASONS FOR CONQUEST IN EACH AREA?INDOCHINA: RUBBER, FOODTHAILAND: FOOD, STRATEGIC LOCATIONS (military)MALAYA / SINGAPORE: NAVAL BASES (strategic location)INDONESIA: OIL, MINERALSPHILIPPINES: STRATEGIC LOCATIONS (military)BURMA: STAGING AREA FOR INVASION OF INDIANEW GUINEA: STRATEGIC LOCATION STAGING AREA FOR INVASION OF AUSTRALIAPACIFIC ISLANDS: OUTLER LINE OF MILITARY BASES

BREWSTER F2A BUFFALO FIGHTER PLANE IN R.A.F. SERVICE, SINGAPORE, 1941

R.A.F. SQUADRON WITH F2A BUFFALO PLANES, MALAYA, 1941

MITSUBISHI GM1/2 BETTY HEAVY BOMBER, 1941-42

MITSUBISHI BETTY BOMBERS IN FORMATION

IJA TROOPS CROSSING RIVER W/BICYCLES, PHILIPPINES,1942

SINGAPOREMALAYA & SINGAPORE:BRITISH-HELD COLONY THAT CONTROLLED WATER ROUTES FROM PACIFIC TO INDIAN OCEANSTRAIT OF MALACCA MOST IMPORTANT WATER ROUTESINGAPORE: BRITISH NAVAL / MILITARY BASE AT ENTRANCE TO STRAIT OF MALACCAJAPANESE NEEDED LOCATION FOR FURTHER EXPANSIONJAN.-FEB., 1942: JAPANESE ASSAULT MALAYA & SINGAPOREBRITISH DEFENSIVE POSITIONS ARE TOO THINJAPANESE ASSAULT IS RAPIDFEB. 15, 1942: SINGAPORE SURRENDERSFALL OF SINGAPORE IS DISASTER FOR BRITISH & ALLIESLARGEST SURRENDER IN BRITISH MILITARY HISTORY (130,000 TROOPS)Q: WHY IS FALL OF SINGAPORE SO DEVESTATING FOR ALLIES?

JAPANESE INVASION OF MALAYA AND SINGAPORE, DEC. FEB., 1941-42

JAPANESE 25TH ARMY ADVANCES, MALAYA,DEC. FEB., 1941-42

JAPANS ASSAULT ON MALAYA,JAN. FEB. 1941-42

Lt.GEN. ARTHUR PERCIVAL,COMMANDER, SINGAPORE

JAPANESE ASSUALT ON SINGAPORE FEBRUARY, 1942

BRITISH SURRENDER TO JAPANESE, SINGAPORE, FEB. 15, 1942

GEN. TOMOYUKI YAMASHITA,IJA, THE TIGER OF MALAYA

TOMOYUKI YAMASHITA

GEN. PERCIVAL SURRENDERS SINGAPORE TO GEN. YAMASHITA

JAPANESE TROOPSCELEBRATE THE FALL OF SINGAPORE

BRITISH TROOPS SURRENDER AT SINGAPORE

BRITISH ARMY OFFICERS SURRENDER TO JAPANESE

JAPANESE EXPANSION & CONQUEST IN S.E. ASIA & THE SOUTH PACIFIC, DEC.,41-MAY 42

INDONESIA & S. PACIFICFALL OF SINGAPORE:GIVES JAPAN CONTROL OF STRAIT OF MALACCAPROVIDES BASE FOR ASSAULT ON INDONESIAINDONESIA:JAPAN NEEDS RESOURCES FOUND THERE:OILMETALSWILL PROVIDE BASE FOR ASSAULT ON NEW GUINEAAUSTRALIANS CANNOT DEFEND AUSTRALIA w/out ALLIED SUPPORTALLIES POOL FORCES AND CREATED ABDA FORCEABDA (AMERICAN-BRITISH-DUTCH-AUSTRALIAN) RELIES ON ALLIED NAVAL FORCES TO PREVENT CONQUEST OF INDONESIAFEB. 27, 1942: BATTLE OF JAVA SEA: JAPANESE DEFEAT ALLIED NAVAL FORCEMARCH 12, 1942: DUTCH SURRENDER INDONESIARESULT?NEW GUINEA IS OPEN FOR INVASIONAUSTRALIA IS DIRECTLY THREATENED WITH INVASION THE PHILIPPINESWHEN?DEC., 1941-MAY, 1942WHY? U.S. PACIFIC FORCES ARE THERE & ARE THREAT TO JAPANSTRATEGIC LOCATION FOR EXPANSIONGEN. DOUGLAS MacARTHUR IS IN COMMANDU.S. / FILIPINO FORCES AREUNDERSTRENGTH (only 28,ooo combat-ready troops)*UNPREPAREDISOLATED FROM U.S.*More troops were available, but they werent adequately prepared for combatDEC.8, 1941: ATTACK BEGINS; U.S. AIR FORCES DESTROYED (similar to Pearl Harbor)MacARTHUR DOESNT REACT QUICKLYJAPANESE ASSAULT IS RAPID LIKE MALAYALATE DEC./EARLY JAN. ALLIED FORCES PUSHED INTO BATAAN PENINSULA & CORREGIDOR ISLAND MARCH 12: MacARTHUR ORDERED TO LEAVE BY F.D.R.APRIL 9, 1942: BATAAN FORCES SURRENDER; BATAAN DEATH MARCH BEGINSMAY 6, 1942: CORREGIDOR SURRENDERSRESULT? PHILIPPINES ARE CONTROLLED BY JAPANSO WHAT?

GENERAL DOUGLASMacARTHUR, COMMANDER, U.S. FORCES, PHILIPPINES

LATER COMMANDER, U.S. FORCES,SOUTHWEST PACIFIC

GEN. DOUGLAS MacARTHUR

MacARTHUR STATUE,PRESENT-DAY,PHILIPPINES

I SHALL RETURNDouglas MacArthur, 1942

LT. GENERAL MASAHARU HOMMA, COMMANDING OFFICER,JAPANESE FORCES, PHILIPPINES, 1942

JAPANESE INVASION OFTHE PHILIPPINES, 1941-42

THE FALL OF BATAAN,APRIL 1942

THE FALL OF CORREGIDOR, MAY 1942

JAPANESE TROOPS GIVING BANZAI AFTER FALL OF CORREGIDOR

U.S. & FILIPINO PRISONERS AFTER SURRENDER TO JAPANESE

BATAAN DEATH MARCHBEGINS

THE BATAAN DEATH MARCHWHEN? APRIL 9 16, 1942WHERE? BATAAN PENINSULA, PHILIPPINESWHAT?FORCED MARCH OF U.S. & FILIPINO P.O.W.s FROM BATAAN PENINSULA TO CAMP ODONNELL (JAPANESE PRISON CAMP)APPROXIMATELY 80,000 U.S. & FILIPINO P.O.W.s (approx. 67,000 FILIPINOS, 12,000 U.S., & 1,000 CHINESE-FILIPINOS) WHAT HAPPENED?JAPANESE HAD UNDERESTIMATED # OF P.O.W.s THEY WOULD HAVE TO TRANSPORTDID NOT HAVE ADEQUATE SUPPLIES & TRANSPORT FOR ALL P.O.W.sFORCED MARCH WAS JAPANESE SOLUTIONDISTANCE TO P.O.W. CAMP WAS 65 mi. (approx. distance)JAPANESE GUARDS COMMIT NUMEROUS ATROCITIES AGAINST P.O.W.s DURING MARCHEXAMLES: SHOOTING, BAYONETINGS, BEHEADINGS, BEATINGS, DENIAL OF WATER/FOOD, THEFT, RAPEFINAL RESULT?ONLY 54,000 OF TOTAL # REACHED CAMP ODONNELLCASUALTIES: 10,000 FILIPINO, 700 U.S. KILLED (approx.) 25% DEATH RATEMORE DIED OVER TIME IN P.O.W. CAMPSNEWS OF BATAAN DETAH MARCH REACHED U.S. & U.S. PUBLIC IS ENRAGEDPERPETRATORS WERE TRIED FOR WAR CRIMES AFTER WWII

DEATH MARCH NEARS PRISON CAMP

ARTISTS RENDITION OF THE BATAAN DEATH MARCH

IJA OFFICER EXECUTES DEATH MARCH PRISONER,BATAAN, APRIL, 1942

CHARRED REMAINS OF U.S. SERVICEMAN BURNED ALIVE IN PHILIPPINES PRISON CAMPBY IJA BEING PREPARED FOR BURIAL

PRESENT-DAYDEATH MARCHMARKER

U.S. PROPAGANDAPOSTER, 1942

AUSTRALIANPROPAGANDA POSTER, 1942

ENGLISH-LANGUAGE ANTI-AMERICAN JAPANESE PROPAGANDA POSTER

JAPANESE ASSAULT ON THAILAND, DECEMBER, 1941

JAPANESE ASSAULT ON BURMA, SPRING 1942

JAPANESE ADVANCE TOWARDS INDIA, 1941-42

JAPANESE CONQUESTS,DEC., 1941-MAY, 1942

1941-42 FINAL RESULTSJAPAN HAS EXTENDED EMPIRE OVER MOST OF THE WESTERN PACIFIC / FAR EAST ASIALIMITS OF JAPANESE EMPIRE:NORTH: ALASKA & BORDERS OF THE USSREAST: WAKE ISLANDWEST: INDIA & CENTRAL CHINASOUTH: NEW GUINEA & BORDERS OF AUSTRALIASPRING, 1942 - JAPAN IS PREPARING FOR:ASSAULT ON AUSTRALIAASSAULT AGAINST MIDWAY ISLANDASSAULT AGAINST EASTERN INDIAJAPANESE ARE ADVANCING ON ALL FRONTS APPEARING TO BE UNSTOPPABLE

THE EMPIRE OF JAPAN, 1942