japan the growth of japanese civilization japan’s location japan lies east of china; name means...
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Japan
The Growth of Japanese Civilization
• Japan’s Location• Japan lies east of China; name means “land of
the rising sun”• Closest neighbor is 120 miles over water,
Korea• 500 miles of water separate it from China• Geography of Japan
Consists of about 3,000 islands in a 12,000-mile archipelago
• Varied climate, but little land for farming
Shinto
• Many different clans worshipped own gods
• This early religion later called Shinto– “the way of the gods”
• Shinto worshipers respect forces of nature, ancestors, and kami
• Kami—divine spirits dwelling in nature: tree, rock, waterfall
Yamato
• Their clan will grow in power and eventually take over the islands– Will be noted for Kofun or mound tombs
• They develop the earliest Japanese State – The Yamato
• The Paekche (Chinese) will want an alliance and for this they provide some new imports including, writing, Confucianism, and Buddhism
Yamato Period: 300-Yamato Period: 300-710710
Yamato Period: 300-Yamato Period: 300-710710
“Great Kings” era“Great Kings” era
Began promoting the Began promoting the adoption of Chinese adoption of Chinese cultureculture Confucianism.Confucianism. Language (Language (kanjikanji characters).characters). Buddhist sects.Buddhist sects. Chinese art & architecture.Chinese art & architecture. Government structure.Government structure.
Began promoting the Began promoting the adoption of Chinese adoption of Chinese cultureculture Confucianism.Confucianism. Language (Language (kanjikanji characters).characters). Buddhist sects.Buddhist sects. Chinese art & architecture.Chinese art & architecture. Government structure.Government structure.
Japanese CultureBuddhism in Japan• Japanese learn Chinese ideas, customs from
contact with Korea• Buddhism spreads widely in Japan, mixes with
Shinto practicesCultural Borrowing from China• Chinese ideas, practices gain wide currency in
Japan as result• Japanese adopt Chinese writing, art, and ways of
everyday living• Japan does not copy China’s civil-service system
Heian Period: 794-Heian Period: 794-11561156
Heian Period: 794-Heian Period: 794-11561156CharacteristicsCharacteristics::
Growth of large estatesGrowth of large estates Arts & literature of China Arts & literature of China flourished. flourished. Elaborate court life highly refinedElaborate court life highly refined
ETIQUETTE – Codes of BehaviorETIQUETTE – Codes of Behavior Personal diaries Personal diaries
The Pillow BookThe Pillow Book by Sei Shonagon by Sei Shonagon 10c10c
Great novelGreat novel The Tale of GenjiThe Tale of Genji by by Lady Lady MurasakiMurasaki Shikibu Shikibu 1000 pgs.1000 pgs.
Moving away from Chinese models inMoving away from Chinese models in religion, the arts, and government. religion, the arts, and government.
CharacteristicsCharacteristics:: Growth of large estatesGrowth of large estates Arts & literature of China Arts & literature of China flourished. flourished. Elaborate court life highly refinedElaborate court life highly refined
ETIQUETTE – Codes of BehaviorETIQUETTE – Codes of Behavior Personal diaries Personal diaries
The Pillow BookThe Pillow Book by Sei Shonagon by Sei Shonagon 10c10c
Great novelGreat novel The Tale of GenjiThe Tale of Genji by by Lady Lady MurasakiMurasaki Shikibu Shikibu 1000 pgs.1000 pgs.
Moving away from Chinese models inMoving away from Chinese models in religion, the arts, and government. religion, the arts, and government.
Heian Period:Heian Period:Cultural BorrowingCultural Borrowing
Heian Period:Heian Period:Cultural BorrowingCultural Borrowing
1.1.Chinese writing.Chinese writing.
2.2.Chinese artistic styles.Chinese artistic styles.
3.3.Buddhism in the form Buddhism in the form of of ZEN.ZEN.
4.4.BUT, not the Chinese BUT, not the Chinese civil civil service system! service system!
1.1.Chinese writing.Chinese writing.
2.2.Chinese artistic styles.Chinese artistic styles.
3.3.Buddhism in the form Buddhism in the form of of ZEN.ZEN.
4.4.BUT, not the Chinese BUT, not the Chinese civil civil service system! service system!
Zen BuddhismZen BuddhismA Japanese variation of the Mahayana form of Buddhism, which came from India through China.
It reinforced the Bushido values of mental and self-discipline.
Heian Court DressHeian Court DressHeian Court DressHeian Court Dress
The Pillow BookThe Pillow Bookby Sei Shonagon (diary)by Sei Shonagon (diary)
The Pillow BookThe Pillow Bookby Sei Shonagon (diary)by Sei Shonagon (diary)
The Pillow BookThe Pillow Bookby Sei Shonagon (diary)by Sei Shonagon (diary)
The Pillow BookThe Pillow Bookby Sei Shonagon (diary)by Sei Shonagon (diary)
Tale of GenjiTale of Genji ( (first novel)first novel)Tale of GenjiTale of Genji ( (first novel)first novel)
Tale of GenjiTale of Genji Scroll Scroll(first novel)(first novel)
Tale of GenjiTale of Genji Scroll Scroll(first novel)(first novel)
Lady Murasaki ShikibuLady Murasaki ShikibuLady Murasaki ShikibuLady Murasaki Shikibu
She contributed much to the Japanese script known as kana, while men wrote with Chinese characters, kanji.
She contributed much to the Japanese script known as kana, while men wrote with Chinese characters, kanji.
Minamoto YoritomoMinamoto YoritomoMinamoto YoritomoMinamoto Yoritomo
Founded the Kamakura Shogunate: 1185-1333Founded the Kamakura Shogunate: 1185-1333
FeudaFeudal l
SocietSocietyy
FeudaFeudal l
SocietSocietyy
The emperor The emperor reigned, but reigned, but
did not always did not always rule!rule!
FeudalismFeudalismFeudalismFeudalismA political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service.
Japan:Japan:
A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service.
Japan:Japan:
Shogun
Daimyo Daimyo
Samurai Samurai Samurai
Peasant PeasantPeasantPeasant
Land - Shoen
Land - Shoen
Protection
Loyalty
Loyalty
Food
FeudalismFeudalismFeudalismFeudalismA political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service.
Europe:
A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service.
Europe:
King
Lord Lord
Knight Knight Knight
Peasant PeasantPeasantPeasant
Land - Fief
Land - Fief
Protection
Loyalty
Loyalty
Food
Code of Code of BushidoBushidoCode of Code of BushidoBushido
*Fidelity
* Politeness
* Virility
* Simplicity
*Fidelity
* Politeness
* Virility
* Simplicity
Full Samurai AttireFull Samurai AttireFull Samurai AttireFull Samurai Attire
Samurai SwordSamurai SwordSamurai SwordSamurai Sword
Underpinnings: Basic Steps in Self Defense
Underpinnings: Basic Steps in Self Defense
A COTTON BREECH A COTTON BREECH CLOUTCLOUT that extended up over the chest was the basic undergarment of a samurai’s costume
A SHORT SLEEVED A SHORT SLEEVED KIMONOKIMONO, or “armor robe,” was tied snugly at the waist with a special knot (lower right)
BILLOWING BILLOWING PANTALOONPANTALOONS,S,worn over the armor robe, fitted loosely in the legs to allow freedom of movementSTURDY STURDY SHINGUARDSHINGUARDSS of cloth or leather were reinforced with strips of iron to give protection from the front
AN EXQUISITE AN EXQUISITE BROCADEBROCADE, richly worked with a design of peonies, was one of the extravagant materials used in an armor robe that may have been made for a 14th Century imperial prince
Modern-Day Modern-Day ““Samurai Samurai WarriorsWarriors””
Modern-Day Modern-Day ““Samurai Samurai WarriorsWarriors””
Code of Code of ChivalryChivalryCode of Code of ChivalryChivalry
*Justice
* Loyalty
* Defense
* Courage
* Faith
* Humility
* Nobility
*Justice
* Loyalty
* Defense
* Courage
* Faith
* Humility
* Nobility
European knightEuropean knight Samurai WarriorSamurai Warrior
vs.vs.
Medieval WarriorsMedieval Warriors
Knight’s ArmorKnight’s Armor Samurai ArmorSamurai Armor
vs.vs.
Medieval WarriorsMedieval Warriors
Early Mounted Early Mounted Samurai WarriorsSamurai WarriorsEarly Mounted Early Mounted
Samurai WarriorsSamurai Warriors
Samurai ChargingSamurai ChargingSamurai ChargingSamurai Charging
Seppuku: Seppuku: Ritual SuicideRitual SuicideSeppuku: Seppuku:
Ritual SuicideRitual Suicide
Kaishaku – his “seconds”
Kaishaku – his “seconds”
It is honorable to die in this way.
It is honorable to die in this way.
Mongol“Invasio
ns”of Japan
Mongol“Invasio
ns”of Japan
4,400 ships and 140,000 men, but kamikaze kamikaze winds stopped
them.
4,400 ships and 140,000 men, but kamikaze kamikaze winds stopped
them.
Ashikaga Age: 1338-1573
Ashikaga Age: 1338-1573
►Shoguns fought for power.
a Laws are unclear.
a Less efficient than the Kamakura.
a Armies of samurai protected the country.
C
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S
T
L
E
S
C
A
S
T
L
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Osaka CastleOsaka Castle
Main Gate of Hiroshima Castle
Main Gate of Hiroshima Castle
Caernorfon Castle, Wales
Caernorfon Castle, Wales
Warwick Castle, EnglandWarwick Castle, England
R
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S
R
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The Age of the Warring States:
(1467 - 1568)
The Age of the Warring States:
(1467 - 1568)Castles built on hills in different provinces.
Power shifts from above to below.
Europeans arrive in Japan bringing firearms & Christianity.
Christianity & foreign trade flourish.
Oda Nobunaga (1534-1582)
Oda Nobunaga (1534-1582)
Banishes the last Ashikaga shogun.
Unifies a large part of Japan.
Banishes the last Ashikaga shogun.
Unifies a large part of Japan.
Catholic Jesuits in Catholic Jesuits in JapanJapan
Catholic Jesuits in Catholic Jesuits in JapanJapan
St. Francis Xavier[First Catholic Missionaries in [First Catholic Missionaries in
Asia]Asia]
St. Francis Xavier[First Catholic Missionaries in [First Catholic Missionaries in
Asia]Asia]
Toyotomi Hideyoshi(1536-1598)
Toyotomi Hideyoshi(1536-1598)
Becomes suspicious of European territorial ambitions.
Orders all European missionaries expelled from Japan.
Tries to invade
Korea, but fails.
First Christian Martyrs First Christian Martyrs (1597): Shrine in (1597): Shrine in
NagasakiNagasakiTodayToday
First Christian Martyrs First Christian Martyrs (1597): Shrine in (1597): Shrine in
NagasakiNagasakiTodayToday
Tokugawa Ieyasu Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-(1543-1616)1616)
Tokugawa Ieyasu Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-(1543-1616)1616)Appointed Appointed
shogun by shogun by the Emperor. the Emperor.
Four-class Four-class system system laid down with laid down with marriage marriage restrictedrestricted to members of to members of thethe same class! same class!
§ Warriors.Warriors.
§ Farmers.Farmers.
§ Artisans.Artisans.
§ Merchants.Merchants.
Tokugawa Shogunate Period
Tokugawa Shogunate PeriodJapan closed off to all trade
[except to the Dutch and Chinese]. § The Dutch were restricted to a small island in Nagasaki harbor.
Japanese Christians persecuted and Christianity is forbidden. The government is centralized with all power in the hands of the shogun. Domestic trade flourishes. Towns, esp. castle towns, increase. Merchant class becomes rich! New art forms haiku poetry, kabuki theater.