japan arch

7/24/2019 Japan Arch

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NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

BS ARCHITECTUREHISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 3

BSARCH-31E1

Japanese ArchitectureIntroduction

Japanese architecture (Nihon kenchiku) hastraditionally !!n ty"i#!d y $ood!n str%t%r!s'!l!at!d slihtly o* th! ro%nd' $ith til!d orthath!d roo+s, Slidin doors (fusuma) $!r! %s!din "la! o+ $alls' allo$in th! int!rnalon#%ration o+ a s"a! to ! %sto-i.!d to

di*!r!nt oasions, /!o"l! %s%ally sat on %shionsor oth!r$is! on th! 0oor' traditionally1 hairs andhih tal!s $!r! not $id!ly %s!d %ntil th! 23th!nt%ry, Sin! th! 45th !nt%ry' ho$!!r' 6a"anhas inor"orat!d -%h o+ 7!st!rn' moern' and post-moernarhit!t%r! intoonstr%tion and d!sin' and is today a l!ad!r in %ttin8!d! arhit!t%ral d!sinand t!hnoloy,

Th! !arli!st 6a"an!s! arhit!t%r! $as s!!n in "r!histori ti-!s in si-"l! "it8ho%s!sand stor!s that $!r! ada"t!d to a h%nt!r8ath!r!r"o"%lation, In0%!n! +ro- Han!"nast"China ia 9or!asa$ th! introd%tion o+ -or! o-"l!: rain stor!s and!r!-onial %rial ha-!rs,

Th! introd%tion into 6a"an o+ B%ddhis-in th! si:th !nt%ry $as a atalyst +or lar!sal! t!-"l!%ildin %sin o-"liat!d t!hni;%!s in $ood, In0%!n! +ro- th!Chin!s! T#an$and Sui


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aroad $!r! i-"ort!d to 6a"an %t rad%ally th! o%ntry ta%ht its o$n arhit!tsand !an to !:"r!ss its o$n styl!, Arhit!ts r!t%rnin +ro- st%dy $ith $!st!rnarhit!ts introd%!d th! Internationa)St")eo+ -od!rnis- into 6a"an, Ho$!!r'it $as not %ntil a+t!r th! S!ond 7orld7ar that 6a"an!s! arhit!ts -ad! ani-"r!ssion on th! int!rnational s!n!'#rstly $ith th! $or= o+ arhit!tsli=!(en*o Tan$eand th!n $ithth!or!tial -o!-!nts li=! &eta+o)ism.

General features of Japanese traditionalarchitecture

%h in th! traditional arhit!t%r! o+ 6a"an is not nati!' %t $as i-"ort!d +ro-China and oth!r Asian %lt%r!s o!r th! !nt%ri!s, 6a"an!s! traditional arhit!t%r!and its history ar! as a ons!;%!n! do-inat!d y Chin!s! and Asian t!hni;%!sand styl!s ("r!s!nt !!n in Ise Shrine' h!ld to ! th! ;%int!ss!n! o+ 6a"an!s!arhit!t%r!) on on! sid!' and y 6a"an!s! oriinal ariations on thos! th!-!s onth! oth!r,

/artly d%! also to th! ari!ty o+ li-at!s in 6a"an and th! -ill!nni%- !no-"ass!d!t$!!n th! #rst %lt%ral i-"ort and th! last' th! r!s%lt is !:tr!-!lyh!t!ro!n!o%s' %t s!!ral "ratially %ni!rsal +!at%r!s an non!th!l!ss ! +o%nd,First o+ all is th! hoi! o+ -at!rials' al$ays $ood in ario%s +or-s ("lan=s' stra$'tr!! ar=' "a"!r' !t,) +or al-ost all str%t%r!s, Unli=! oth 7!st!rn and so-!Chin!s! arhit!t%r!' th! %s! o+ ston! is aoid!d !:!"t +or !rtain s"!i# %s!s' +or!:a-"l! t!-"l! poiaandpa$oa+o%ndations,

Th! !n!ral str%t%r! is al-ost al$ays th! sa-! "ostsand lint!lss%""ort a lar!and !ntly %r!d roo+' $hil! th! $alls ar! "a"!r8thin' o+t!n -oal! and in anyas! non8arryin, Arh!s and arr!l roo+s ar! o-"l!t!ly as!nt, Gal! and !a!%r!s ar! !ntl!r than in China and ol%-narentasis(on!:ity at th! !nt!r)li-it!d,

Th! roo+ is th! -ost is%ally i-"r!ssi! o-"on!nt' o+t!n onstit%tin hal+ th! si.!

o+ th! $hol! !di#!, Th! slihtly %r!d !a!s!:t!nd +ar !yond th! $alls'o!rin !randas' and th!ir $!iht -%st th!r!+or! ! s%""ort!d y o-"l!:ra=!t syst!-s all!d toky' in th! as! o+ t!-"l!s and shrin!s, Si-"l!r sol%tions

ar! ado"t!d in do-!sti str%t%r!s, Th! o!rsi.! !a!s i! th! int!rior aharat!risti di-n!ss' $hih ontri%t!s to th! %ildin@s at-os"h!r!, Th! int!rioro+ th! %ildin nor-ally onsists o+ a sinl! roo- at th! !nt!r all!d moya' +ro-$hih d!"art any oth!r l!ss i-"ortant s"a!s,

Inn!r s"a! diisions ar! 0%id' and roo- si.! an ! -odi#!d thro%h th! %s! o+sr!!ns or -oal! "a"!r $alls, Th! lar!' sinl! s"a! o*!r!d y th! mainha))an th!r!+or! ! diid!d aordin to th! n!!d, To th! ontrary' so-! $alls an

The roof is the doinant feature of traditional Japanese

architecture.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_style_(architecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_style_(architecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenzo_Tangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolist_Movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ise_Shrinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lintelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entasishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eaveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toky%C5%8Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moya_(architecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Hall_(Japanese_Buddhism)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Hall_(Japanese_Buddhism)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_style_(architecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_style_(architecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_style_(architecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenzo_Tangehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolist_Movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ise_Shrinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podiumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lintelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entasishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eaveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toky%C5%8Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moya_(architecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Hall_(Japanese_Buddhism)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Hall_(Japanese_Buddhism)


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! r!-o!d and di*!r!nt roo-s oin!d t!-"orarily to -a=! s"a! +or so-! -or!%!sts, Th! s!"aration !t$!!n insid! and o%tsid! is its!l+ in so-! -!as%r! notasol%t! as !ntir! $alls an ! r!-o!d' o"!nin a r!sid!n! or t!-"l! to isitors,D!randas a""!ar to ! "art o+ th! %ildin to an o%tsid!r' %t "art o+ th! !:t!rnal$orld to thos! in th! %ildin, Str%t%r!s ar! th!r!+or! -ad! to a !rtain !:t!nt "arto+ th!ir !niron-!nt, Car! is ta=!n to l!nd th! !di#! into th! s%rro%ndin nat%ral!niron-!nt,

Th! %s! o+ onstr%tion -od%l!s =!!"s "ro"ortions !t$!!n di*!r!nt "arts o+ th!!di#! onstant' "r!s!rin its o!rall har-ony,

E!n in as!s as that o+ %i,, Tsh-$.' $h!r! !!ry aailal! s"a! is h!ailyd!orat!d' orna-!ntation t!nds to +ollo$' and th!r!+or! !-"hasi.!' rath!r thanhid!' asi str%t%r!s,

B!in shar!d y oth sar!d and "ro+an! arhit!t%r!' th!s! +!at%r!s -ad! it !asyon!rtin a lay %ildin into a t!-"l! or i! !rsa, This ha""!n!d +or !:a-"l!

at Hr".-'i' $h!r! a nol!$o-an@s -ansion $as trans+or-!d into a r!liio%s%ildin,

!rehistoric !eriod

Th! "r!histori "!riod inl%d!s th!Jmon'Ya"oiand (o/un"!riods str!thin+ro- a""ro:i-at!ly 333 BCE to th! !innin o+ th! !ihth !nt%ry CE,


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a= old to-8-o%nd)' o+t!n -ad! %s! o+ th! !:istin to"ora"hy' sha"in it andaddin -an8-ad! -oats to +or- a distinti! =!yhol! sha"!' i,!, that o+ a irl!int!ronn!t!d $ith a trianl!, A!ss $as ia a !rtial sha+t that $as s!al!d o*on! th! %rial $as o-"l!t!d, Th!r! $as roo- insid! th! ha-!r +or a on andra! oods, Th! -o%nds $!r! o+t!n d!orat!d $ith t!rraotta#%r!sall!d haniwa, Lat!r in th! "!riod -o%nds !an to ! loat!d on 0at ro%nd andth!ir sal! r!atly inr!as!d, A-on -any !:a-"l!s in %araand Osa,a' th! -ostnotal! is th! Daisen-kofun' d!sinat!d as th! to- o+ Emperor %into,u, Th!to- o!rs 2 h!tar!s (J5 ar!s) and it is tho%ht to ha! !!n d!orat!d $ith23'333 haniwa#%r!s,

To$ards th! !nd o+ th! 9o+%n "!riod' to- %rials +ad!d o%t as B%ddhistr!-ation!r!-oni!s ain!d "o"%larity,

Asu"a and #ara Architecture

Th! -ost sini#ant ontri%tor to arhit!t%ral han!s d%rin th! Asu,aperio$as th! introd%tion o+ Buhism, N!$t!-"l!s !a-! !nt!rs o+ $orshi" $ith to- %rial"rati!s slo$ly !o-in o%tla$!d, Also' B%ddhis-ro%ht to 6a"an and kami$orshi" th! id!a o+"!r-an!nt shrin!s and a! to Shintoarchitecture-%h o+ its "r!s!nt oa%lary,

So-! o+ th! !arli!st str%t%r!s still !:tant in 6a"an ar!B%ddhist t!-"l!s !stalish!d at this ti-!, Th! old!sts%riin $ood!n %ildins in th! $orld ar! +o%nd at Hr".-'i' to th! so%th$!st o+%ara, First %ilt in th! !arly Jth !nt%ry as th! "riat! t!-"l! o+ Cro$n rinceShto,u' it onsists o+ K4 ind!"!nd!nt %ildins1 th! -ost i-"ortant on!s' th!-ain $orshi" hall' or Kon-d(Gold!n Hall)' and th! #!8story "aoda)' stand in th!!ntr! o+ an o"!n ar!a s%rro%nd!d y a roo+!d loist!r (kair), Th! (on-' in th!

$econstructed d%ellings

inYoshinogari

R!onstr%t!d rais!d80oor %ildin

$econstructed grain storehouse inToro, &hi'uo"a
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terracottahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haniwahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara,_Narahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osakahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Nintokuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_in_Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asuka_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asuka_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Buddhist_architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinto_architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinto_architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C5%8Dry%C5%AB-jihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara_Prefecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Sh%C5%8Dtokuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Sh%C5%8Dtokuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Hall_(Japanese_Buddhism)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kair%C5%8Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoshinogari_sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoshinogari_sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terracottahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haniwahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara,_Narahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osakahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Nintokuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_in_Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoshinogari_sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoshinogari_sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asuka_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asuka_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Buddhist_architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinto_architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinto_architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C5%8Dry%C5%AB-jihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara_Prefecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Sh%C5%8Dtokuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Sh%C5%8Dtokuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Hall_(Japanese_Buddhism)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kair%C5%8D


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styl! o+ Chin!s! $orshi"halls' is a t$o8story str%t%r! o+ "ost8and8!a-onstr%tion' a""!d y an irimoya' or hi""!d8al!d' roo+ o+ !ra-i til!s,

Hei'-,"' -od!rn day %ara' $as +o%nd!d in J3> as th! #rst "!r-an!nt a"ital o+stat! o+ 6a"an, Th! layo%t o+ its h!=!roard str!!ts and %ildins $!r! -od!l!da+t!r th! Chin!s! a"ital o+ Chan$#an, Th! ity soon !a-! an i-"ortant !ntr! o+B%ddhist $orshi" in 6a"an, Th! -ost randios! o+ th!s! t!-"l!s $as Tai'i' %iltto rial t!-"l!s o+ th! Chin!s! T#an$and Sui


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(eian !eriod

Altho%h th! n!t$or= o+ B%ddhist t!-"l!s aross th! o%ntry at!d as a atalyst +oran !:"loration o+ arhit!t%r! and %lt%r!' this also l!d to th! l!ry ainininr!as!d "o$!r and in0%!n!, Emperor (ammud!id!d to !sa"! this in0%!n!y -oin his a"ital #rst to %a$ao,a-,"and th!n to Heian-,"' =no$n todayas ("to, Altho%h th! layo%t o+ th! ity $as si-ilar to Nara@s and ins"ir!d yChin!s! "r!!d!nts' th! "ala!s' t!-"l!s and d$!llins !an to sho$ !:a-"l!s o+

loal 6a"an!s! tast!,

H!ay -at!rials li=! ston!' -ortar and lay $!r! aandon!d as %ildin !l!-!nts'$ith si-"l! $ood!n $alls' 0oors and "artitions !o-in "r!al!nt, Nati! s"!i!sli=! cear(sugi) $!r! "o"%lar as an int!rior #nish !a%s! o+ its "ro-in!nt rain'$hil! pine(matsu) and )arch(aka matsu) $!r! o--on +or str%t%ral %s!s, Bri=roo#n til!s and a ty"! o+ y"r!ss all!d hinoki$!r! %s!d +or roo+s, It $as so-!ti-!d%rin this "!riod that th! hien roo/' a %ni;%!ly 6a"an!s! sol%tion to roo+draina! "rol!-s' $as ado"t!d,

Th! inr!asin si.! o+ %ildins in th! a"ital l!d to arhit!t%r! r!liant on ol%-ns

r!%larly s"a!d in aordan! $ith th! ken' a traditional -!as%r! o+ oth si.! and"ro"ortion, Th! I-"!rial /ala! Shishindend!-onstrat!d a styl! that $as a"r!%rsor to th! lat!r aristorati8styl! o+ %ildin =no$n as shinden-zukuri, Th!styl! $as harat!ri.!d y sy--!trial %ildins "la!d as ar-s that d!#n!d aninn!r ard!n, This ard!n th!n %s!d +orro2e scener"to s!!-inly l!nd $ithth! $id!r landsa"!,

Gold!n T!-"l! atTshdai8i' Nara'

Nara

!agoda atHokki-ji,Ikaruga, Nara

uilt in 7*+
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Kammuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagaoka-ky%C5%8Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heian-ky%C5%8Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyotohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptomeriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamaecyparis_obtusahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidden_roofhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_(architecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heian_Palacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinden-zukurihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borrowed_sceneryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Dsh%C5%8Ddai-jihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara,_Narahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara,_Narahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokki-jihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokki-jihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokki-jihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikaruga,_Narahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Dsh%C5%8Ddai-jihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara,_Narahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara,_Narahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokki-jihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikaruga,_Narahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Kammuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagaoka-ky%C5%8Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heian-ky%C5%8Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyotohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptomeriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamaecyparis_obtusahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidden_roofhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_(architecture)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heian_Palacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinden-zukurihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borrowed_scenery


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Th! hi!+ s%riin !:a-"l! o+ shinden-zukuriarhit!t%r! is th! H--d(/ho!ni:Hall' o-"l!t!d 43) o+ B"-in' a t!-"l! in U'ito th! so%th!ast o+ 9yto, Itonsists o+ a -ain r!tan%lar str%t%r! 0an=!d y t$o L8sha"!d $in orridors anda tail orridor' s!t at th! !d! o+ a lar! arti#ial "ond, Insid!' a sinl! old!n i-a!o+ Amia(ira 43) is install!d on a hih "lat+or-, Rai$o(

r!thin= th! "rol!-s o+ t!-"l!onstr%tion' and in so doin to hoos!-or! indi!no%s !l!-!nts o+ d!sin,

At this ti-! th! arhit!t%ral styl! o+B%ddhist t!-"l!s !an to in0%!n!that o+ th! Shint shrines, For!:a-"l!' li=! th!ir B%ddhisto%nt!r"arts th! Shintshrin!s !an to "aint th! nor-ally %n#nish!d ti-!rs$ith th! harat!risti r!d cinna+arolor,


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Kaa"ura and uroachi !eriods

4)and th! +ollo$in &uromachiperio(4?4J)' 6a"an!s! arhit!t%r! -ad! t!hnoloial adan!s that-ad! it so-!$hat di!r! +ro- its Chin!s! o%nt!r"art, In r!s"ons! to nati!r!;%ir!-!nts s%h as !arth;%a=! r!sistan! and sh!lt!r aainst h!ay rain+all andth! s%--!r h!at and s%n' th! -ast!r ar"!nt!rs o+ this ti-! r!s"ond!d $ith a%ni;%! ty"! o+ arhit!t%r!' r!atin th! !ai+utsu"and 5ensh."styl!s,

Th! 9a-a=%ra "!riod !an $ith th! trans+!r o+ "o$!r in 6a"an +ro- th! i-"!rialo%rt to th! (ama,ura sho$unate, 344>)' -anytraditional %ildinsin Nara and 9yoto $!r! da-a!d, For !:a-"l!' (/u,u-'iand Tai-'i$!r! %rn!d do$n y Taira no Shi$ehirao+ th! Taira c)anin 44>3,

any o+ th!s! t!-"l!s and shrin!s $!r! lat!r r!%ilt y th! 9a-a=%ra sho%nat! toonsolidat! th! sho%n@s a%thority,

Altho%h l!ss !laorat! than d%rin th! Heian perio' arhit!t%r! in th!(ama,ura perio$as in+or-!d y a si-"liity d%! to its assoiation $ith th!-ilitary ord!r, N!$ r!sid!n!s %s!d a buke-zukuristyl! that $as assoiat!d $ith%ildins s%rro%nd!d y narro$ -oats or sto=ad!s,

d!orat!d $ith la;%!rand old l!a+' in ontrast to its oth!r$is! si-"l! str%t%r!and "lain ar= roo+s,

In an att!-"t to r!in in th! !:!ss o+ th! %""!r lass!s' th! 5en-ast!rs introd%!dth! tea ceremon", In arhit!t%r! this "ro-ot!d th! d!sin o+ chashitsu(t!a

Ty"ialmin,a8styl! gassh-

a$oa o/ Ichi'-'i'9asai'Hyo
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamakura_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ichij%C5%8D-jihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasai,_Hy%C5%8Dgohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hy%C5%8Dgo_Prefecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muromachi_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muromachi_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daibutsuy%C5%8Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zensh%C5%ABy%C5%8Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamakura_shogunatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genpei_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gassh%C5%8D-zukurihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minkahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%8Dfuku-jihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%8Dfuku-jihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Ddai-jihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taira_no_Shigehirahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taira_clanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinden-zukurihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashikaga_shogunatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinkaku-jihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacquerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_leafhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_tea_ceremonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chashitsuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gassh%C5%8D-zukurihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minkahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minkahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ichij%C5%8D-jihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ichij%C5%8D-jihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasai,_Hy%C5%8Dgohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasai,_Hy%C5%8Dgohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hy%C5%8Dgo_Prefecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hy%C5%8Dgo_Prefecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minkahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gassh%C5%8D-zukurihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ichij%C5%8D-jihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ichij%C5%8D-jihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasai,_Hy%C5%8Dgohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hy%C5%8Dgo_Prefecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamakura_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muromachi_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muromachi_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daibutsuy%C5%8Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zensh%C5%ABy%C5%8Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamakura_shogunatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genpei_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%8Dfuku-jihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%8Dfuku-jihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Ddai-jihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taira_no_Shigehirahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taira_clanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogunhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinden-zukurihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashikaga_shogunatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinkaku-jihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacquerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_leafhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_tea_ceremonyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chashitsu


10/23

ho%s!s) to a -od!st si.! $ith si-"l!d!tailin and -at!rials, Th! styl!in+or-!d r!sid!ntial arhit!t%r! $ithliht!r' -or! inti-at! %ildins r!lyin onsl!nd!r ra+t!rs and "illars $ith slidininn!r "artitions fusumaand o%t!r slidin$alls shji, Altho%h $o!n rass and

stra$ tatami-ats #rst !an to a""!ar in th! 9a-a=%ra "!riod' th!y $!r! o+t!nthro$n all o!r th! 0oor, In th! %ro-ahi "!riod th!y !an to ha! a r!%lar si.!and ! los!ly #tt!d to!th!r, A ty"ially si.!d Chashitsuis K 4M2 -ats in si.!,

In th! ard!n' !n "rini"l!s r!"la!d $at!r $ith sand or ra!l to "rod%! th! dryard!n (karesansui) li=! th! on! at R"an-'i,

Shfuku-ji, Toko,-opleted in 1*7

!an'o$aran Fuo-int,9ya' 7a=aya-a

R"an-'idry ard!n in
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusumahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C5%8Djihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatamihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karesansuihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dan-jihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dfuku-ji_(Higashimurayama)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dfuku-ji_(Higashimurayama)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mt._K%C5%8Dyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mt._K%C5%8Dyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mt._K%C5%8Dyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakayama_Prefecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dan-jihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusumahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C5%8Djihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatamihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karesansuihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dan-jihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dfuku-ji_(Higashimurayama)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mt._K%C5%8Dyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mt._K%C5%8Dyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakayama_Prefecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dan-ji


11/23


12/23


13/23

A'uchi/ooyaa !eriod


14/23

ard!ns and +orti#!d %ildins, All o+ this $as s!t $ithin -assi! ston! $alls ands%rro%nd!d y d!!" -oats, Th! dar= int!riors o+ astl!s $!r! o+t!n d!orat!d yartists' th! s"a!s $!r! s!"arat!d %" %sin slidin fusuma"an!ls and bybu+oldinsr!!ns,

Th! shoin styethat had its oriins $ith th! chashitsuo+ th! %ro-ahi "!riodontin%!d to ! r!#n!d, D!randas lin=!d th! int!riors o+ r!sid!ntial %ildins $ithhihly %ltiat!d !:t!rior ard!ns,!usumaand bybu!a-! hihly d!orat!d $ith"aintins and o+t!n an int!rior roo- $ith sh!lin and alo! (tokonoma) $!r! %s!dto dis"lay art $or= (ty"ially a hanin sroll),

&atsumoto0 (umamotoand Hime'i("o"%larly =no$n as th! 7hit! H!ron astl!)ar! !:!ll!nt !:a-"l!s o+ th! astl!s o+ th! "!riod' $hil! %i'o Cast)ein 9yto is an!:a-"l! o+ astl! arhit!t%r! l!nd!d $ith that o+ an i-"!rial "ala!' to "rod%! astyl! that is -or! in =!!"in $ith th! Chin!s! in0%!n! o+ "r!io%s !nt%ri!s,

Ao! L!+t Hime'i Cast)ein Hi-!i' Hyoo,Co-"l!t!d in 4?4>Ao! Riht The &ain To2er("reat#enshu) o+ th!astl!Matsumoto #ast$einatsuoto, #agano,

-opleted in 1+**.

0ry stone %alls ofKumamoto #ast$e,

-opleted in 1+**.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/By%C5%8Dbuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoin-zukurihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokonomahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matsumoto_Castlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumamoto_Castlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himeji_Castlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nijo_Castlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matsumoto_Castlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matsumoto_Castlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matsumoto,_Naganohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matsumoto_Castlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matsumoto,_Naganohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matsumoto,_Naganohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumamoto_Castlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumamoto_Castlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumamoto_Castlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/By%C5%8Dbuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoin-zukurihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokonomahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matsumoto_Castlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumamoto_Castlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himeji_Castlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nijo_Castlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matsumoto_Castlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matsumoto,_Naganohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumamoto_Castle


15/23


16/23


17/23

do !eriod

Th! To,u$a2a Sho$unatetoo= th! ity o+ Eo(lat!r to !o-! "art o+ -od!rnday T,") as th!ir a"ital, Th!y %ilt ani-"osin +ortr!ss aro%nd $hih %ildinso+ th! stat! ad-inistration and r!sid!n!s+or th! "roinial aim"s$!r!onstr%t!d, Th! ity r!$ aro%nd th!s!%ildins onn!t!d y a n!t$or= o+roads and anals, By 4J33CE th!"o"%lation had s$oll!n to on! -illioninhaitants, Th! sarity o+ s"a! +orr!sid!ntial arhit!t%r! r!s%lt!d in ho%s!s!in %ilt o!r t$o stori!s' o+t!nonstr%t!d on rais!d ston! "linths,

Altho%h machiya(to$nho%s!s) had !!naro%nd sin! th! H!ian "!riod th!y !an to ! r!#n!d d%rin th! Eoperio, $achiyaty"ially o%"i!d d!!"' narro$ "lots a%ttin th! str!!t (th!$idth o+ th! "lot $as %s%ally indiati! o+ th! $!alth o+ th! o$n!r)' o+t!n $ith a

$or=sho" or sho" on th! ro%nd 0oor, Til!s rath!r than thath $!r! %s!d on th! roo+and !:"os!d ti-!rs $!r! o+t!n "last!r!d in an !*ort to "rot!t th! %ildinaainst #r!,Ost!ntatio%s %ildins that d!-onstrat!d th! $!alth and "o$!r o+ th!+!%dal lords $!r! onstr%t!d' s%h as th! (ami"ashi,i o/ &atsuairaTaamasaor th!9*one Shimo"ashi,i,

Edo s%*!r!d adly +ro- d!astatin #r!s and th! 4?J 6reat Fire o/ &eire,i$asa t%rnin "oint in %ran d!sin, Initially' as a -!thod o+ r!d%in #r! s"r!ad' th!

%inomaru a)ace$ithin %i'o Cast)e'

U""!r r!sid!n! o+ ats%daira Tada-asa as d!"it!d

in th! %do-zu bybusr!!ns (4Jth !nt%ry)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokugawa_Shogunatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machiyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamiyashiki_of_Matsudaira_Tadamasahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamiyashiki_of_Matsudaira_Tadamasahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Czone_Shimoyashikihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Fire_of_Meirekihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nijo_Castlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nijo_Castlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokugawa_Shogunatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daimyohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machiyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamiyashiki_of_Matsudaira_Tadamasahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamiyashiki_of_Matsudaira_Tadamasahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Czone_Shimoyashikihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Fire_of_Meireki


18/23

o!rn-!nt %ilt ston! !-an=-!nts inat l!ast t$o loations alon ri!rs in th!ity, O!r ti-! th!s! $!r! torn do$n andr!"la!d $ith dzstor!ho%s!s that $!r!%s!d oth as #r! r!a=s and to stor!oods %nload!d +ro- th! anals,

Th! dz$!r! %ilt $ith a str%t%ral+ra-! -ad! o+ ti-!r oat!d $ith an%-!r o+ lay!rs o+ !arth!n "last!r onth! $alls' door and roo+, Ao! th!!arth!n roo+s $as a ti-!r +ra-!$or=s%""ortin a til!d roo+, Altho%h 6a"an!s!$ho had st%di!d $ith th!


19/23

Japanese uddhist Architecture

Japanese Buhist architectureis th! arhit!t%r! o+ B%ddhist t!-"l!s in 6a"an'onsistin o+ loally d!!lo"!d ariants o+ arhit!t%ral styl!s ornin China, A+t!r B%ddhis-arri!d th! ontin!nt :ia Three (in$oms o/ (oreain

th! ?th !nt%ry' an !*ort $as initially -ad! to r!"rod%! oriinal %ildins as+aith+%lly as "ossil!' %t rad%ally loal !rsions o+ ontin!ntal styl!s $!r!d!!lo"!d oth to -!!t 6a"an!s! tast!s and to sol! "rol!-s "os!d y loal$!ath!r' $hih is -or! rainy and h%-id than in China, Th! #rst B%ddhist s!ts$!r! %ara@s si: %anto Ro,ush.(Nara si& sects)' +ollo$!d d%rin th! H!ian "!riody ("oto@s Shin$onand Tenai, Lat!r' d%rin th! (ama,ura perio'in (ama,ura$!r! orn th!Joand th! nati! 6a"an!s! s!t %ichiren-sh., Atro%hly th! sa-! ti-! 5enB%ddhis- arri!d +ro- China' stronly in0%!nin alloth!r s!ts in -any $ays' inl%din arhit!t%r!, Th! soial o-"osition o+B%ddhis-@s +ollo$!rs also han!d radially $ith ti-!, In th! !innin it $as th!!lit!@s r!liion' %t slo$ly it s"r!ad +ro- th! nol! to $arriors' -!rhants and #nallyto th! "o"%lation at lar!, On th! t!hnial sid!' n!$ $ood$or=in tools li=! th!

+ra-!d "it sa$ and th! "lan!allo$!d n!$ arhit!toni sol%tions,

B%ddhist t!-"l!s and Shinto shrin!s shar! th!ir asi harat!ristis and o+t!ndi*!r only in d!tails that th! non8s"!ialist -ay not noti!, This si-ilarity is!a%s! th! shar" diision !t$!!n B%ddhist t!-"l!s and Shinto shrinesisr!!nt' datin to th! &ei'i perio@s "oliy o+ s!"aration o+ B%ddhis-and Shinto(Shin+utsu +unri) o+ 4>?>, B!+or! th! &ei'i Restorationit $aso--on +or a B%ddhist t!-"l! to ! %ilt insid! or n!:t to a shrin!' or +or a shrin!to inl%d! B%ddhist s%8t!-"l!s, I+ a shrin! ho%s!d aB%ddhist t!-"l!' it $as all!d ajing'-

ji(it( shrine tempe),Analoo%sly' t!-"l!s all o!r

6a"an %s!d to ado"tt%t!lary kami(chi nju) and %iltshrin!s $ithin th!ir "r!ints toho%s! th!-, A+t!r th! +oril!s!"aration o+ t!-"l!s and shrin!sord!r!d y th! n!$ o!rn-!nt'

Hondo of Kiomi'u-dera,Kyoto,uilt in 1+33
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiyomizu-derahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyotohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_temples_in_Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Koreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara,_Narahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_in_Japan#Asuka_and_Nara_Periodshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyotohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shingonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamakura_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamakura,_Kanagawahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C5%8Ddohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nichiren-sh%C5%ABhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plane_(tool)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinto_shrinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shintohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinbutsu_bunrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji_Restorationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jing%C5%AB-jihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jing%C5%AB-jihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiyomizu-derahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiyomizu-derahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyotohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyotohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiyomizu-derahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyotohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_temples_in_Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_of_Koreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara,_Narahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_in_Japan#Asuka_and_Nara_Periodshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyotohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shingonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamakura_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamakura,_Kanagawahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C5%8Ddohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nichiren-sh%C5%ABhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plane_(tool)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinto_shrinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shintohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinbutsu_bunrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji_Restorationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jing%C5%AB-jihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jing%C5%AB-jihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kami


20/23

th! onn!tion !t$!!n th! t$o r!liions $as oially s!!r!d' %t ontin%!dnon!th!l!ss in "rati! and is still isil! today,

B%ddhist arhit!t%r! in 6a"an d%rin th! o%ntry@s $hol! history has asor!d-%h o+ th! !st aailal! nat%ral and h%-an r!so%r!s, /arti%larly !t$!!n th!>th and th! 4?th !nt%ri!s' it l!d th! d!!lo"-!nt o+ n!$ str%t%ral and orna-!ntal+!at%r!s, For th!s! r!asons' its history is ital to th! %nd!rstandin o+ not onlyB%ddhist arhit!t%r! its!l+' %t also o+ 6a"an!s! art in !n!ral,

-oon Teple eatures

)utsudenor )utsu-d lit, Hall o+ B%ddha,

A*ent!-"l!@s main ha, S!!-s to ha! t$o stori!s' %t has in +at

only on! and -!as%r!s !ith!r : or : ays,

Any %ildin !nshrinin th! stat%! o+ B%ddha or o+ a bodhisatt+aand

d!diat!d to "ray!r,

chinjusha a s-all shrine%ilt at

a B%ddhist tempeand d!diat!d toits t%t!lary =a-i,

chzuya s!! temizuya,

ch'mon in a t!-"l!' th! at!

a+t!r th! naindaimononn!t!d toa kair,

d Lit, hall, S%: +or th! na-!

o+ th! %ildins "art o+ a t!-"l!,

(Ishi"ama-era)

sa Hachiman-g"is no% a &hinto shrine, but

used to be also a teple
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butsudenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinjushahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishiyama-derahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usa_Hachiman-g%C5%ABhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usa_Hachiman-g%C5%ABhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishiyama-derahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usa_Hachiman-g%C5%ABhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butsudenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinjusha


21/23

Th! "r!#: an ! th! na-! o+ a d!ity assoiat!d $ith it (!,, Ya=%shi8d' orYa=%shi hall) or !:"r!ss th! %ildin@s +%ntion $ithin th! t!-"l!@s o-"o%nd(!,, hon8d' or -ain hall),

garan s!! shichi-d garan,

hatt lit, Dharmahall, A %ildin d!diat!d to l!t%r!s y th! hi!+ "ri!st

on B%ddhis-@s sri"t%r!s (th! h),

hj th! liin ;%art!rs o+ th! h!ad "ri!st o+ a !n t!-"l!,

Hokke-d lit, Lot%s Stra hall, InT!ndaiB%ddhis-' a hall $hos! layo%t

allo$s $al=in aro%nd a stat%! +or -!ditation, Th! "%r"os! o+ $al=in is toon!ntrat! on th! Hokekyand s!!= th! %lti-at! tr%th,

honb r!sid!n! o+ th!jushoku' or h!ad "ri!st' o+ a t!-"l!,

Kair a lon and roo+!d "ortio8li=! "assa! onn!tin t$o %ildins,

kaisan-d +o%nd!r@s hall' %s%ally at a !n t!-"l!, B%ildin !nshrinin a

stat%!' "ortrait or -!-orial tal!t o+ th! +o%nd!r o+ !ith!r th! t!-"l! or th! s!tit !lons to, 6do s!t t!-"l!s o+t!n all it miei-d,

karamon !n!ri t!r- +or a at! $ith an arh!d roo+,

karesansui lit, Dry andscape, It is a 6a"an!s! ro= ard!n' o+t!n "r!s!nt in

!n t!-"l!s' and so-!ti-!s +o%nd in t!-"l!s o+ oth!r s!ts too,

katmado a !ll sha"!d $indo$ oriinally d!!lo"!d at !n t!-"l!s inChina' %t $id!ly %s!d y oth!r B%ddhist s!ts as $!ll as in lay %ildins,

kon-d lit, Gold!n Hall' it is th! -ain hall o+ a garan' ho%sin th! -ain

o!t o+ $orshi", Unli=! a butsuden' it is a tr%! t$o8story %ildin (altho%h th!s!ond story -ay so-!ti-!s ! -issin) -!as%rin 5 : J ays,

konr o!r!d orridor !t$!!n t$o %ildins

koror kur to$!r ho%sin a dr%- that -ar=s th! "assin o+ ti-!, It %s!d

to +a! th! shrand li! n!:t to th! k-d' %t no$ th! dr%- is %s%ally =!"t in

th! rmon,

Kuin =ith!nMo! o+ a !n garan, A %ildin hostin th! all!ys' th!

=ith!n' and th! o!s o+ a t!-"l!, Us%ally sit%at!d in +ront and to th! sid! o+th! butsuden' +ain th! s-d, Also all!d kuri,

Kuri s!! kuin
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porticohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karamonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karesansuihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kat%C5%8Dmadohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kon-d%C5%8Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porticohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karamonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karesansuihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kat%C5%8Dmadohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kon-d%C5%8D


22/23

ky-d s!! kyz,

kyz lit, Sri"t%r!s

mi-d a !n!ri honori# t!r- +or a %ildin $hih !nshrin!s a sar!d

stat%!,

iro=% Nyorai 6a"an!s! na-! o+ $aitreya,

$on a t!-"l!@s at!' $hih an ! na-!d a+t!r its "osition (nandaimon lit,

Gr!at So%th!rn Gat!)' its str%t%r! (nij'mon t$o stori!d at!)' a d!ity(Nimon lit, Nioat!)' or its %s! (onarimon lit, I-"!rial isit at!' a at!r!s!r!d to th! E-"!ror), Th! sa-! at! an th!r!+or! ! d!sri!d %sin -or!

than on! t!r-, For !:a-"l!' a Nimonan at th! sa-! ti-! ! anij'mon,

Nandaimon th! -ain so%th!rn at! o+ a t!-"l!' in "arti%lar that

at Nara@sTdai8i,

nij'mon a t$o8stori!d at! $ith a roo+ s%rro%ndin th! #rst 0oor,

Nimon a t$o8stori!d or hih at! %ard!d y t$o $ood!n %ardians

all!d Ni,

Noorir a o!r!d stair$ay at Nara@s Has!d!ra,

/aoda s!! stupaand t,

sai-d th! r!+!tory at a !n t!-"l! or -onast!ry,

sand8 th! a""roah l!adin +ro- a toriito a shrine, Th! t!r- is also %s!d

so-!ti-!s at B%ddhist t!-"l!s too,

sanmon th! at! in +ront o+ th! butsuden, Th! na-! is short +or

San!dats%-on' lit, "ate of the three iberations, Its thr!! o"!nins(k'monmusmonand muganmonsy-oli.! th! thr!! at!s to

!nliht!n-!nt, Ent!rin' on! an +r!! hi-s!l+ +ro- thr!! "assions (ton' orr!!d' shin' or hatr!d' and chi' or +oolishn!ss), Its si.! d!"!nds on th!t!-"l!@s ran=,

Sanr s-all %ildins at th! !nds o+ a t$o8stori!d !n at! ontainin th!

stairs to th! s!ond story,

Sekit a ston!pagoda(stupa),
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dz%C5%8Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%ABtrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maitreyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nij%C5%ABmonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C5%8Dmonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara,_Narahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Ddai-jihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nij%C5%ABmonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C5%8Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasederahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand%C5%8Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanmonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dz%C5%8Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%ABtrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maitreyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nij%C5%ABmonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C5%8Dmonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nara,_Narahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Ddai-jihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nij%C5%ABmonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C5%8Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasederahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand%C5%8Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanmon


23/23

shichid garan a do%l! o-"o%nd t!r- lit!rally -!anin s!!n halls and

(t!-"l!) %ildins, 7hat is o%nt!d in th! ro%" o+ s!!n %ildins'or shichid' an ary r!atly +ro- t!-"l! to t!-"l! and +ro- shool to shool, In"rati!' shichid garanan also -!an si-"ly a lar! o-"l!:,

Nanto okush'and lat!r non8!n shools Th! shichid garanin thisas! inl%d!s a kon-d' a t' a k-d' a shr' ajiki-d' a sb' and a kyz,

!n shools A !n shichid garaninl%d!s a butsudenor butsu-d'

a hatt' a ku.in' a s-d' a sanmon' a tsuand ayokushitsu,

shoin oriinally a st%dy and a "la! +or l!t%r!s on th! sutra$ithin a

t!-"l!' lat!r th! t!r- a-! to -!an %st a st%dy,

shr a t!-"l!@s !ll+ry' a %ildin +ro- $hih a !ll is h%n,

Sb Th! -on=s@ liin ;%art!rs in a non8!n aran

s-d Lit, on= Hall, A %ildin d!diat!d to th! "rati! o+*azen, It %s!d

to ! d!diat!d to all =inds o+ atiiti!s' +ro- !atin to sl!!"in' !nt!r!d on.a.!n,

smon th! at! at th! !ntran! o+ a t!-"l!, It "r!!d!s th! i!r and

-or! i-"ortant sanmon,

srin a s"ir! r!ahin %" +ro- th! !nt!r o+ th! roo+ o+ so-! t!-"l! halls'

ti!r!d li=! apagoda,

sotobaor sota translit!ration o+ th! Sans=rit stupa,

Apagoda, To$!r $ith an odd n%-!r o+ ti!rs (thr!!' #!' s!!n nin!'

or thirt!!n),

Stri"s o+ $ood l!+t !hind to-s d%rin ann%al !r!-oni!s (tsuizen)

sy-oli.in a stupa, Th! %""!r "art is s!-!nt!d li=! apagodaand arri!s

Sans=rit insri"tions' sutras' and th! kaimy("osth%-o%s na-!) o+ th!

d!!as!d,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shichid%C5%8D_garanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dr%C5%8Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%8Dmonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%8Drinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posthumous_namehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shichid%C5%8D_garanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dr%C5%8Dhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%8Dmonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%8Drinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posthumous_name

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