Japan and the Japan and the KoreasKoreas

Early History: Japan

700s A.D.Had EmperorJapan – Feudal systemReligion – Shinto

Respect for nature and ancestors

1100s - Emperor lost powerPower rested with Shogun

•Shogun – powerful warlordShogun – powerful warlord•Samurai – professional Samurai – professional

warriorswarriors–Served shogunServed shogun

•Peasants – farmed and dug Peasants – farmed and dug ditches ditches

•Merchants and artisans Merchants and artisans

• Under this feudal system; local lords invaded each other

Threat of Mongolians

Forces Japanese lords to unite 1274 – 1st invasion sent by

Kublai Kahn Japanese fended off

1281 – 2nd invasion force Japanese were ready Built wall – unable to land

•MongolMongol Fleet Fleet– LargeLarge ships filled with men; ships filled with men; huge armadahuge armada

•JapaneseJapanese Fleet Fleet– SmallSmall, light, crafts, light, crafts

Fleet destroyed by typhoonsFleet destroyed by typhoons kamikazekamikaze or “ or “divine winddivine wind”” Mongols never returned Mongols never returned

KamikazeKamikaze

•WW II – the suicide pilots WW II – the suicide pilots

Map of the Japanese Empire at Map of the Japanese Empire at its height in 1942. its height in 1942.

Japanese Zero

Doris “Dorie” Miller

African American Awarded the Navy Cross for heroism

during Pearl Harbor – Dec 7, 1941 “Above and Beyond the Call of Duty”

poster – used in WW II Died 1943

Admiral Nimitz Citation

• "For distinguished devotion to duty, extraordinary courage and disregard for his own personal safety during the attack on the Fleet in Pearl Harbor, Territory of Hawaii, by Japanese forces on December 7, 1941. While at the side of his Captain on the bridge, Miller, despite enemy strafing and bombing and in the face of a serious fire, assisted in moving his Captain, who had been mortally wounded, to a place of greater safety, and later manned and operated a machine gun directed at enemy Japanese attacking aircraft until ordered to leave the bridge”

• "Howard A. Wooten." Graduated December 1944 from Air Corps School, Tuskegee, AL. Ca. December 1944.

1600s to 1800s, Japan limits trade with Europeans

1853 – Commodore Matthew Perry, U.S. Navy, went to Japan to open trade

Treaty of Kanagawa – opened Japan to trade with America

Meiji Restoration

Samurai wanted reformsOverthrew last shogunRestored emperor’s powerMeiji – “enlightened rule”Capital moved to Tokyo

Emperor begins to modernize Emperor begins to modernize JapanJapan

18901890 – Japan has – Japan has strongeststrongest militarymilitary in Asia in Asia

1895 – take Taiwan1905 – take territory from Russia1910 – annex KoreaAfter WW I – gain more territories1937 – invade China

- 1939 – Hitler begins invasions

Korea

After WW IIAfter WW II

•Japan looses KoreaJapan looses Korea•North Korea – Soviet UnionNorth Korea – Soviet Union•South Korea – U.S. South Korea – U.S. •1949 – Soviet and U.S. 1949 – Soviet and U.S.

withdraw from Koreawithdraw from Korea

1950 – N. Korea invades S. Korea

U.S. helps defend S. KoreaChina steps in to help N. Korea1953 – two sides sign armistice,

or truce, to end the fighting

• DMZ – demilitarized zone

–Land between N. and S. Korea

–“buffer zone”

–No military forces enter

–38th parallel

North Korea

• Under communist leader – Kim Jong IL

• His father communist leader of China 1948-1994