january 2011 2

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Paper Reference(s)

7540/02London Examinations GCE

Physics

Ordinary Level

Paper 2

Monday 10 January 2011 – MorningTime: 2 hours

Materials required for examination Items included with question papers

Nil Nil

Instructions to Candidates

In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initial(s) and signature.Check that you have the correct question paper.Answer ALL the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper.

Information for Candidates

Calculators may be used.Where necessary, assume the acceleration of free fall, g = 10 m/s2.The total mark for this paper is 100. The marks for parts of questions are shown in round

brackets: e.g. (2).This paper has 5 questions. All blank pages are indicated.

Advice to Candidates

Write your answers neatly and in good English.In calculations, show all the steps in your working.

Examiner’s use only

Team Leader’s use only

Question LeaveNumber Blank

1

2

3

4

5

Total

Surname Initial(s)

Signature

Centre

No.

*N36636A0120*Turn over

Candidate

No.

Paper Reference

7 5 4 0 0 2

This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with

Edexcel Limited copyright policy.

©2011 Edexcel Limited.

Printer’s Log. No.

N36636AW850/U7540/57570 5/5/4/2/

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BLANK PAGE

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Turn over*N36636A0320*

Answer ALL the questions.

1. This question is about heat.

(a) (i) Define specific heat capacity.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

(1)

(ii) Calculate the amount of heat energy required to heat 400 g of water from 0 °C

to 50 °C.

[Specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J/(kg K)]

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

(3)

(iii) Calculate the time taken to heat this water using a heater rated at 700 W.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

(2)

(iv) Give two reasons why the time taken would be longer than your answer in (iii).

1 ..............................................................................................................................

2 ..............................................................................................................................

(2)

(v) Using only the information given in this question, explain why you would be

unable to calculate the heat energy required to heat 400 g of water from –10 °C

to +10 °C.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

(2)

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(b) In an effect called the Mpemba effect a quantity of hot water freezes completely in a

shorter time than the same quantity of cold water when both are placed in the same

freezer.

Two explanations of this effect are:

convection effects within the water

greater rate of evaporation of the warmer water reducing its mass.

(i) Describe the process of convection within a liquid.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

(3)

(ii) State two differences between evaporation and boiling.

1 ..............................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

2 ..............................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

(2)

(iii) Explain in terms of molecules why the mass of a liquid reduces during

evaporation.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

(2)

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(c) Another explanation of the Mpemba effect is that when the two containers of water

are placed next to each other on a freezer shelf, the container with the hot water melts

the ice on the shelf more quickly. So there is better thermal contact between this

container and the melted ice on the shelf.

Name the heat transfer process that takes place between the bottom of the container

of hot water and the melted ice beneath it.

.......................................................................................................................................

(1)

(d) The graphs below were obtained by cooling two samples of water from different

starting temperatures under identical conditions.

Explain why the graphs show the Mpemba effect. Your answer should quote data

from the graphs.

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

(2) Q1

(Total 20 marks)

40 –

20 –

0 –

–20 –

–

10 000

–

20 000

Time / s

T e m p e r a t u r e / ° C

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2. This question is about forces and gases.

The diagrams below show the action of a stopper for a bottle.

Diagram 1 Diagram 2

As the end of the handle is moved downwards, the block pushes down on the lid. The

plate is pulled upwards. The air in the rubber container is compressed. The rubber spreads

outwards. When the handle is horizontal a force F acts upwards on the block.

(a) (i) Define the moment of a force.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

(2)

(ii) Calculate the clockwise moment of the 12 N force about X in Diagram 2.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................(2)

(iii) Calculate F .

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

(2)

Handle

Rubber

container

Block

Plate

Air

Lid

5.0 cm

12 N

X

F

1.5cm

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(b) (i) State the size of air molecules.

................................................................................................................................

(1)

(ii) Describe the motion and spacing of air molecules within the rubber container.

motion .....................................................................................................................

spacing ....................................................................................................................

(2)

(iii) Explain how these molecules exert a pressure.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

(2)

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(c) The pressure of the air in the rubber container in Diagram 1 is 100 kPa and its volume

is 0.0000040 m3. In Diagram 2 its volume is 0.0000025 m3.

(i) Calculate the pressure of the air in the rubber container in Diagram 2.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

(2)

(ii) State two assumptions that you made in your calculation.

1 ..............................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

2 ..............................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

(2)

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(d) (i) Explain the term elastic behaviour.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

(2)

(ii) Why is it necessary for the rubber in the bottle stopper to show elastic

behaviour?

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

(2)

(iii) Give one reason why it would be unsuitable to use a metal bottle stopper.

................................................................................................................................

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(1) Q2

(Total 20 marks)

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3. This question is about electromagnetism.

(a) The diagram below shows an electromagnet being used to investigate how the

additional weight supported from a soft iron bar depends on the circuit current.

The table shows how the additional weight depends on the current.

Additional weight / N 0 1 2 3 4 5

Current / mA 25 75 125 175 225 275

(i) On the grid opposite, plot a graph of additional weight ( y-axis) against current( x-axis).

You should use a suitable scale for the x-axis that makes best use of the graph

paper. Draw a best fit line through the points.

(5)

0 to 12 V

d.c. supply

Additionalweight

Soft iron

bar

Soft iron core

– +

A

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(ii) Use your graph to find the current needed to support an additional weight of

2.8 N.

................................................................................................................................

(1)

(iii) On the grid, show clearly how you used the graph to obtain your answer.

(1)

(iv) What is the weight of the iron bar?

................................................................................................................................

(1)

(v) Explain why soft iron is used for the core of the electromagnet and for the bar.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

(2)

5 –

4 –

3 –

2 –

1 –

0 –

–1 –

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(b) A new railway line is being built between Shanghai and Hangzou in China. The

train uses magnetic levitation (Maglev), instead of wheels, to support aluminium

carriages above the track. Electromagnets raise the carriages above the concrete

guideway. Computers control the current through the electromagnets to keep a

10 mm air gap between the electromagnets and iron rails.

The diagram below shows a suitable arrangement of the electromagnets, iron rails andthe concrete guideway as might be seen when viewed from along the track.

(i) Suggest two advantages Maglev trains might have compared to trains running on

wheels.

Advantage 1 ...........................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

Advantage 2 ...........................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

(2)

Iron rail

Aluminiumcarriage

Concrete guideway

Electromagnet

10 mm air gap

Electromagnet

10 mm air gap

Iron rail

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(ii) As passengers board the train, the electromagnets maintain the air gap between

the electromagnets and the iron rails at 10 mm. State and explain how the

electromagnets achieve this.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

(2)

(iii) It is found that the electromagnets are not strong enough to maintain the air gap

at 10 mm when the train is fully loaded. Give two other changes which could be

made to the system to enable it to maintain the correct gap.

1 ..............................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

2 ..............................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

(2)

(iv) The journey from Shanghai to Hangzou is 170 000 m (170 km) and is expected

to take 30 minutes. Calculate the average speed of such a Maglev train.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

(2)

(v) Explain why it is essential that the electricity supply should not fail while the

train is moving.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

(2) Q3

(Total 20 marks)

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4. This question is about radioactivity.

(a) You are provided with a radioactive source, three absorbers, a GM detector and a

counter. The source is known to emit only alpha and gamma radiation. You are

asked to carry out an experiment to prove that the source emits only alpha and gamma

radiation.

(i) Why must the GM detector be placed less than 10 cm from the source?

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

(1)

(ii) List three materials you will need to use as absorbers.

1 ..............................................................................................................................

2 ..............................................................................................................................

3 ..............................................................................................................................

(3)

(iii) Describe how you would use the apparatus to carry out the experiment. You may

wish to draw a diagram.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

(6)

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(iv) Give one precaution you should take when carrying out experiments involving

radioactive sources.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

(1)

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(b) During the manufacture of the steel used for making the central support for a table

to be used in a restaurant, the steel becomes contaminated by a radioactive isotope,

polonium-209. This isotope emits an alpha particle to form an isotope of lead.

(i) Complete the decay equation shown below.

209Po

.......... +

..........Pb

.......... .......... 82

(3)

(ii) Shortly after the emission of the alpha particle, the isotope of lead emits a gamma

ray. What effect, if any, will this have on the composition of the lead nucleus?

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

(1)

(iii) Explain your answer by reference to the nature of gamma rays.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

(1)

Wooden table top Chair

Radioactive steel

support

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(iv) The manufacturer of the tables suggests that customers will not be at risk from

the radiation. To what extent will this be true, assuming their legs will be at least

30 cm from the steel support?

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

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(4) Q4

(Total 20 marks)

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5. This question is about waves and the design of an experiment.

A vibrating tuning fork, marked 512 Hz, is held over the open end of a tube full of water.

As the water is let out slowly using the tap, a louder note is heard when there is an air

column length l , as shown in the diagram. As more water is let out the note becomes

quieter again even though the tuning fork is still vibrating.

(a) (i) What is the name of this effect?

................................................................................................................................

(1)

(ii) Why is a louder note heard when the length is l ?

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

(2)

(iii) When the experiment is carried out using a tuning fork with a frequency of 512 Hz the louder note is heard when the length l is 0.16 m. The length of the air

column is ¼ of the wavelength of the sound wave. Calculate the speed of sound

in the air in the column.

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

(3)

l

Tap

Water

Air column

Vibrating tuning fork

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(b) A student decides to investigate the relationship between the frequency of the tuning

fork and length of the air column when the louder note is heard.

Describe how the student would carry out this investigation using the apparatus

shown.

Your account should include:

(i) two additional items of apparatus that will be needed,

1 ..............................................................................................................................

2 ..............................................................................................................................

(2)

(ii) a factor that will need to be controlled (kept constant) during the investigation,

................................................................................................................................(1)

(iii) two essential measurements that must be recorded,

1 ..............................................................................................................................

2 ..............................................................................................................................

(2)

(iv) a description of how the apparatus would be used,

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

(5)

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(v) a table for recording results, showing the column headings,

(2)

(vi) a sketch graph in the space below to show the expected results.

(2)

TOTAL FOR PAPER: 100 MARKS

END

00

Q5

(Total 20 marks)

january 2011 2

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