january 19, 2012 - finland - future learning environments...jan 03, 2011 · open university -...
TRANSCRIPT
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Managing the university campus: future scenarios and current crises
Alexandra den Heijer, MSc PhD
Faculty of Architecture, TU Delft, Netherlands
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CONTENT / Propositions 1.! Each university goal can be frustrated by the physical campus. 2. It takes a crisis – for example a fire – to change the academic
workplace. 3. The innovative and flexible knowledge economy can bring new
life to obsolete industrial heritage buildings. 4. The campus of the future is a city.
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Each university goal can be frustrated
by the physical campus
Elke universiteitsdoelstelling kan
door de fysieke campus worden gefrustreerd.
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competitive advantage
productivity
profitability
sustainable development
performance criteria university
2 scenarios:
1. invest in campus ! high capital costs ! at cost of resources education & research 2. neglect backlog maintenance ! productivity loss ! lower profitability ! lower rank
strategic
policy makers
functional
users
controllers
financial
technical
managers
physical
focus on university focus on real estate
str
ate
gic
o
pe
ratio
na
l
campus decision
Managing the university campus
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Strategic
Policy makers
Functional
Users
Controllers
Financial
Technical managers
Physical m2
UU-4 RU-1 RUG-3 TUD-3 RUG-2 UU-5 RUG-5 EUR-2
Utrecht / UU Nijmegen / RU Groningen / RUG Delft / TUD Groningen / RUG Utrecht / UU Groningen / RUG Rotterdam / EUR
WU-2 TUE-4 UT-1 UT-3 WU-1 EUR-1 TUD-1 TUE-2
Wageningen / WU Eindhoven / TUE Enschede / UT Enschede / UT Wageningen / WU Rotterdam / EUR Delft / TUD Eindhoven / TUE
RUG-4 LEI-1 UvA-1 TUD-2 UT-2 VU-2 RUG-6 LEI-2
Groningen / RUG Leiden / LEI Amsterdam / UvA Delft / TUD Enschede / UT Amsterdam / VU Groningen / RUG Leiden / LEI
UU-3 VU-1 UvT-1 UM-2 WU-3 EUR-3 RUG-1 UM-3
Utrecht / UU Amsterdam / VU Tilburg / UvT Maastricht / UM Wageningen / WU Rotterdam / EUR Groningen / RUG Maastricht / UM
RU-2 UvA-2 UU-1 TUE-1 UU-2 UM-1 TUE-3 TUD-4
Nijmegen / RU Amsterdam / UvA Utrecht / UU Eindhoven / TUE Utrecht / UU Maastricht / UM Eindhoven / TUE Delft/TUD
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"#J#""0%D*&)*&=#0"*L#4*!#"J)"C'%F#*0%.0F'&)"$B*strategic
goals to support, quality ambitions
functioneel
users,
satisfaction, mix of
functions / spaces
costs, benefits,
value
financial
m2, condition.
location, quality
physical
campus
management
competitive advantage
productivity
profitability
sustainable development
performance criteria university
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ADDING VALUE
controlling risks
decreasing costs
increasing real estate value
1
4
2
REAL ESTATE PROJECTS
(INPUT)
# users involved
types of m2
budget in euros
quality ambition
CREM
supporting user activities
increasing user satisfaction
increasing flexibility
reducing footprint 3
5
6
7
supporting image
supporting culture
stimulating innovation
stimulating collaboration
improving quality of place 8
9
10
11
12
Profitability
Sustainable development
Competitive advantage
Productivity
PERFORMANCE (OUTPUT)
PERFORMANCE (OUTPUT)
through strategic goals
through functional goals
through financial goals
through physical goals
strategic
dean
functional
financial
physical
executive board
public authorities
building users
campus users
city population
finance & control faculty
finance & control university
economic department
spatial department
portfolio managers
project managers
campus management information
university output
•! diplomas
•! degrees
•! publications
•! citations
•! Patents
•! knowledge workers
(alumni)
users
•! students
•! academic staff
•! support staff
•! city inhabitants
related to university
•! visitors related to
university
pri
mary
pro
cesses:
ed
ucati
on
, re
searc
h, kn
ow
led
ge v
alo
risati
on
space use, quality of space
competitive advantage
productivity
profitability
sustainable development
•! attractiveness
of city or region
•! university rankings
•! reputation of faculty
& departments
•! market share of
student enrolment
•! technical condition
•! m2 land property
•! m2 buildings
•! m2 per space type
•! carbon footprint
university per m2
•! carbon footprint city
•! m2 per user group
•! energy use per user
•! carbon footprint per user
•! quality of place: cultural, sports,
cafes and restaurants
•! accessibility: parking, public
space, infrastructure
•! local land prices
•! local rent levels
•! total costs of
ownership per m2
•! land value
•! replacement costs
per type of m2
•! maintenance costs
per m2
•! energy costs per
m2
economics: matching goals - resources
co
sts
& b
en
efi
ts o
f p
hysic
al re
so
urc
es
•! output per m2
•! occupancy rates
•! frequency rates
•! user satisfaction
•! users per m2
•! required function mix
•! required quality level
knowledge base
•! knowledge workers, alumni
•! diversity in urban population:
age, education, culture, lifestyle
•! student housing in units
•! hotel rooms, short stay apartments
•! housing for staff
economic base
•! value of university as employer
•! economic spin-off: GDP, start-ups
•! attractiveness city for businesses
•! purchasing power of users and
visitors related to university
•! costs of ownership / total costs
department chairman
specific users
specific managers
department finance
key performance indicators
(for measuring added value)
universities of technology (3)
agricultural university
Open University - distant learning
1
2
3
5
6
7
9
11
13
0 50 100 km
Amsterdam Enschede
Eindhoven
Delft
Groningen
Nijmegen
Maastricht
Leiden
Tilburg
Rotterdam
Wageningen Utrecht
Heerlen
T
A
A
T
T
T
14 universities in the Netherlands: 16 mln Dutch inhabitants
220,000 students 45,000 faculty/staff + 46 institutions for higher professional
education (“hogescholen”) source data: 2008
Universities in the Netherlands
16
stad stad
campus
campus
stad gebouwen
gebouwen
gebouwen
gebouwen
University campus in 2011
Bron: Managing the university campus (Den Heijer, 2011)
Decreasing public funding
Ageing campus (technically and
functionally)
More than 50 % of floor area is from
1960s and 1970s
Low occupancy and frequency rates
Sustainable campus ! “greening the
campus”
Increasing costs of campus
Expanding campus ! city
Problems internationally shared It takes a crisis – for instance a fire – to
change the academic workplace
Er is een crisis voor nodig – bijvoorbeeld een brand –
om de academische werkplek te veranderen.
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Aankondiging in Aula
Found a ‘new’ building
within 10 days sustainable
= re-use
ASSIGNMENT: relocate 3300 students and > 800 employees DEADLINE: renovate 320.000 sqft < 6 months + new construction 40.000 sqft < next 6 months
Project group representing
-! policy makers:
board of executives -! dean
-! controllers
-! users -! architects that
have known the
faculty for years
1. professors &
professionals
2. all parties
have studied or worked at
faculty
Foto’s bezoek Julianalaan
What we started with in June 2008!
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Facts 150 participating companies 25 consultancy / architecture firms 350 construction workers on site 800 orders 15 km sprinkler / 5500 sprinklers 30.000 litres paint 220 km data cables 5200 wall outlets
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Undergraduates < 4 months after fire
Project ready < 1 year
dean
construction architect facilities manager
controller
ICT
communication academic
+ program
professor + project
leader
architect
project managers
procurement The innovative and flexible knowledge economy can bring new life to obsolete industrial heritage buildings.
De innovatieve en flexibele kenniseconomie kan nieuw leven
geven aan industrieel erfgoed.
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Challenge the future Delft University of Technology
42.000 m2 V#,,3,'"*)bF#*$!'F#*0%*),.*I30,.0%D*M*'E#"'D#*)FF3!'%F4*"'&#*5Zc*
John 1,0 Dion 0,8
Gerard 1,0 (0,8)
Fred 1,0 Loes 0,6
Eva-C. 1,0
Monika 0,3 + Fridjof 0,4 (+)
Barbara 0,8
Erwin 1,0 Steffen 1,0
Guido 1,0 Jeroen B. 0,8
Marie-Therese 0,4 Andre 0,6
Everaert 0,5
Koos 1,0 (0,8)
SECRETARIAAT - Angie
- Anuschka - Laura
- Shanti
Ceciel 0,9
Marja 0,8 Jildou 0,9
11th floor – 13.5 m2 usable floor area / fte
D2IR-lab” - 5x student
MSc-lab - 50%
Leentje 1,0 Ellen 1,0
Louis 1,0 Ezra 1,0
Peter-Paul 1,0 Ruud B. 1,0
Rein dG 0,4 Casper 0,2
Stojanovic
Hans W. 0,8
Ada 0,8
Clarien 0,8 + UD Housing
Management
Wout 1,0 (0,8) Ineke 0,6
32.000 m2
Design the building as a city – reduce footprint (-15%), more shared / public space
•!Glass house 1
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GOALS ORGANISATION
1.! Community building
2.! More effective support of education, research & management
3.! Creating the place to meet
4.! Stimulate social interaction & intellectual interaction
5.! Flexible use of facilities
6.! Sustainable
Private ! Public space Contextual Concept: Connectivity and variety
6<=D>&LB9BLB@DBG&M*%#A*'F'.#C0F*A)"L!,'F#*Campus of the future: - sustainable solutions -! CO2 neutral campus -! less m2, more quality (photo: Wageningen)
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Campus of the future: - sharing laboratories and other expensive facilities
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Campus of the future: - creating the place to meet (photo: Library TU Delft)
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(BC<D?@M&OWK&Z<=&?OIL;J?@M[&&
& & &\<E]?=:&;9&I]EDB&^?@=BL?;L&CBG?M@_&
La Chaise&Screen,Charles&Ray Eames, 1948
Armchair, Ib Kofod-Lar-sen, ± 1950
LCM, Charles&Ray Eames, 1945 LCW, Charles&Ray Eames, 1945 Stool 60, Alvar Aalto,1933
Low Table Set, Frank Gehry,1972
LTR Table, Charles&RayEames, 1950
Revolt chair, Friso Kramer,1953
MedaMorph, Alberto Meda,2006
MedaPro+, Alberto Meda,1998
Chair, W.H. Gispen, 1929-1930
Metal Side Table,Ronan&Erwan Bouroullec,
Daybed, George Nelson, 1948 Nelson Tables, GeorgeNelson, 1960
Chair, unknown,1900-1910
EA108, Charles&Ray Eames,1958
Folding chair Dafne, RinaldiGastone, 1980
EA124, Charles&Ray Eames,1958
Elephant Stool, Sori Yanagi,1954
Armchair, G. Th Rietveld,1927
Elliptical Table ETR, Charles&Ray Eames, 1951 Gueridon, Jean Prouvé, 1949 Fauteuil, N.K. Roerichl,1904
EM Table, Jean Prouvé, 1950
Freeform Sofa, Isamu Noguchi, 1946 Armchair, Han Pieck, 1946-1948 Joyn, Ronan&Erwan Bouroullec, 200244 45
source: BK city guide – see http://www.bk.tudelft.nl/bkcity - photos & furniture by VITRA - http://www.vitra.com
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the academic workplace
place ! building ! city
one territorial office workplace ! many non-territorial places
The campus of the future is a city
De campus van de toekomst is een stad
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0 5 10km
Amsterdam
Enschede
Eindhoven
DelftGroningen Nijmegen
Maastricht Leiden
Tilburg RotterdamWageningenUtrecht
FUNCTION MIX – campus of the future
ACADEMIC: EDUCATION &
RESEARCH
RETAIL & LEISURE
RELATED BUSINESS
RESIDENTIAL
INFRASTRUCTURE
Campus of the future: student & faculty housing
image: DUWO
photos: DUWO
2011: “To share or not to be!”
ORGANISATIONAL LEVELS / potential partners for shared use, management and/or ownership
global continental national regional local university faculty department section individual
world Europe Netherlands region city campus building zone subzone place
PHYSICAL SCALES / resources to accommodate the required campus functions
ACADEMIC FUNCTIONS • EDUCATION & RESEARCH
RESIDENTIAL FUNCTIONS
RETAIL & LEISURE FUNCTIONS
RELATED BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
INFRASTRUCTURE FUNCTIONS
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STUDIO space Sept 1, 2008 Sept 4, 2008
Sept 18, 2008 Sept 18, 2008
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Reducing the footprint (1)
workplace for students:
•! brief: 5.6 m2
•! realized: 4.0 m2
•! 2011: 4.3 m2 •! 283 tables, 1530 ! 2260 chairs
•! 0.75 workplace / enrolled student
•! occupancy rate > 40%
m2 is usable floor area (m2 ufa)
source: report Fokkema & Partners / TU Delft, December 2007
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Reducing the footprint (2)
workplace for employees:
•! brief: 12 m2
•! realized: 14 m2
•! 2011: 11.2 m2 •! 470 ! 396 desks
•! 0.86 workplace / fte
•! occupancy rate 22% ! 27%
m2 is usable floor area (m2 ufa)
source: report Fokkema & Partners / TU Delft, December 2007
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PRIMARY FACTS
ORGANISATION
•!1400 BSc students "
•!1675 MSc students "
•! 450 FTE staff #
•! 800 employees #
•! 170 0,0 fte
•! 270 PARKING PLACES
AND MUCH MORE
BUILDING
•!700 BSC STUDIO DESKS
•!830 MSC STUDIO DESKS
•!470 DESKS
•!350 AVAILABLE EXTRA SEATS
•!044 MEETING ROOMS ! less
•!005 LECTURE HALLS
•!001 LIBRARY
•!001 RESTAURANT
•!003 BARS
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&Changing
the academic workplace
•! from private to more public space
•! from office space to a multifunctional working environment
•! from individual to shared - “to share or not to be!”
•! is expanding from a workplace to the campus and the city
•! trading quantity (per user) for quality of the working environment
•! increasingly paperless (paper determines territory!)
•! from one assigned workplace to many meaningful workplaces
or to finding the most comfortable workplace in every season
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Follow me on Twitter: @alexandra_dh
More about case BK city & book
“Managing the university campus”:
http://managingtheuniversitycampus.nl