January 13, 2013

• EQ- How was reconstruction carried out in the South?

• Standard- USH10

Table of Contents:86. Reconstruction Powerpoint notes87. Presidential v Congressional Reconstruction88. Reconstruction Review

Civil War and Reconstruction Test is

Friday!!!

Reconstruction1865-1877

USH 10

Significance of amendments…• 13th amendment:

abolished slavery!• 14th amendment: any person born

in the U.S. is a naturalized citizen!

• 15th amendment:

can’t deny any U.S. citizen the right to VOTE!

Atlanta after Sherman’s March to the Sea

Atlanta after being burned

Unusable railroad junction (Atlanta)

Photo of LIVING Andersonville prisoner (southern prison)

Reconstruction- 1865-1877• Rebuilding the South after the Civil War

Legally Politically Socially

• Southerners resisted Black codes KKK created

Presidential Radical Republican• Lenient on allowing

Southern states to re-enter.

• Moderate Republicans (both Lincoln and Johnson)

• It only punished the higher officers of the Confederate Army.

• Ten Percent Plan- Southern states had to– Ratify the 13th

– Disown secession – 10% of 1860 voters had

to take an oath of allegiance.

• Lincoln assassinated- Johnson continues it his way

• Congress hates it and tries to impeach

• Wanted to punish ALL of those who fought for the South.

• Wanted to have military rule in the South. The military would appoint governors to control different sections of the South.

• Led by “Radical Republicans” in Congress

• Wade-Davis bill- Southern states:– Ratify 13th – Have 50% of voters disown

secession• In 1866- they get control of

Congress; try to impeach Johnson• First Reconstruction Act- 1867

– Guarantee AA right to vote– Open elections for all to pick

delegates to state constitutional conventions

– New state constitutions, ratify 13,14,15th

• By 1870- all Southern states back in Union

• Fed troops kept in South to keep peace

Freedman’s Bureau• The Bureau

supervised all of the relief programs for the “freed” men.

• They issued rations, clothing, and medicine.

40 Acres and a Mule• Freedmen families

followed Sherman on his march to sea

• In Savannah he announced his plan for those families

• Abandoned Confederate plantations on coastal islands would be divided up

• Every freedman family would get 40 acres and a mule

• Would have helped 18,000 families

• Johnson stopped it from happening

Efforts to Educate Freedmen• Free schools established all over the South

(3,000 schools)• Newspapers started• Colleges and Universities – HBCU’s (over 100 recognized schools created for

the black community)

Morehouse College

• Founded in 1867• In Atlanta, Georgia• Founded by a former slave and two

ministers• Originally offered Ministry and

Education

Impeachment of Andrew Johnson• He violated the “Bogus” Tenure of Office Act. • He fired Stanton who was the Sec. of War without

permission from the Senate.• Only kept office by one vote • Radical Republican attempt to take over

Reconstruction

Resistance to Reconstruction• Many in the South did not want Reconstruction

to succeed• They did not want to guarantee rights to African

Americans• They eventually won…– Violence– Refusal to follow directives– Harsh laws restricting freedmen’s rights

Black Codes• Laws that Southerners

placed on Freedmen• Southerners did not want

freedmen to participate in politics.

• Rights granted- marry, own property, use courts

• Rights denied- testify against whites, serve on juries or militias, vote, sue, speak out about rights/problems

Most recognized this as essentially a re-introduction of slavery.

Ku Klux Klan• Originally founded in Tennessee in 1866• Started as a Confederate War veterans club• Especially violent towards• People trying to vote• Northern whites who came South to help• Southern whites who tried to help with Reconstruction• Educated black people who tried to get involved in

community affairs or speak out about problems• Difficult to stop- no weapons, courts run by KKK sympathizers• Federal troops sent to break it up• By 1872 the KKK was starting to lessen (wanted federal troops

gone)

The end of Reconstruction…Presidential Election of 1876

Democrats- Tilden Republicans- HayesHayes won popular vote but lost electoral voteHe is declared winner, Southerners in Congress threatenHayes makes….

Compromise of 1877- if Southerners will support him as President, he will remove troops from the South… They do… he does… AND NOW….. 1. Reconstruction ends

2. There is no federal presence in the South to protect freedmen

3. Things get really bad.