janbuddveepaya part 2

wm Wmka fï fy<ìu

nqÿka Wmka ckanqoaùmhs'^fojk fldgi&

ójkm,dfka isß Oïud,xldr ysñ

^il,úO ysñlï l;=jrhd i;=h'&

uqøKh

wdßh uqøK Ys,amsfhda

398$1" lvqfj, mdr" ud,fí

ISBN 978-955-51707-1-0

m%:u uqøKh

fojk uqøKh

( 2010 Tlaf;dan¾ 02

( 2011 wfm%a,a 25

1'

2'

3'

4'

5'

6'

7'

8'

9'

10'

11'

fy<ìu§ ,shQ ;s%msglh yd md,s NdIdj

wgqjd" àld" ámamks yd iïu;

wkqrdOmqr rdcOdksh wdrïNùug fmr

fy<ìfï mej;s › úN+;sh

nqoaO jkaokdj yd nqÿ ms<su jkaokdj

fy<ìu uq,au hq.fha mej;s nqoaO jkaokd l%u

wguia:dk ixl,amh

isß iïnqÿ" isß i;a O¾uh yd isß,la forK

pl%j¾;s rdc ixl,amh yd ilaú;s rc mrmqr

uydjxYh - ;s%msglh yd nqoaO NdIs;h

foaj fy<h yd foaj ixl,am

ks.ukh yd iudma;sh

mgqk

7

19

22

32

36

48

73

77

84

94

99

óg udi 16lg muK fmr ,shd t<solajk ,o —wm Wmka fï fy,ìu nqÿka Wmka ckanqoaùmhhs˜ hk fmdf;ys fojk fldgi fufia m%ldYhg m;a lrkakg ;SrKh lf<ñ'

fï fy,ìfïu Wmka" fï fy,ìfïu Ôj;ajk ñksiqka yeáhg fï fmdf;ys i|yka jk mru i;Hhka wm ljqre ljqre;a fyd|ska lshjd úuid n,d wjfndaO lr.kakg W;aidy oeÍh hq;=uh' we;a; l:dlsÍfï yd ,shd f,aLk.; lr ;eîfï whs;sh iEu ñksfil=gu WreujQ udkisl ksoyils'

fï fmdf;ys ,shd t,s olajk fndfyduhla foa lshjd oek.;a miqj Tn fuf;la oek isá" W.;a iïu;fhka ms<s.;a" u;hkag jvd fjkia O¾u w¾:hla fuysoS Tng oek.kakg ,efnkq we;' —iïu;hka ;=,skau mrud¾: O¾uh oelSu˜ nqoaO O¾uhhs' fmd;m;ska lshjd ldf.kaj;a wid oek.;a foa iïu;hkah' tAjd wkqudkfhka wid oek bf.k.;a foaj,ah' Tn oek bf.k .;a iïu;hka úksúo n,d tA wkqidrfhka mru i;Hhu oel .;hq;=h' mru i;Hh oel.ekSu ;u ;ukau lr.;hq;= fohls' Tn fjkqfjka ;j;a flfkl=g mru i;Hh oel.; fkdyelsh' fuf;la l,la fmd; m; lshjd fyda úYaj úoHd, j,ska fyda Tn ,enQ oekqï iïNdrh wkqudk {dKfhka ,nd.;a oekqulau muKla nj Tngu jegfykafka m%;sfõo {dKfhka mru i;Hh oelSfukau muKs'

kS;s mkjd" wkmk;a mkjd wgqjd" àld ámamks ,shd mru i;Hh hgm;a lr oeóug yels jkafka flá l<lg muKs' kshu ksjeros wjia:djg msxmsrE foú ñksiqkag i;Hh wjfndaO lr.kakg myiq jkq msKsi mru i;Hhka fufia fy,s oelaùu fï fmd;a ,shd m,lsÍfuys tlu wruqKhs'

f.!;u nqoaO idikh ;=,oSu ksjka wjfndaO lr.kakg ;rï msxmsrE jdikdjka; msßila fï nqoaO N+ñfhys - ckanqoaùmfhys fï

yeÈkaùu

jkúg Wm; ,nd isà' fï ish¨ lreKq ldrKd fy,s fmfy,s lsÍï lrkafka tjka whf.a ksjka ud¾.h újD; lroSfï mrud¾:fhkau" ksiairK wOHdifhkau ñi fjk;a fm!oa.,sl jQ n,dfmdfrd;a;=jla fuys ke;s njo ish,af,dau f;areï .ks;ajd'

mD;.ack f,dalhdg" momru mqoa.,hskag hï ;rulska fyda wd¾h ud¾.h ms<sn|j;a hï oekqula ,nd.kakg;a" wdYap¾hhka yd w;aN=; foaj ixl,am j,ska bj;a ù ñksidf.a ukfia Yla;sh f;areï .kakg;a fuys i|yka fndfyda lreKq Wmldrfjkq we;ehs uu is;ñ' Tn;a tjeks mskajf;l= kï" W;=ï nqoaO O¾u ud¾.h wkq.ukh lrkafkl= kï" fï mru i;Hhka Tn i|yd u nj is;kak' —ksjka wjfndaO lr.kakg Wmldr jk mru mú;% isß ioaO¾uh˜ kñka fmd;a 26lau ,shd m,lsÍfuka miqj —nqÿka Wmka foaYh yd nqoaO Yla;sh ms<sn|j;a fï i;Hh lreKq fy,slrkafka uyd mßksíndk iq;%fha i|yka jk wjYH;djla W!k mQrKh lr.ekSug Wmldrjk mßoafoks' fï hq. fufyjr ud úiska fufia bgq fkdlf,a kï iïud osÜÀh yd mrf;daf>daIl m%;Hh wo ,nd.kakg foõ ñksiqkag ,eî we;s W;=ï wjia:djo u.yeÍ hkakg bv ;snqks' fï wkqj fuh O¾u kshduhgu wkq.;j isoaO lrK mru i;Hhka fy,s oelaùula muKs' Oïudkq Oïu m%;smodfjys fhfok msxj;=kag ksjka u. u;=lr .ekSug ms<sfj;ska fm<.eiSu i|ydu fuys i|yka lreKq Wmldr fõjd æ


2010 Tlaf;dan¾ 02mru ksíndk O¾udh;kh ydNdjkd uOHia:dkhjg/l"mdÿlal'

1' fy<ìu§ ,shq ;s%msglh yd md,s NdIdj

úch kue;s ixl,ams; bkaÈhdkq rcq tod fy<ìug mh

;nkakg fmr fï fy<ìfï úiq foaj f.da;s%l ckhdo" hlaI

fy<fha úiQ hlaI f.da;s%l ckhdo" kd. fy<fha úiQ kd.

f.da;%sl ckhdo" l=ïNdKav fy<fha úiQ l=ïNdKav f.da;%sl

ckhdo" idufhka yd iudodkfhka fï rfÜu jdih l<

ck;djh' fï kï i|yka l< ish¨u f.da;%j,g wh;a

ukqiaihska lsisfjl=;au woaN+;" wdYap¾h" wukqiaifhda kï

fkdfj;a' jeoaofodao fkdfj;a' úfYaIfhkau foaj fy<fha tod

Ôj;a jQ ck;dj úoHd Ydia;% oekqfukao" Ys,am l%u oekqfukao"

oek W.;alfuka o" jdß l¾udka;h ms<sn|j Wiia oekqfukao

hq;=j lghq;= l< ñksiaiqu jQy' miq lf,l ckanqoaùmfha§

nqoaO;ajhg m;a jQ isoaOd¾: f.!;u fndai;a l=udrhd;a Wm;

,enqfha uyd uhdfoaúh l=iska fuu foaj fy<fhau m%dfoaYsh rc

flfkl= f,iska tod m%isoaêhg m;aj isá iqoafOdaok rc;=udg

odjh' fy<ìu foaj fy<fha lsUq,aj;amqrh kñka tod m%isoaOj

;snq" wo ÈUq,d., kñka m%isoaOj we;s uyje,s .Õska ol=fKa

msysgd ;snq k.rhl YdlH jxYsl rc mrmqr tod rclï lrk

,§'

ta jdf.au wo i;rjrï foúhka f,iska y÷kajd fokq

,nk wfma ckhd wo;a je÷ï ms÷ï lrkq ,nk" p;a;dfrda

uydrdcdjreka f,iska ;s%msgl idys;Hfha;a" wdgdkdgd iQ;%fha;a

i|yka jk" fjiuq‚" úrev" úrEmlaL" o;rdYaG hk kï we;s

uyrcjreka tod rclï lf<ao fï fy<ìfïu hlaI fy<fha yd

kd. fy<fhah'

wm Wmka fï fy<ìu nqÿka Wmka ckanqoaùmhhs - fojk fldgi

- 07 -

ta jdf.au ;s%msgl fmd;am;a j, yd uydjxYfha;a"

§mjxYfha;a kï i|yka jk fldfid,a uyd rc;=ud" ìïìidr

uy rc;=ud wcdi;a; uy rc;=ud" iqoafOdaok" wñf;daok"

fodaf;daok uy rcjreka" iqm%nqoaO rc;=ud" uydfiak rc;=ud"

wNh rdc l=udrhd" wd,jl" fyauj;" id;d.sß" iuka wd§

rcjrekao" pqf,daor" ufydaor" uqp,skao" u‚wlaÅ; hk kd.

f.da;%sl rcjreka fukau iqo;a; isgq;=ud" úYdld" kkaod ud;d

Ñ;a; .ym;s wd§ ;s%msglfha kï i|yka ish¨u rc isgq jrekao

tod fï fy<ìfïu Wm; ,nd" fï fy<ìfïu Ôj;a ù" fuys §u

ñh mrf,dj .sh wfma u ó uq;a;kah' wfmau w;S; {d;s

j¾.hdh'

fï yeu flfkl=f.au kï .ï i|yka jkafka;a ta kï .ï

,sheù we;af;a;a w;S; fy,ìfï§u ,shq ft;sydisl ;%smsgl .%ka:

j, yd §mjxYh" uydjxYh jeks fy<Èfõ§u ,shq b;sydi jxY

l:d fmd;aj,uh' tod f.!;u nqÿmshdKka jykafia Ôjudkju

jev isá iufha b;du;au ÈhqKq k.r yd .ï jYfhka i|yka

jk rc.y kqjr" ieje;a kqjr" fldiUE kqjr" lsUq,aj;a mqrh"

úYd,d uy kqjr" nrKeia kqjr wd§ ish¨ kï .ï i|yka

jkafkao ;s%msgl idys;Hfhau muKlauh' ta ,xldfõ§u ,shQ

;s%msgl fmd;aj,uh'

;s%msglh f,iska f,aLk .; l< ish¨u .%ka:hka

uq,ajrgu ,shd f,aLk .; lr we;af;a fï fy<ìfïu —w¨f,k˜

kï ia:dkhl§h' ;s%msgl .%ka: j, fyda §m jxYfha fyda

uydjxYfha fyda i|yka jk mqoa.,hskaf.a" rcqkaf.a"

isgqjrekaf.a fyda k.rhkaf.a fyda .ïj, fyda kï .ï

bkaÈhdfõ§ - uyd Ndr;fha§ - ,shq lsisu iuld,Skj fyda

wdikak ld,Skj fyda ,shq .%ka:hl fmd;l m;l ,shú,a,l fyda

i|yka fkdjkakd fiau fjk;a lsisu wdldrhlska fyda wikakg

- 08 -


fyda oel .kakg fyda ,efnkafka o ke;' tjka m%isoaO mqoa.,hska

ta rfÜ tjlg jdih lf<a kï msg rgl fmd;aj, tajd

,shefjkakg fmr tA bka§h fmd;a m;a j, tajd ,shd igyka lr

;nkakg yelshdj ;sì‚' nqoaO ld,fha yd Bg iuld,Skj

bkaÈhdfõ§ ,shq fndfyda mqrdK .%ka:" fõo .%ka: yd rdudhkh

wd§ fjk;a fmd;a m;a wo mjd bkaÈhdfõ§ olakg we;'

bkaÈhdfõ§ ,shq fï lsisu fmd;l m;l ,sheú,a,l ;s%msglfha

i|yka jk fï lsisu kula" .ula k.rhla i|yka ù ke;'

oekg jir 2000 lg;a jvd w;S;fha§ ,shd ;enq ;s%msglfha

i|yka jk ish¨u ia:dk yd k.r kdu" mqoa., kdu wdÈfha

f;dr;=re fï fy<ìu yd iïnkaO jQ mqoa.,hskaf.a kï .ïh"

f;dr;=reh' ;s%msglfha i|yka jk fï f;dr;=re f,aLk.; lr

,shd ;nkakg fmr fïjd wfmau isxy, NslaIqka jykafia,d úiska

j¾I ydr ishhlg;a jvd §¾> ld,hla ;siafia láka lg jk

fmd;a lrf.k" mrïmrdfjka mrïmrdjg /lf.k"

mj;ajdf.k wd foaj,ah' f;dr;=reh' O¾uhh'

f.!;u nqÿmshdKka jykafia W;=ï nqoaO O¾uh foaYkd

lf,a bkaÈhdfõ§ hehs hful= m%ldY lrkafka kï tod

bkaÈhdfõ Ôj;a jQ NslaIqka jykafia,d msßila .ek fyda fïjd

jk fmd;a lrf.k" lgmdvï lrf.k mrïmrdfjka

mrïmrdjg" /lf.k wd msßila .ek fyda i|yka úh hq;=h'

kuq;a bkaÈhdfõ tjeks b;sydihla mej;s nj fyda lsisu

flfkl= fyda lsisu NslaIqjla fyda fujka O¾uhla .ek fyda oek

isánjla ms<sn|j tjlg widj;a fkd;sì‚' úfYaIfhkau

i|yka l<hq;= ldrKh jkafka" wfYdal rdc hq.hg fmr

Ndr;fha ldfõß kÈfhka tyd W;=f¾" tkï" W;=re bkaÈhdfõ

úiQ lsisu fn!oaO NslaIqjla .ek fyda u`.M, ,enQ flfkla .ek

fyda lsis ;ekl i|yka fkdùuh' wfYdal rc;=udg;a m<uq

- 09 -


jrgu fn!oaO NslaIqjlf.a o¾Ykh oel.kakg ,enqfKa ld,sx.

hqoaOfhka miqj ldfõß kÈfhka ol=Kq bkaÈh m%foaYfha§h'

fy<ìfï§ oyï bf.kf.k u`.M, ,enQ fn!oaO NslaIqka

jykafia,d wfYdal hq.h jk úg ̂ ldfõß kosfhka fumsg& ol=Kq

bkaÈhdfõ kï úiqy'

f,dõ;=rd nqoaO;ajhg m;a jQ ishü nqÿjrhska

jykafia,d Wm; ,enQ" nqoaO;ajhg m;a jq" fï fy<ìfï i;Hhu

jQ b;sydi l:dj mD;.ack b;sydi{fhl=g" úoHd{fhl=g"

mqrdúoHd{fhl=g fyda fjk;a mD:.ack meúoafol=g fyda"

Tyqf.a W.;alu wkqj" oekqu wkqj" wjfndaOh wkqj

wkqudkfhka j;a is;d .; fkdyels ;rï .dïNSrh' úYsIagh'

f,dj my< jQ ishü nqÿjrhska jykafia,d;a wry;=ka

jykafia,d;a mfia nqÿjrhska jykafia,d;a muKla fkdj ishü

pl%j¾;S rcjrekao Wm; ,nkafka;a" Ôj;a jkafka;a

f,dalfhkau W;=ï rg jQ fï fy, osjhsfka oSuh' fï fy<ìfï

w;S; b;sydifhka wo jk úg j;auka f,dalhd fidhd oekf.k"

wid oekf.k we;af;a b;du;au iq¿ fldgila mu‚' f,dalhdg

;ju;a fidhd oek .kakg fkdyels jQ" ld,fha je,s;,dfjka

hgm;a jQ" fï fy<ìfï › úN+;sh jpkfhka lshd" fmd;l m;l

,shd ksu l< fkdyels ;rï úYañ; tlls' oSmxlr nqoaO ld,h

f;lau w;S;hg osjhkakls'

—;s%msgl fmd;aj,˜ ,sheù we;af;a fï fy<ìfïu tla;rd

w;S; hq.hl kshu ksjerÈ b;sydihhs' wog;a wfmau hehs lshd

fmkajd Èh yels fyd|u ksjerÈu f,aLk .; ,sÅ; ft;sydisl

idlaIs igyka jkafka ;s%msgl fmd;a fmf<ysh' jir 2000 lg;a

jvd mer‚ w;S; hq.hl§ fï rfÜ§u mqiafld< fmd;aj, ,shd

;snq iQ;% O¾u oyy;a oyilg;a jeä m%udKhl=;a" cd;l l:d

mkaish mkylskq;a lshd mdk ishü f;dr;=re ishhg ishhlau

- 10 -


fï fy<Èjg iïnkaO jQ wfmau b;sydihg iïnkaO jQ" wod< jQ"

,sÅ; idlaIs nj fuys§ iy;sl lr fmkajd § m%ldY lr isáñ'

fï tlo fmd;la fyda f,aLkhla fyda bkaÈhdfõ§ fyda Ndr;

foaYfha§ fyda ,shq tajd fkdfõ' fï wkqj fï ;rï jeo.;a f,iska"

i;H jYfhkau iy;sl lr fmkajd Èh yels" b;sydihla f,dj

fjk;a lsisu lsis rglg Wreu ù ke;' wfmau uq;=ka ñ;a;ka

W.;=ka" u`. M, ,dNSka O¾uOrhska tod fufia ,shd ;enq wfmau

fï b;sydih msgrglg mdjd §" fjk;a rgl b;sydihla f,iska

ir,ju neyer lrkakg fyda hgm;a lr oukakg fyda lsisu

idOdrK fya;=jla bÈßm;a lrkakg fyda lsisÿ c.f;l=g

fkdyelsh'

fï wdldrfhka kej; u;=lr fmkajd fokq ,nk" m%ldY

lr iy;sl lrkq ,nk" i;Hhka ms<sn|j hï lsis wdldrhl

fyda iel ixldjla Tng;a we;akï fuys ud wid igyka lr

;nk m%Yak lsysmhlgo Tnu l,amkd lr úu¾Ykd;aulj yd

uOHia:j ms<s;=re fidhd oek imhdf.k fï m%ldYkfha we;a;

ke;a; fyd|ska fidhd n,k f,iska ldre‚lj uu Tng

wdrdOkd lr isáñ' Tn fy<fhl= f,iska is;kakg mqreÿ jkak'

wfmau b;sydih hgm;a lr oukakg ;rï wOu fkdjkak' oSk

fkdjkak'

¸' f.!;u nqÿmshdKka jykafia úiska ud.ë niska foaYkd

lrk ,o nqoaO O¾uh ;s%msgl fmd;a f,iska yd cd;l

l:d f,iska jir 2100 lg fmr hq.hloS f,aLk .; lr

,shd ;nk ,oafoa l=uk rgl§o@ - fï fy,ìfïoS h'

¸¸' fï ;s%msgl O¾uh yd cd;l fmd;a jir 2100lg muK

fmr ,shd ;nkakg Ndú;d lrk ,o fy< wlaIr ̂ wl=re&

tod fudk rfÜ Ndú;d jQ wl=reo@ - fy,ìu tod Ndú;d

l< merKs fy, wl=reh'

- 11 -


¸¸¸' ud.ë niska foaYkd lrk ,o nqoaO O¾uh fma<s f,iska -

fm< oyu f,iska - fm< .iajd lg mdvï lrf.k

mrïmrdfjka mrïmrdjg jir 450la muK os.= ld,hla

;siafia mj;ajdf.k wdfõ l=uk rgl NslaIq mrmqrlao@

fy,ìu úiQ fy, NslaLq mrmqr úisks'

¸¹' fy<ìfï msysá w¨f,fka§ ls%'mQ' 76 jk j¾Ifha§ fï

nqoaO NdIs;h ,shd ;eîug iyNd.sjQ NslaIqka jykafia,d

meñ‚fha fldys isgo@ tu O¾u ix.dhkdj meje;aùug

iyNd.S jQ ish¨u NslaIqka jykafia,d fy<osj úúO

m%foaYj,ska jevu l< nj Tn okakjdo@

¹' ksjka olskakg Wmldr jk W;=ï nqoaO O¾uh yd

weoys,a,la f,iska wo woyk nqoaOd.u hk foflka

l=uk fldgig ;s%msglfha ,shd igyka lr we;s foa wh;a

jkafkao@ ;%smsgl .%ka:j, i|yka jkafka máÉp

iuqmamdo O¾uh ñi weoys,s .ek fkdfõ'

¹¸' tod f.!;u nqÿka Wmka ckanqoaùmfha ,laI ixLHd;

wry;=ka jykafia,d tys úydr wdrduj, jev isá nj

;s%msglfhau i|ykaj we;' bkaÈhdfõ ldfõß kÈfhka

W;=f¾ msysá lsishïu m%foaYhl lsisu wry;=ka jykafia

flfkl=ka Ôj;aj isá njla fyda ta .ek i|ykla fyda

fudkhïu b;sydi fmd;l fyda ,shú,a,l fyda igykaj

ke;af;a wehs@ tjka u.M, ,dNSka tys fkdjq fyhsks'

f.!;u nqÿmshdKka jykafia tod Y=oaO ud.ë niska

f,dalhdg foaYkd lrk ,o W;=ï nqoaO O¾uh fma<s jYfhka

fm< .iajd lg mdvï lrf.k" jkfmd;a lrf.k" .=re YsIHh

mrïmrdfjka mrïmrdjg jir ydrish úismyla muK ls%'mQ 543

isg ls%'mQ 76 olajdu láka lg mj;ajd f.k tk ,oafoa wfmau

fy<ìu úfYaIfhkau foaj fy<fha jdih l< NslaIqka - 12 -


jykafia,d úiskauh' tod w¨f,fkaoS meje;a jQ O¾u

ix.dhkdjg jevujd jod< NslaIqka jykafia,d tod tys

meñ‚fha reyqfKa ;siaiuydrduh" is;=,amõj" ynqre.,"

nqÿ.," l=iskdrd kqjr" l=äïì.," rc.," §>jdmsh fukau

reyqfka inr.uq m<df;a yd kef`.kysr m<df;a wdr[a[

fiakdik j,skah' oUq,af,a tfâr.," msÿrx.," rx.sß., yd

;j;a lsysm ia:dkhlskao meñ‚hy' bkaÈhdfõ isg fyda

Ndr;fha isg fyda meñ‚ lsisu flfkl= fuhg iyNd.S jQ njla

uyd jxYfha fyda §mjxYfha fyda lsisu fmd;l m;l fyda

i|ykaj ke;' Bg fya;=j bkaÈhdfõ isá lsisu flfkl=g fï

nqoaO O¾uh" nqoaO NdIs; ;s%msglh .ek lsishïu wjfndaOhla

fyda oekqula fkdjq ksihs' ñys÷ l=udrhdo tod bkaÈhdfõ isg

foaj fy<fha rc.y kqjrg ^wïmdrg& meñK rc.y kqjr

msysá fn!oaO úoHdh;kfha§ isxy, NdIdj" ud.ë NdIdj yd

nqoaO O¾uho bf.k f.k uyK ù u`.M, ,nd.;a nj;a b;du

msßisÿju fuys§ fmkajd Èh hq;=h'

nqÿ mshdKka jykafia foaj fy<fha§ fukau" hlaI

fy<fha hï hï ;ekaj,§;a" kd. fy<fha hï hï ;eka j,§;a

jir y;<sia myla mqrdu foaYkd lr jod< W;=ï nqoaO O¾uh"

fma<s jYfhka fm< .iajd ilia lr f.k ix.dhkd lrñka"

lgjyrg mqreÿ lrf.k láka lg /l f.k mj;ajdf.k wd

isß;la wfma fï fy<ìfï tod mgkau mej;sKs'

wïmdf¾ rc., kñka wo kï lr we;s fft;sydisl

ia:dkh tod u.O rfÜ rc.ykqjr kï úh' u.O rfÜ ud.ë

NdIdj fukau mer‚ fy< NdIdjo tod Ndú;d l< nj;a fmfka'

tod úYaj úoHd,j, úoHdia:dk j, Ys,am Ydia;% yeoEÍfï§

W.;=ka tod Y=oaO ud.ë NdIdj Ndú;d l< w;r idudkH fmdÿ

uyckhdf.a jHjydr NdIdj jqfha fy< nihs' wo;a fy< nig

- 13 -


b;du;au ióm NdIdj jkafkao ud.ë NdIdjhs' ta hq.h jk úg

bkaÈhdfõ Ndú;d jQ NdIdjka ish,a,gu mdol jQfha;a uQ, NdIdj

jQfha;a ixialD; NdIdjhs' tod ol=Kq bkaÈhdfõ Ndú;d jq oñ<

ni mjd fï ixialD; NdIdjkag jvd fjkia uq,dY%hlska mej;

wd NdIdjls'

f.!;u nqÿmshdKka jykafiaf.a mßks¾jdKfhka miqj;a

wfma fy<ìu" úfYaIfhkau foaj fy<fha Ôj;a jQ" O¾uOr W.;a

úh;a NslaIq mrmqr ksy~ju ;u mKfuka wdrlaId lrf.k"

jkfmd;a lrf.k lgmdvï lrf.k mrïmrd .;j

mj;ajdf.k wd fï W;=ï ;s%msgl nqoaO O¾uhg tod rdcH

wkq.%yhla mjd ,eî ;snqfKao ke;'

ls%'mQ¾j 76 jk j¾Ifha§ foajfy<hg wh;a w¨f,k kï

ia:dkhl§ ;s%msgl O¾uh f,aLk .; l<;a Bg j,.ïnd rcq

uq,a ù ls%hd l< njlao fmfkkakg ke;' W;=ï nqoaO NdIs;h

/lf.k wd fy<Èj NslaIq mrmqf¾u uq,sl;ajfhka fuu

;s%msglh f,aLk .; lsÍuo isÿ úh' ta w;S; hq.fha" tkï

wfYdal rdcH hq.hg;a jir 280 lg ;rï fmr hq.fha§

bkaÈhdfõ fï W;=ï nqoaO O¾uh m%p,s;j mej;sfha kï tod

bka§h ck;dj ;=< fï W;=ï O¾u ixl,amkd ;rfhau uq,anei

.kakg bv ;sì‚' tod bkaÈh ck;dj ;=< fõo wd.ï ixl,am"

ffck wd.ï ixl,am" Ysj wd§ foaj wd.ï ixl,amhka .ek ñi

fï W;=ï nqoaO O¾uh .ek lsisu oekqula fyda wjfndaOhla fyda

;snq njla fmfkkago ke;'

wfYdal wêrdcHhdf.a rcH ld,h ;=<§ Tyq W;aidy

.;af;a nqoaO O¾ufha foaYkd lrk ,o hï hï hym;a j;a

ms<sfj;a" tl;= lrf.k tod bkaÈhdfõ weoyq ysxÿ" Ysj" fõo yd

ffck wd§ wd.ï ixl,am j,g mxpiS, m%;smodjo we;=¿

lrf.k ldg;a idufhka yd iduodkfhka Ôj;a jkakg

- 14 -


.e,fmk wdldrfha hym;a iudchla ks¾udKh lrkakg

Wmldr jk úêfha wd.ula bkaÈhdfõ ks¾udKh lr.kakgh'

O¾u rdcHhla ks¾udKh lrkakgh' bkaÈhdfõ nqoaOd.u ìys

jQfha ta wdldrfhkah' nqoaO O¾uh yd wd.u hkq folls'

nqoaO O¾uh hkq weoeys,a,la fkdfõ' foaYmd,kh yd

iuÕ ieifokaklao fkdfõ' wd¾h ;=iaksïN+; Ndjh nqoaO

O¾ufha uq,slu ,laIKhhs' ta ksidu wr[a[ .; ù"

relauq,aj,g ù" iq[a[d.dr .; ù jk.; ù Oïudkq Oïu

m%;smodfjys kshe¿Kq flf<ia ;jk flf<ia ojkakgu W;aidy

ork nqoaO Y%djlhska msßila u`.skau nqoaO O¾uh wdrlaId fjhs'

O¾uh /flhs'

wfYdal rdcH md,k ld,fha§ fukau Bg miqj wd hq.

j,§ o bkaÈhdfõ n,j;a wêrdcHhka jQ .=ma; wêrdcH

hq.fha;a" l=Idka wêrdcH hq.fha§;a" bkaÈhdfõ nqoaOd.u n,j;a

fiau m%p,s; úh' kuq;a nqoaO O¾uh kï" ksjka olskakg Wmldr

jk whqßka kï m%p,s; jQ njla olskakg ke;' bkaÈhdfõ .=ma;

md,k hq.h jk úg;a ,xldfõ fy<ìfï rc.," wïmdf¾"

is;=,amõfõ" §>jdmsfha yd ud,s.dú, fukau inr.uq m<df;a

r;akmqr yd lE.,a, jeks m%foaY j,o W;=ï ks¾u, nqoaO O¾uh

Ndú;fha mej;=Kq nj;a fmkajd Èh hq;=h' ta nqoaO O¾uh tod

Ndú;fha mej;=Kq njg fyd|u idOlh lE.,a, m%foaYfhka

ìys jQ u,shfoaj uy wry;=ka jykafia ms<sn| l:d mqj;hs'

md,s NdIdj yd md,s hk jpkh .eko fuys hula ,shd

;eìh hq;=h' tod fy<§mfha§ isxy, wl=frka ,shd ;enq f.!;u

nqÿmshdKka yd nqoaO Y%djlhska jykafia,d úiska ud.ê niska

foaYkd l< nqoaO O¾uh lgmdvfuka mdvï lrf.k láka lg

mj;ajdf.k tafï myiqj yd wjYH;djh i|yd O¾uh fm<

- 15 -


.iajd" fma<s f,iska ilia lr .kakd ,§' fufia fm< .iajd ;snq

ksid;a" fma<s jYfhka ilid lgmdvï lr.kakg yels jQ ksid;a

fï ud.ë niska foaYkd lrk ,o nqoaO NdIs;h miqj fm<" fm<

oyu hk kï j,skao m%isoaO úh' fm< oyug;a mdol jqfha w;S;

isxy, jHdlrK yd NdId Í;Skauh' ta wm wo Ndú;d lrk

kùlrKh l< fy< NdId Í;s fkdj ñys÷ ysñhka jev isá

hq.hg;a fmr hq.fha§ fï fy<Èj Ndú;d jQ merKs fy< nfiys

jHdlrK yd kS;s Í;Sh' miq lf,l fï ud.ë NdIdju md,s

NdIdj f,iska wkqrdOmqr hq.fha§" wkqrdOmqrfha§;a"

fmd<dkakre hq.fha§;a" úúO wdldrfhka fmd;a m;a j,o

,shkakg;a NdIdjla f,iska Wmfhda.S lr .kakg;a mqreÿ jQ nj

fmfka' ;s%msglh f,aLk .; lrkakg fmr hq.fha§ md,s kñka

NdIdjla f,dalfha fkdùh' Bg miqj wd hq.fha§ nqoaO O¾uhg

wod< lreKq fukau fy<Èj b;sydihg wod< hï hï

ft;sydisl ldrKdo ,shqfõ md,s ̂ ud.ë& kue;s NdIdfjks' fuu

md,s kï NdIdj ,sùu wdrïN jqfha ,xldfõ§h' ÈhqKq jqfha;a ,sms

f,aLk ,shqfõ;a ,xldfõ§h' miq ld,hl§ tkï ;=kajk yd

wgjk ishjia w;r ld,hl§ bkaÈhdfõ W.;a;= o fy<Èj

rc.ykqjrg ̂ wo wïmdf¾ rc.,g& meñK md,s ni yodrd fy<

ni yodrd nqoaO O¾uhg wod< fndfyda foa bf.k .;ay' miq

ld,hl§ fï fm< oyug wod< fndfyda foa ixialD; wd§ bkaÈh

NdId j,go mßj¾;kh lrkakgo mgka.;ay'

fï wkqj 5 jk ishji muK jk úg bkaÈhdfõ wcka;d"

fj,af,dard" k.¾cqkfldxv" u:qrd" .kaOdr wd§ m%foaY j,;a

md,s NdId W.;a;= ìys ù isáhy' úYaj úoHd, j, yd úoHdh;k

j,;a fn!oaOd.u b.ekajqfha md,s NdIdfjkauh' yshqx idka"

mdyshka jeks Ök ixpdrlhska bkaÈhdjg yd ,xldjg tk

wjêfha;a md,s W.;=ka ,xldfõ fukau bkaÈhdfõo isá nj

- 16 -


Tjqkao i|yka lrkafka fï wkqjh' fï wkqj md,s NdIdj hkq

ljodj;a" ñksiqkaf.a fmdÿ jHjydrhg m;a jQ jHjydr NdIdjla

fkdj" ,xldfõ§ nqoaO O¾uh ,shkakg Ndú;d l< ks¾udKh

lr.;a NdIdjls' tys moje,a ud.ë moje,ah' ,xldfõ§ ,shq

md,s jpk isxy, wl=frka ,shQ w;r ta ta rgj,§ md,s jpk

,shqfõ ta ta rfÜ wËr j,sks' miq l,l§ bx.s%is wlaIr j,skao"

md,s NdIdju ,shk ,§' fï yeu ;ekl§u ,shd we;af;a tod

fy<ìfï§ wdrïN l< ud.ë jpk ,sùuh' ud.ë mo je,ah'

Y=oaO ud.ë NdIdj hkq ish¨u NdIdjkag fmdÿ" uq,a jQ

NdIdjhs' fy< ni ilia jqfhao uq,a Y=oaO ud.ë NdIdfjkauh'

ish¨u nqÿjrhska jykafia,d úiska W;=ï nqoaO O¾uh foaYkd

lrkq ,nkafkao Y=oaO ud.ë NdIdfjkauh' thg fya;=j ud.ë

NdIdj úmßkduhg m;ajk úldYkhg m;ajk ld,fhka

ld,hg w¾:h O¾uh fjkia jk jHjydßl NdIdjla fkdjk

ksihs' tod Ndú;d l< ud.ë jpk" moje,a wog;a tfiau

j,x.=j mj;S' jHjydßl NdId ish,a,u ld,hdf.a wjEfuka

jHjydrfhkau úldYkh ù úmßkduhg m;a ù fjkia fjhs' wm

okakd uE; hq.fhau ls%'j¾I 1900 -1950 jeks hq.fha§ Ndú;d l<

isxy, NdIdj wo rfÜ Ndú;fha ke;' wo th úúO wdldrfha

fjkia ùï j,g Ndckh ù we;' kuq;a ud.ë NdIdj tfia fjkia

fkdjk NdIdjls' tod f.!;u nqÿmshdKka jykafia foaYkd lf<a

Bg jir 7000 lg fmr ldYHm nqÿ mshdKka jykafia foaYkd

l< ud.ë moje,a j,skauh' wo wms lshjkafkao ta w;S; ud.ë

moje,auh' tajd Ndú;fhka fjkia fkdfõ' wksla w;g Y=oaO

ud.ë moje,a j,g" nqoaO NdIs;fha foaYkd lr jod< Y=oaO

moje,a j,g w¾: O¾u ksrela;s yd máNdk hk isjqms<sisôhd

ú.%yhka bÈßm;a l< yelsh' Y=oaO ud.ë moje,a j,g ñi

fjk;a lsisu jHjydr NdIdjl jpk j,g fujeks w¾:

- 17 -


kdkd;ajhla O¾u kdkd;ajhla ksrela;s kdk;ajhla fyda

máixNsod kdk;ajh bÈßm;a lrñka w¾:h O¾uh ú.%y l<

fkdyelsh' ta ksid Y=oaO ud.ë NdIdj wksla ish¨u NdIdj,g

jvd fjkia wdldrfha W;=ï NdIdjls'

ud.ë mo j,ska ish¨ nqÿjrhska jykafia,d foaYkd lr

jodrKq ,nk nqoaO O¾uh ksjka olskakg Wmldr jk

wdldrfhka f;areï .kakg kï tys wvx.= w¾:hka" O¾uhka"

ksrela;Ska yd máixNsod kdkd;ajho f;areï .;hq;=h' momru

f,iskau ud.ë moje,a j,g w¾: olajkakg mgka.;a miqj wo

ksjka olskakg Wmldr jk f,daflda;a;r O¾uh bka ú.%y

jkafkao ke;' miq.sh jir oyilg;a jeä ld,hla ;=<u fï

ud.ë moje,a md,s NdIdj f,iska momru w¾:fhka momru

f,iskau Ndú;d úh' ksjka olskakg Wmldr jk f,iska ud.ë

moj,g w¾: O¾u ksrela;s máixNsod oekqula u;= lr .kakgo

wfmdfydi;a úh' ksjka olskakg Wmldr jkafka w¾:" O¾u"

ksrela;s" máixNsod ú.%yhla iys; jQ ud.ë moje,a f;areï

.ekSuuh' ud.ë NdIdj hkq wreu mqÿu w¾:" O¾u" ksrela;s yd

máixNsod ú.%yhla ,nd fok mrud¾: O¾u m%ldYk udOHhla

nj f;areï .; yelafla O¾udjfndaOh ,nd .;a u`.M, ,nd.;a

flfkl=guh' mD;.ack mqoa.,fhl=g fï O¾u w¾:hka f;areï

.; fkdyelsh'

- 18 -


2' wgqjd" àld" ámamks yd iïu;

tod f.!;u nqÿmshdKka jykafia úiska ud.ë moje,a

j,ska foaYkd lrk ,o .ïNSr nqoaO O¾uh ta hq.fha Ôj;a jQ wiq

uy Y%djlhska jykafia,d w;ßka lsysm kula úiska fy< w¾:

l:d f,iska fy< nia jyßka w¾: O¾u ú.%y lr f,aLk .;

lrk ,os' fufia nqoaO NdIs;h w¾: l:d hk kñka ^wgqjd&

isxy, ck;djg f;areï .kakg yels jk mßÈ ,shd ;nkakg

mgka .;af;a f.!;u nqÿka Ôjudkj jev isá ta w;S;

hq.fha§uh' tod ,shQ uq,au fy< wÜG l:djka f,iskau Ndú;fha

mej;s" rc., § ,shQ nqÿ le,s wgqjdj" fy< wÜG l:d" uyd wÜG

l:d" wÜG l:d" l=rekaÈ wÜG l:d hkqfjkao kï lr wgqjd

rdYshlau tod Ndú;fha mej;s nj wfma w;S; fy< fmd;aj,

i|yka ù we;' fï wÜG l:d ,shk ,oafoa w.ijQ ießhq;a

wry;=ka jykafia" uyd lÉpdhk wry;=ka jykafia" uyd

fldgÀ; wry;=ka jykafia wd§ tod nqoaO ld,hg iuld,Skju

fï fy<ìfï rc.ykqjr ^wïmdf¾ rc.,& jevisá uyd m%d{

nqoaO Y%djlhska jykafia,d úiskah' fuu fy< wgqjd j, ksjka

olskakg Wmldr jk kshu ksjerÈ nqoaO O¾uh fy< niska

ú.%ylr isxy, ñksiqkag ksjka wjfndaO lr.kakg Wmldr jk

wdldrhgu ir, f,iska o iïmQ¾Kjo ,shd ;sìKs'

nqoaO mßks¾jdKfhka miqjo reyqfKa fukau kef`.kysr

rc., yd È>jdmsfha;a" ieje;akqjr fÊ;jkdrdufha;a ,shd

;ekam;a lr ;snq fuu isxy, w¾: l:d fmd;a" ÿgq .euqKq rdcH"

hq.fha§ wkqrdOmqr uyd úydrh lrd f.kjq;a tys ;ekam;a lr

;snq njo uydjxYfha i|ykah' ñys÷ ysñhka wïmdf¾ rc.,

^rc.ykqjr& isg wkqrdOmqrhg nqoaOd.u f.k wd uq,au .ukg

- 19 -


miqj wkqrdOmqrhg fojk .ufka§ rc.,§ ,shd ;snq

isxy, w¾: l:djla ^wgqjd& jk nqÿ le,s wgqjdjo ñys÷

ysñhkau wkqrdOmqrhg f.kd nj;a uydjxYfha i|yka lr

we;' reyqfKa" kefÕkysr yd rfÜ fjk;a m<d;a j, fn!oaO

uOHia:dk j, mqia;ld, j, ,shd ;ekam;a lr ;snq fy< wgqjd

yd fjk;a jákd fy< fmd;a m;a úYd, m%udKhla fufia jßka

jr wkqrdOmqrhg f.kú;a wkqrdOmqr uyd úydrfha ;ekam;a

lr ;sì‚' nq'j¾I 984 ,xldjg meñ‚ nqoaOf>daI ysñhka md,s

NdIdjg mßj¾;kh lf<a o fufia wkqrdOmqr uydúydrfha

;ekam;a lr ;snq fy< niska ,shd ;snq wgqjd fmd;a j,ska iuyr

fldgils'

fuu md,s mßj¾;kfha§ isÿ jqfha uq,skau wd¾hhka

jykafia,d úiska ,shQ isxy, w¾: l:dj, .eí ù ;snq ks¾u,

W;=ï nqoaO O¾uh f,!lsl foaj wd.ï ixl,am j,g yerùuhs'

mD:.ack f,dalhdg .e,fmk fia ilia lr ,sùuhs' fï wkqj

fuf;la isxy, W.;a whg isxy,fhka ú.%y lr ;snq isxy,

ñksiqkag f;areï .; yelsj ;snQ" fy< w¾: l:d foaj wd.ï

ixl,am iu.ska iïñY%Kh lr úfYaIfhkau tjlg bkaÈhdfõ

m%p,s;j ;snq m;xc,S foaj wd.ï ixl,am j,g .e,fmk whqßka

ilid md,s NdIfjka ,shd ;eîuhs' úY=oaê ud¾.h we;=¿ fmd;a

17 lau ,shd ;enq nqoaOf>daI ysñhka wjidkfha§ wkqrmqr uyd

úydr mqia;ld,fha ;ekam;a lr ;snq we;=ka y;a fofkl=f.a nrg

iudk jQ isxy, fmd;a m;a ish,a,u .sksn;a lrk wdldrhg

Wml%u fhdod lghq;= ilia lr ráka msg ù .sh njo

b;sydifhau i|ykaj we;'

kuq;a nqoaOf>daI ysñhka úiska mßj¾;kh lr ,shq

úY=oaê ud¾.h we;=¿ w¾: l:d fmd;a wNh.sßfha wdrlaId

iys;j /lS mej;sKs' uyd úydrfha mqia;ld,fha .nvd lr ;snq

meñ‚

- 20 -


fy< wgqjd fmd;am;a ish,a, úkdY ù .sh miq" uyd úydrho

ìug iu;,d lr W÷ jmqrkakg;a ls%hd l< miqj" nqoaOd.u

f,iska fï ,laÈj ;=, b;sß jqfha nqÿ f.dia ysñhka úiska ,shq md,s

wgqjd fmd;a mu‚' bka miqj wkqrmqr hq.fha;a fmdf<dkakre

hq.fha;a úúO wgqjd ,shq" yd tajdgu àld ,shq ámamKs ,shq"

iïu; ,shq md,s yd isxy, w¾: l:dlrejka yeu flfkl=u

jdf.a Ndú;d lf<a" .=refldg .;af;a" nqoaOf>daI ysñhka úiska

f,!lsl w¾: fhdod jerÈ f,iska mßj¾;kh lr ,shd bÈßm;a

lrk ,o md,s úY=oaê ud¾.h we;=¿ fmd;a m;a ñi kshu ksjerÈ

nqoaO O¾uh kï fkdfõ' fï wkqj fmdf<dkakre hq.h jk úg

iïmQ¾Kfhkau msßisÿ nqoaO O¾uh fjkia ù ksjka oelSu hkq

me;Sulg muKlau iSud ù bkaÈhdfõ tod mej;s wd.ï

ixl,amhka fy<Èj mqrdu;a ;Èkau me;sÍ hkakg úh' ksjka

olskakg Wmldr jQ W;=ï nqoaO O¾uh iyuq,skau wd.ï ixl,am

j,ska hgm;a ù wNdjhgu .sfhah' nqoaOd.u kñka woykakg

hula muKla b;sß úh' fï wkqj bka§h wd.ï ixl,am j, yd

foaj wd.ï j, weoyq weoys,s mqo mQcd" .dhkd" Ydka;s l¾u"

wdYs¾jdo mQcd wdÈ úúO foa fmdÿ ,dxlsl uyckhd w;f¾o

m%p,s; jkakg mgka .;af;a uyd úydrfha .nvd lr ;snq fy<

fmd;a m;a .sksn;a lr úkdY lsÍu;a iu.uh' wNh.sß úydrfha

jdih l< uydhdkslfhda ;r.h ch .;ay' uyd úydßlfhda

iyuq,skau úkdY ù .shy' ksjka olsk msßisÿ nqoaO O¾uh;a fy<

niska ir< f,iska ,shd ;snq fy< wgqjd;a úkdY ù f.dia foaj

wd.ï ixl,am j,g nr wdñi mQcd iys; jQ nqoaOd.ula muKla

fy<ìu ,xld jdiSkago" b;sß úh' Wreu úh' ksjka olsk

msßisÿ W;=ï nqoaO O¾uh wkq.ukh lrk msßi jk.; úh' foaj

wd.ñl ixl,am weoyQ wNh.sßhg iïnkaO uydhdksl msßi

rcud,s.d jgd frdla úh' rc iem isgq iem j,g;a jvd iem

- 21 -


myiq lï ,enQ Ôú;hla .; lrk NslaIqka msßila tod wkqrmqr

rdcOdksfha§ ,xldfõo ìys úh' fmdf<dkakre hq.h jk úg fï

;;a;ajh ;j ;j;a oreKq ;;ajhg m;a úh' nqoaOd.u

iyuq,skau f,!lsl foaj wd.ï ixl,am j,g hg ù W;=ï nqoaO

O¾uh l%udkql+,j wNdjhgu .sh nj;a b;du meyeÈ,sh'

mqcdj,sh" lõis¿ñK" nq;airK jeks fn!oaO idys;Hh fmd;a

m;a ,shejQfKao fï hq.fhah' tjeks fmd;a m;a fn!oaO idys;H

b;sydifha kï iaj¾Kuh hq.fha§ ,shq fmd;am;ah' fn!oaO

idys;Hh" fn!oaO ixialD;sh fn!oaO ld,dYs,am wdÈh fï

hq.fha§ b;du;au ÈhqKq ;;a;ajhg m;aúh' fuys ksh; m%;sM,h

jqfha wd.ï ixl,am j,g uq,a;ek § ksjka oelSu hkak

m%d¾:kdjla muKla njg m;aúuhs' W;=ï nqoaO O¾uh hgm;aù

weoys,s mqomQcd j,g uq,a ;ek§uhs' bkamiqj wd hq.hkays ;j

;j;a ;;a;ajh msßyS uykqjr hq.fha§ nqoaO O¾uh

iïmq¾Kfhkau ke;sù wNdjhgu .sh njo fmkajd Èh hq;=h'

3' wkqrmqr rdcOdksh wdrïN ùug fmr

fy<ìfï mej;s › úN+;sh

wkqrdOmqr rdcOdks hq.fha úúO wjia:dj,§;a" Bg fmr

m%d.a úch hq.fha§ foaj fy<fha mej;s b;du ÈhqKq rdcHh

hq.hka j,§;a" reyqfKa iy kef.kysr m%foaYj, mej;s ÈhqKq

rdcOdks j,§;a" fy< niska yd ud.ë niska ,shd tf;la

/lf.k ;snq fndfyda jákd fmd;a m;a yd ,sms f,aLk fï rfÜ

w;S;fha úiQ W.;=ka yd úh;=ka w;f¾ mßYS,kh úh' tjeks

fmd;a m;a tod fy<Èj fmd;a.=,a j,o .nvd lr ;sìKs' fï

fmd;a m;a ish,a,u jdf.a rgg t,a,jQ úúO foaYmd,ksl yd - 22 -


ixialD;sl wdl%uK j,§ lsysm wjia:djl§u .sksn;a lr

úkdYlr oeuQ njo wfma b;sydihu fmkajd fohs'

uq,au iqr - wiqr hqoaOfha§;a" rdu rdjK hqoaOfha§;a"

úchf.a wdl%uK j,§;a" fujeks úYd, úkdYhka isÿ úh' ud>

yd mKavj fid,S wdl%uK j,§;a bka miqj ol=Kq bkaÈhdfjka

t,a, jQ úúO wdl%uK j,§;a wfma rfÜ ,shd m< lrk ,o jákd

fmd;a m;a úkdY ù .sfhah' uydhdksl ySkhdksl u;fNao ksid;a

jákd fmd;a m;a fndfyduhla úkdY úh'

,xldmqrhg - wkqrdOmqrhg - tod fy<Èj w. k.rh

f.k hkakg fmr fuu fy<ìfï b;du;au ÈhqKq k.r yd .ï

msysgd ;snqfKa kef`.kysr fjr< ;Srfha" reyqfKa iy rg ueo

m%foaY j,h' rc.y kqjr w.kqjr fldg.;a u.O rdcHho ̂ wo

wïmdf¾ rc.,& úYd,d uykqjr w.kqjr fldg.;a ,sÉpú

rdcHho ̂ wo hd, wNh N+ñhg hg jQ m%foaYh& lE.,a," r;akmqr

fukau uykqjr m%foaYhka wh;a jQ rdjKd rc mrmqrg wh;a

rdcOdksho" liS rg jrkdiS kqjr msysá rdcOdksho ^wo

jõkshdj uq,;sjq m%foaYh& ieje;a kqjr w. k.rh fldg.;a

fldai, rdcOdksho ^wo ßá., m%foaYh& tod fy<Èj n,j;au

rdcHhka úh' lsUq,aj;a kqjr w. k.rh fldg.;a YdlH

rdcOdksh msysáfhao wo uyje,s .Õg ol=fKa msysá ÈUq,d.,

m%foaYfhah' fujka jQ ÈhqKq b;sydihla iyuq,skau jeiS hgm;a

jkakg fya;= N+; jQ uQ,sl lreKqo wm fidhd ne,sh hq;=h'

,xld b;sydih hehs wo wm iïu;fhka bf.k .kakd"

ms<s.;a b;sydih f,iska fmd;aj, ,shd ;enQ" wm okakd jQ ,xld

b;sydih ks¾udKh lr" wmg Wreu lr ,shd fok ,oafoa bx.s%is

iqÿ md,l uy;ajreka úiskah' bkaÈhdfõ fukau ,xldfõo tod

md,kh Ndrj isá iuyr iqÿ isú,a ks<OdÍ uy;ajre ,xld

- 23 -


b;sydih ,sùfï ld¾hfhyso fhÿKdy' lE.,af,a iyldr

Èidm;s OQrh oerE fcda¾Ê g¾k¾ iy fÊñia ms%kaiia" iafg%daka.a"

Íia fvúia" fukau úfYaIfhkau fldâßx.agka yd tÉ'iS'mS' fn,a

jeks iqÿ isú,a ks<OdÍ uy;ajre Tjqkag f;areï .kakg yels jQ

mßÈ" fmd;m;ska lshjd Tjqka ,enQ w,am oekqu wkqj ,xld

b;sydihla ,shd wgjd" wuqKd ks¾udKh lr wmg ndr ÿkay'

miqj meñ‚ isxy, W.;=kao uydpd¾hjrekao ngysr u;hkagu

.re l< ksid bx.s%iSka úiska ks¾udKh lr ÿka b;sydih foi

úu¾Ykd;aulj ne¨fõ ke;' hful= tfia ueÈy;aj

úu¾Ykd;aulj n,d hï m¾fhaIKd;aul iajdëk u;hla

bÈßm;a lf<a kï" tjka u;j,g úreoaO ùug kï Tjqka j.n,d

.;ay' iqÿ uy;ajreka fmkajd ÿka u;h /l .ekSu;a Bg úreoaO

u; j,g" úreoaO ùu;a wfma b;sydi{hskaf.a yd mqrd

úoHd{hskaf.a rdcldßh úh' wog;a th tfiau isÿfjhs'

—úch rcqg fmr;a fï fy<ìfï b;du;au ÈhqKq rdc

iuhka mej;sfhah˜ hkak fï W.;=kag ms<s.kakg fkdj

is;d.kakg j;a neß ;rï wNjH u;hka fia neyer lsÍu Tjqka

mqreoaola fldg .;a nj kï b;du meyeÈ,sh' wßfika wyqnqÿ

uy;d" iQßh .=Kfialr uy;d fukau uydpd¾h mrKú;dk

uy;do ;j;a fndfyda who jßka jr fujeks úu¾Ykd;aul u;

m< l<;a wfmau W.;a;= tajdg úreoaOj rdcH n,h yd wd.fï

n,ho fhdodf.k ta ueoy;a u; hgm;a lr oukakg ;rï

ieyeis jQy' i;Hh fidhkakg kï lsisfjl=j;au wjxlu

W;aidyhla kï .;af;au ke;' ta iudc iïu; n,fõ. j,g"

,dN m%fhdack j,g hg;a ùu ksidh' i;Hh t<solajkakg

hful= W;aidy ork yeu wjia:djlu tjeks kj u; orkakkaj

ks¾oh f,iska úfõpkh lr i;Hh hgm;a lrkakg kï fndfyda

wh bÈßm;a jQy' wo;a rfÜ tjeks wh kï nyq,h'

- 24 -


ksjerÈ f,iu Èk jljdkq bÈßm;a lrkakg neß jqK;a"

wkqrmqr rdcOdksfha uq,au hq.fha§" ÿgq.euqKq uy rc;=udf.a

rcH ld,hg miqj —uydjxYh˜ kï fy< niska ,shQ wfmau fy<

b;sydi fmd;la isxy, .;a l;=jrfhl= úiska fy< niska ,shd

m< lrkq ,en ;snqKs' fuh b;sydi f;dr;=re o wvx.= m%Yia;s

rpkdjls' tod rclï l< isxy, rcjrekaf.a ls%hdldrlï yd

yelshdjka m%Yia;s f,iska j¾Kkd lsÍu fï fy< uyd jxYfhka

tod isÿ ù ;sfí' kuq;a fuh miq lf,l jákd b;sydi fmd;la

njgo m;aúh'

fï fy< niska ,shq uydjxYh ,sùfuka jir 300 lg

muK miqj ld,hl§ wo wmg uydjxYh kñka lshjkakg we;s

md,s niska ,shq —md,s uydjxYh˜ ,shd t<s oelaùh' uq,ska fy<

niska ,shd ;snq uydjxYh wdY%fhkau md,s niska ,shq fmd;la jk

fï md,s uydjxYh rpkd l< uydkdu ysñhkaf.a fm!oa.,sl

u;hkao md,s uyjxYhg we;=<;a lr we;' uydkdu ysñhkaf.a

is;a.;a rcjreka ms<sn|j §¾> f,iska j¾Kkd lr we;s w;r

iuyr rcjreka ms<sn|j .d:d lsysmhlska hdka;ug muKla

i|yka lr we;'

§m jxYh kñkao fy< b;sydi fmd;la md,s niskau ,shd

;snqKq w;r wog;a wmg fï §mjxYho ^md,s& mßYS,kh

lrkakg;a b;sß ù we;' fï §m jxYho ,shd we;af;a uq,au

isxy, ^fy<& uydjxYh ,shqjdg miq hq.fha§h' kuq;a md,s

uydjxYh ,shkakg kï fmr hq.hl§h' §m jxYh ,shQ

l;=jrhdo uq,au isxy, ^fy<& uydjxYh lshjd tys woyia o

,nd f.k md,s §m jxYh ,shd we;s njo fmfka'

wkqrdOmqr hq.hg miqj fmdf<dkakre hq.fha w. Nd.fha

fyda Bg;a miq ld,hl§ fyda ,shejqKq Od;= jxYh" :qm jxYh yd

- 25 -


fndaê jxYh hehs ;j;a jxY l:d ;=klao wo wmg lshjd .kakg

b;sß ù we;' kuq;a fï fmd;a ,sheù we;af;a oUfo‚ hq.fha§ nj

fndfyda wh úYajdi lr;s' isxy, uydjxYh ,shQ wd§ hq.fhau

,shQ ;j;a fy< jxY l:djla ms<sn|j f;dr;=re wid oek

.kakg we;;a wo fï jeo.;a b;sydi fmd; wia:dk .; ù we;'

—W;a;r jxYh˜ kue;s fï b;sydi fmd; u.ska wkqrdOmqr

b;sydih;a Bg fmr hq.kays mej;s fy< rdcOdkS .ek;a hï hï

f;dr;=re i|yka lr ;sîu ksid fï b;sydi fmd; ys;du;du

wia:dk" .; lf<ao" úkdY lr oeuqfõo" hkak wmg ;ju;a

ys;d.; fkdyelsh' W;a;r jxYfha ,shd oelajqfha nqoaO O¾ufha

b;sydihhs' úfYaIfhkau fuys w;S; fn!oaO b;sydih ,shd ;enq

ksid th —W;a;r jxYh˜ hk kñkau yeÈka úh' W;a;r jxYh

kue;s fy< fn!oaO b;sydih ,shd ;enQ fuu fmd; uykqjr

hq.h olajdu Ndú;fha mej;s njg idOl rdcdj,sh kï fmd;la

,shQ l;=jrhdo tys i|yka lrhs' rdcdj,sh ,shqfõ uykqjr

hq.fha§h' iqÿ uy;=ka ,shq b;sydihg jvd fjkia f;dr;=re

i|yka jQ ksid fï —W;a;r jxYh˜ kue;s fmd; ys;d u;du

wia:dk .; lrkakg we; hk u;hla o wo mj;S'

flfia fj;;a wo wmg lshjkakg we;s wfma w;S; fy<

b;sydih wiïmQ¾K jQ;a" me,eia;r oud wuqKd f.k ks¾udKh

lr.;a;d jq;a fy< b;sydi l:djls' úfYaIfhkau ÿgq.euqKq

uyd rc;=udg fmr ,xld b;sydih fï whqßka lD;s%uj

ks¾udKh lr.;a wkqudk f;dr;=re j,ska .yK ù we;' wfma

w;S; fy< b;sydifha mej;s iaj¾Kuh hq.hka ld,fha

je,s;,dfjka jeiS hgm;a ù f.dia ;snqK;a tajdfha kgUqka fï

fy<ìu ;=< § wog;a wmg fidhd.kakg b;sßj we;s ksid

fy<ìu b;sydih iyuq,skau jid oud ksy~ úh fkdyels h'

- 26 -


wo fï fmd; ,shd m<lrkakg udi 15lg fmr tkï

2009 fmdfidka udifha§ ud úiskau ,shd t<s oela jQ fuys

m<uqjeks fmdf;a ^—wm Wmka fï fy<ìu nqÿka Wmka

ckanqoaùmhhs˜& fmkajd ÿka mru i;Hhka iy;sl lr

fmkajkakg Wmldr jQ fidhd.ekSï rdYshla miq.sh udi 15l iq¿

ld,h ;=<§ fï fy<ìfïu úúO m%foaY j,ska úúO mqoa.,hska

úiska u;=lr fidhd t<s olajd fmkajd fok ,§'

fufia fidhd u;=lr.;a kgUqka yeu tllskau jdf.a

iy;sl lrkafka" fmkajd fokafka" nqÿka nqoaO;ajhg m;a jQ tod

mej;s fy<ìu ms<sn|j i;Hh f;dr;=reh' miq.sh udi 15l

muK iq¿ ld,hla ;=<§ muKla wfmau m¾fhaIlhska úiska

mqrdúoHd{hska úiska fyda fjk;a mqoa.,hska úiska wyïfnka fyda

fidhd u;=lr m%isoaO lrk ,o ft;sydisl f;dr;=re m%udKh

w;súYd,h' fufia fidhd .;a ish¨u foaj,a úch rdc iuhg;a

fmr" tkï wkqrdOmqr rdcOdksh mgka .kakg;a fmr w;S; rdcH

hq.hkag wh;a ùu fuys§ úfYaIfhka i,ld ne,sh hq;= lreKls'

fï ish¨u mqrdúoHd f;dr;=re f.!;u nqÿmshdKka Wmka"

nqoaO;ajhg m;a jQ nqoaO hq.hg wh;a tajd fyda Bg fmr hq.hkag

wh;a tajdh' fï ish,a,u O¾u;djfhkau ksis l,g u;= ù

fy<ìfï b;sydih ms<sn|j i;Hh fy<s lrkakg Wmldrl jk

mßÈ u;= jQ njo fmkajd Èh hq;=h' fï ish,a, u;= jqfha

ckanqoaùmfhkauh'

1' 2009 fkdjeïn¾ udifha§ muK ,xldfõu

mqrdúoHd{hska msßila úiska wkqrdOmqr k.rhg

wdikakfha§ lrk ,o lekSï j,ska u;=lr.kakd ,o

mer‚ úYd, k.rhl kgUqka ( fuys§ u;= lr.;a mqrd

jia;= ls%'mQ 600 muK ld,hg wh;a nj" tkï nqÿka Wmka

- 27 -


hq.hg wh;a nj iy;sl lr we;' f.!;u nqÿ mshdKka

jykafia ls%'mQ' 589 § muK nqoaO;ajhg m;a ù m<uq O¾u

foaYkdj mj;ajk ,oafoa fï kgUqka fidhd.;a mer‚

k.rhg ;rula wdikakfha msysá bism;kdrdufha§h'

wo ueojÉÑh wi, msysá biskaneiai., rc uyd úydr

N+ñh tod bism;kdrduh úh' fufia fidhd.;a kgUqka

yd f;dr;=re foajdkïmsh;siai rcqf.a md,k hq.hg;a

fmr" úch rcq ,xldjg meñfKkakg;a fmr hq.hl

mej;s ÈhqKq k.rhlg wh;a jk kgUqkah' ,xldmqrh

kñka tod m%p,s; jQ wkqrdOmqr k.rh foajdkïmsh;siai

rc úiska f.dvkeÕ= nj uydjxYfha i|yka fj;;a fï

me/‚ k.rhka .ek uydjxYfha i|yka fkdjkafka

wehs@ uydjxYh ,shk hq.h jk úg fï k.r j,g isÿ

jqfha l=ulao@

2' uq,;sjq yd jõkshdj Èia;s%lal j,g wh;a uy>K

jkdka;r m%foaY j,ska › ,xld hqo yuqodj úiska uE;l§

fidhd.;a w;s mer‚ mQcd N+ñ .Kkdjlu kgUqka tod

mer‚ liSrgg wh;a m%foaY j,ska yuq jq w;r tajd nqoaO

ld,hg wh;a fn!oaO isoaOia:dk njo oekg y÷kdf.k

we;' fïjd úch rcq ,xldjg meñfKkakg;a fmr

hq.hlg wh;a tajd ksid fy<ìu ms<sn|j b;sydih

w¨;ska h<s ,shkakgu u;= jQ idOlhkah'

3' weô,smsáh wdikakfha —rxpduvu˜ kï ia:dkfhka

uE;l§ yuq jQ w;smer‚ mqrdjia;= yd úYd, mer‚

k.rhl kgUqka( fuys§ yuq jQ mqrdjia;= wkqrdOmqr

rdcOdkshg jvd jir oyila ;rï mer‚ nj oeka y÷kd

f.k we;' fï wkqj wkqrmqr rdcOdksh mgka .kakg;a

fmr reyqfKa yd ol=fKa oshqKq k.r yd .ï mej;s njg

- 28 -


fuho fyd|u idlaIshls' f.!;u nqÿmshdKka tod ls%'mQ'

543 § msßksjka md jodf<a fï rxpuvu m%foaYhg ;rula

lsÜgqfjka msysgd we;s nqÿ., l=iskdrdfõ§h'

4' fiareú, yd fidaudj;S mqoìï iïnkaO lrñka w¨;ska

mdrla lmkakg .sh › ,xld hqoaO yuqodjg 2009 w.

Nd.fha§ yuq jQ nqÿ isßm;=,a yd fjk;a mqrd jia;= ( fï

m%foaYh tod YdlH rdcjxYh úiska md,kh lrk ,o

lsUq,aj;a mqr rdcOdkshg wh;a ìï m%foaYhkah' fï nqÿ

isßm;=,a yd fjk;a kIagdjfYaI mer‚ YdlH rdc

hq.hg wh;a tajdh'

5' jdlfrhs yd fjre.,a w;r kef`.kysr m%foaYfhka 2010

cqks udifhaoS muK yuq jQ wlalrhl muK úYd,

rcud,s.djl kgUqka ( wo bÉÑ,kam;a;=j kñkao tod

fldÜáhdrï kqjr kñkao m%isoaO jQ fï m%foaYh w;S;fha

wñf;daok rcq úiska md,kh lrk ,o YdlH jxYsl

rdcOdkshls' fuys§ yuq ù we;s ud,s.dj tod wñf;daok

rcqf.a ud,s.dj úh yelsh' wñf;daok rcq iqoafOdaok

rcqf.a fidfydhqfrls' fï m%foaY j, tod foaj fy<hg

wh;a ÈhqKq rdcOdks mej;s njg fyd|u idlaIs fuhska

u;= fjhs' fldÜáhdru hkq fldaáhla wdrdu ;snq

m%foaYhhs' nqÿmshdKka f.a Wmka .u jQ lms,jia;= mqrhg

tod wh;a jQ fldÜáhdrï kqjr ta ld,fha fn!oaO wdrdu

fldaáhla muK ;snq njg fuho idlaIshls' fldaáh hk

ud.ë mofha f;areu fl<jrla ke;s hk w¾:hhs'

6' 2010 cQ,s udifha oskl mqrdúoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska

mqj;am;a idlÉPdjla mj;ajd fy<ìu msysá úYd,;u

mqrdúoHd kgnqka iys; ìu ms<sn|j lrk ,o ú.%yhla (

- 29 -


wlalr 1600 lg;a jeä N+ñ m%foaYhla mqrd úisÍ me;sr

mj;sk fï kgnqka tod f.!;u nqÿ mshdKka úiska ;u

uq,a ld,fha jevjdih lrk ,o rc.y kqjr kgnqkah'

wo fï ia:dkh —rc.,˜ kñka ye|skajqj;a tod th

rc.y kqjr kñka ;%smsglfha yd uydjxYfhao i|yka

lrk ,o merKs fn!oaO k.rhhs' f.!;u nqÿmshdkkag

ìïìidr rc;=ud úiska w;meka j;afldg mqcd lrk ,o

fõ¨jkdrduh;a tA wdY%s; fn!oaO kgnqka iys; ia:dk

28l=;a rc.,ska oeka u;=ù we;' oekg mqrdúoHd

fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska fuys wlalr oyhl muK iq¿

m%foaYhl lekSï lr fidhd.;a mqrdjia;= m%udKh .ek

i,ld n,k úg wlalr 1600 la jeks úYd, m%foaYhl

fudk ;rï ;ju;a fidhd fkd.;a mqrdjia;= weoaoehs

;ju ldgj;au is;d.; fkdyelsh'

7' rc.y kqjrg - rc.,g - ol=fKka msysá —kE,a,˜

^wïmdr& mqrd úoHd kgnqka ( fuho rc.y kqjr mqcd

N+ñfhau fldgila nj fmkajd osh hq;=h' wo nqoaOx.,

mqrdjia;= we;af;ao —kE,a,˜ hk ia:dkhgu iómfhah'

b;d wE; w;S; hq.hloS kE,a, hk ia:dkhg —oS>jdmsh˜

hk ku jHjydr lrk ,o nj;a th uq,au oS>jdmsh nj;a

iuyrekaf.a u;hhs' uq¿ os.du`vq,a, m%foaYhu tod nqÿka

jevisá hq.fha b;du oshqKq ;;ajhl mej;=Kq u.O

rdcOdkshhs' u.O rdcOdkshg wh;a fn!oaO mqrdjia;=

wïmdr m%foaYfhka oeka oeka úYd, jYfhkau u;=fjñka

mj;S'

u.O rfÜ rc.y kqjr hkq nqoaO;ajhg m;a jQ f.!;u

nqÿmshdKka jykafia uq,a jir 25 la muKu ld,hla

jdih l< tod f,dal fn!oaO uOHia:dkhhs' nqÿmshdKka

- 30 -


Ôj;a jQ iufha;a" wkqrdOmqrfha rdcOdkshla mej;s

iufha;a jir 800 la muKu oS¾> ld,hla mqrdjgu;a

fn!oaO f,dalhdf.a uq,au fn!oaO úoHd ia:dkh jqfha fï

rc., fõ¿jkdrduhhs' tod f,dalhd nqoaO O¾uh

bf.k .;af;a rc.y kqjr kïjQ fï ia:dkfhaoSh'

8' f.!;u nqÿka msßksjka md jod, nqÿ., l=iskdrd kqjr

wdikakfha fldia,kao yd y,aÿïuq,a, l÷ nEjqï mduq,

2010 wf.daia;=fõoS yuq jQ bmerKs fidfydka fld;a

iuQyh yd tA wdY%s; kgnqka ( fïjdo u,a,j rfÜ

rcorejkag wh;a fidfydka fld;a fyda tA wdY%s; foaj,a

nj fmkajd osh yelsh'

tod foaj fy<h kñka m%isoaO jQ nqÿka Wmka §mh

ckanqoaùmh ;=<ska oeka oeka fï wdldrfhka u;=jk mqrdúoHd

kgnqka ms<sn|j wfma úoaj;=ka óg jvd ie,ls,af,ka lghq;= lr

fïjd ms<sn|j ksjerosj yd uOHia: u; bosßm;a lrkafka kï

jvd;a hym;ah' bx.%siSka úiska wmg Wreu lr ÿka jeros b;sydi

ks.uk j,ska neyer ù ksoyfia is;kakg;a oeka ld,h meñK

we;'

1970 - 2006 olajd ld,h ;=< úúO ngysr rgj, úúO

mqrd úoHd .fõIlhska úiska" m¾fhaIlhska úiska" ,xldfõoS yd

f,dalfha fjk;a merKs fft;sydisl f;dr;=re we;s rgj,oS;a

lrk ,o úúO m¾fhaIK j,ska fidhd.;a f;dr;=re ms<sn|jo

wm úuis,su;a úh hq;=h' fï fy<ìu yd iïnkaO jQ wm uú;hg

m;a lrjk fndfyda i;H f;dr;=re fuu wefußlka yd c¾uka

m¾fhaIlhska úiska fidhd u;=lr .kq ,enQjo Tjqka tAjd

m%isoaêhg m;a lf<a ke;' kuq;a fï m¾fhaIlhska úiskau fï

- 31 -


iïnkaO jQ hï hï f;dr;=re úúO wjia:dj,oS fy<sorõ l<

wjia:djkao we;' fufia fidhd.;a fndfyda f;dr;=re wkqrdO

mqr hq.hg fmr fy<ìfï w;S; rdcH hq.hlg wh;aùu tfia;a

ke;skï w;S; fy<ìug ^l%s'mQ' 600-3000& ld,hg iïnkaO

ùuo wm úiska i,ld ne,sh hq;= lreKls' wfma w;S; fy<ìu

ms<sn|j fndfyda jeo.;a f;dr;=re wmg jvd Tjqka okakd nj

kï i;Hhls'

4' nqoaO jkaokdj yd nqÿ ms<su jkaokdj'

l%s' mq' 589 oS f.!;u nqÿmshdKka f,dalhdg nqoaO O¾uh

foaYkd lrkakg wdrïN l< oskfha mgka bxoshdfõ rclï l<

lKsIal rcqf.a rdc hq.h olajdu jQ jir 650 la muKu ;rï

os.= ld,hla we;=<; fn!oaO f,dalhd w;f¾ nqÿ ms<su jkaokd

lsÍfï isß;la fyda pdß;%hla fyda mej;=fKau ke;' msßisÿ nqoaO

O¾uhg wkqj —rEmh˜ osrd hk" wksÉp jQ fohla ksid rEmh

jkaokd udk lrkakg ;rï jákd fyda iqÿiq fyda fohla f,iska

nqoaO O¾ufha fmkakd ÿkafka ke;' fï wkqj uq,au nqÿ iuh ;=<

f.!;u nqÿmshdkkaf.a fyda fjk;a lsisu nqoaO Ydjlfhl=f.a

fyda ms<suhlg je÷ï msÿï l< njla kï fmfkkakgo ke;'

bxoshdfõoS tod wfYdal uyrc úiska lD;s%uj ks¾udkh lr.;a

wdlD;s nqoaO rdcHfhaj;a tA hq.hg wh;a jk lsisu nqÿ ms<suhla

fyda nqoaO Y%djlfhl=f.a ms<suhla fyda jkaokd udk i|yd tod

fhdod.;a njla fmfkkakg ke;'

f,dalfha m<uq jrg nqoaO rEmhla Ndú;d l< nj

olskakg we;af;a bkaoshdfõ rclï l< —lksIal˜ rcqf.a rdc

iufhaoSh' tho rfÜ fj<odu i|yd Ndú;d l< rka ldishl tl

- 32 -


me;a;l nqÿrejla igyka lr Ndú;d lr ;sîuhs' fï wkqj wmg

yuq ù we;s uq,au nqoaO rEmho Nla;sfhka fyda f.!rjfhka

jkaokd udk lsÍu i|yd Ndú;d lrk ,oaola fkdj f,!lsl

jdksc lghq;a;la i|yd Ndú;d l< tlla njo f;areï .;

hq;=h'

lksIal rdc hq.hg miqj ls' j' 3 jk ishjfiaos muK

bkaoshdfõ l=Idka rc mrmqr mej;s hq.fha bkaÈhdkq uydhdk

nqoaOd.fï fn!oaOhska úiska m<uq jrg nqÿ ms<suj,g jkaokd

udk lrkakg mgka.;a nj meyeos,sh' miqj u:qrd" .dkaOdr"

wurdj;s" kd.¾cqkfldxv jeks ia:dk j,;a Bg miqj 5 jeks

ishji muK jk úg kd,kaod" fj,af,dard jeks ia:dk j,;a fï

iu.u ,xldfõ yd f,dalfha fndfyda fmros. rgj,;a nqÿ ms<su

fk,d nqÿms<su j,g jeÿï msÿï lrkakg;a mgka .;a nj fmfka'

fuu nqÿ ms<su jkaokdj meyeÈ,sju foaj wd.ï ixl,am

j, wdNdIfhka nqoaOd.ug we;=¿ lr.;a wd.ï ixl,amhls'

.%Slhska bkaÈhdj md,kh l< iufha fndfyduhlau ngysr foaj

wd.ï ixl,amhka bkaÈhdj ;=<o m%p,s; úh' .S%lhska wemf,da

foúhdf.a ms<suhla ;kd Bg jkaokd udk mj;ajk isß;la tod

Ndú;fha mej;sKs' fï wkqj bkaÈhdfõ§ .S%lfhda foaj ms<su

jkaokdj mgka.;ay' fï wdNdIfhka ls%'j' 2 jk 3 jk ishji

muK jk úg bkaÈhdfõ uydhdk fn!oaOfhda nqÿ ms<su

jkaokdjla wdrïN l<y' bkaÈhdfõ ;ekq uq,au nqoaO m%;sud j,

wemf,da foúhdf.a ms<su j,g iudk ,laIK m%;srEmKh jk

njo fndfyda wh fmkajd § we;' ud, me<÷ nqÿ ms<su" /,s iys;

isks÷ we÷ï wekao jQ nqÿ ms<su" ysi ieriq nqÿ ms<su wdÈh foaj

wd.ï ixl,am j,ska ,;a wdNdIhhs'

- 33 -


bkaÈhdfõ isg ,xldjg nqoaOd.u f.kjdh lshk u;h

;yjqre lrkakg n,j;a fiau mdol lr.;af;ao fujka fn!oaO

ixialD;sldx.hs' nqoaOd.u hehs Nla;sfhka weoyq wd.ula tod

wkqrdOmqr hq.h f;lau fï fy<ìfï fkdùh' msßisÿ nqoaO

O¾uh ms<sfj;ska fm<.eiSula ñi je÷ï msÿï me;=ï heÿï

iys; jQ weoys,a,la fyda wd.ula fyda fkdfõ' fï ish¨ wdldrfha

wd.ñl ixl,amhka ,xldjg f.k wdfõ kï bkaÈhdfjkah' fï

wkqj kï tod nqoaOd.u bkaÈhdfõ isg ,xldjg f.kdfõh hk

u;hg wmsÿ tlÕ fjuq' kuq;a ksjka wjfndaO lr.kakg Wmldr

jk W;=ï nqoaO O¾uh kï fï fy< ìfï§u f.!;u nqÿ mshdKka

úiskau jir y;<sia myla mqrd foaYkd lr jod< nqoaO O¾uhhs'

th fï fy< ìfï§u Wm; ,enQ W;=ï nqoaO O¾uhhs'

nqoaO m%;sudj je|mqod .ekSu wdrïN ùu;a iu.u

fn!oaOhdf.a Nla;sh - nqoaO Nla;sh - we;s jqjd jdf.au

fn!oaOhdf.a wkkH;djho /l=Kq nj;a fmkajd Èh hq;=h' nqoaO

O¾uh msßisÿ jQ ;rug ksjka olskakg Wmldr jkakd fiau

mrïmrdfjka mrïmrdjg th mj;ajdf.k tkakg kï nqoaOd.u

ñi nqoaO O¾uh iu;a fkdjk nj;a fmkajd Èh hq;=h' Bg fya;=j

nqoaO O¾uh ta ta mqoa.,hdu ;u ;ukaf.au ukisldrh ÈhqKq

lrf.k fm!oa.,slju wjfndaO lr.; hq;= fohla ñi

weoys,a,la fkdjk ksihs' fufia i,ld n,k úg nqoaOd.u hkq

jdykhla n÷h' ta jdykfhau f.k wd nqoaO O¾uh jk

mrud¾: O¾uhu ksjka olskakg Wmldr fjhs' oekg jir 2600

lg muK fmr hq.hl§ f.!;u nqÿmshdKka úiska foaYkd lrk

,o W;=ï nqoaO O¾uh /`§ /lS mj;skafka ,xldfõ§ ,shQ

;s%msgl nqoaO foaYkdj ;=< mu‚' ixialD;sl wx.hka"

idys;Huh wx.hka yd fjk;a fndfyda ieris,s iys; jQ w,xldr

woaN+; foa wka;¾.; jkafka yd wh;a jkafka nqoaOd.ug ñi

- 34 -


W;=ï nqoaO O¾uhg kï fkdfõ' ish¨u wdñi mQcd" je÷ï ms÷ï

ms<sfj;a" Ydka;s l¾u" wdYs¾jdo mqcd wdÈh fukau iÊCOdhkd

l%uhkao wh;a jkafka nqoaOd.ughs' nqoaO O¾uh ksjka olskakg

Wmldr jk ms<sfj;ska fm<.eiSuhs'

nqoaOd.u;a úkdY fkdlru" weoys,a,la f,iska wo

mj;sk nqoaOd.u kue;s iïu; wd.ï ixl,amhka ;=<skau"

mrud¾: O¾uh f;areï .ekSu u.skau" ksjka wjfndaO

lr.kakg Wmldr jk OïudkqOïu m%;smodj wjfndaO

lr.ekSu kshu fn!oaOfhl=f.a W;aidyh úh hq;=hs' iïu;h

;=<skau mrud¾:h oel .; hq;=hs'

nqoaO hq.hg miqj jir 600 lg muK miqj bkaÈhdfõ§

,shq —osjHdjodkh" ,,s; úia;rh˜ wd§ ixialD; fmd;a j,

m<uqfjkau nqoaO pß;hg wdod< is;=jï we| olajd nqoaO rEm yd

tjka ixl,amhka f,dalhdg y÷kajd § we;' fï fmd;a ,shd

we;af;ao wfYdal hq.hg;a miqj wd Ys,dÈ;H rdc hq.fha§h' .S%l

yd frdau l,dYs,am yd ixialD;sl wx.hka fukau foaj wd.ï

ixl,amhka o nyq, f,iskau nqoaOd.u ;=<g jeoao .;af;a fï

hq.fha§h' fï foaj wd.ï ixl,am yd ixialD;sl wx.hka yq§

ck myka ixfõ.h i|yd n,j;a fiau Wmldr jQ ksid

bkaÈhdfõ§ wdrïN jQ bkaÈhdfõ§ mgka.;a" fujeks oE

wkqrdOmqr rdcOdksh lrdo ixl%uKh jQ nj fmfka' fï wkqj

uydhdk nqoaOd.fï fndfydauhla wx. yd Wmdx. ,xldfõ

fn!oaO ckhd w;ro" úfYaIfhka bkaÈhdfõ isg furgg meñ‚

m%N+ msßia w;ro m%p,s; jQ ksid tajd ckms%h jkakg úh'

wkqrdOmqr hq.fha§ wNh.sß úydrfha wdrïNh fuys m%;sM,hls'

ksldh fNaohkag uq,ajqfhao fuhhs'

f;d¨ú, nqÿ ms<suh" ud,s.dú, nqÿ ms<suh" wõlk nqÿ

ms<suh" ;ka;sßuf,a nqÿ ms<suh"' /iafjfyr nqÿ ms<suh wd§

- 35 -


úYd, m%udKfha nqÿ ms<su fk,Su ,xldfõ wdrïN lf<a 3 jk

ishjig wdikak ld,hl§h' kuq;a reyqfKa msßisÿ nqoaO O¾uh

ta jk úg;a wdrlaId jQ mQckSh ia:dk j, fujka nqÿ ms<su

jkaokdjla tod mej;s njla fkdfmfka'

fï wkqj i,ld n,k l, wmg wo nqoaOd.u hehs

woykakg b;sß ù we;s" wo;a fn!oaO ckhd w.h fldg woyk

yd w.h fldg i,lk fndfyda ixialD;sl wx.hka tod

bkaÈhdfõ isg ,xldjg f.kd foaj,ah' fï fya;=j ksidu tod

mer‚ isxy,hka fukau wo j¾;udk fndfyda .sys meúÈ

fn!oaOhskao nqoaOd.u bkaÈhdfjka ,xldjg f.kd nj mejiSu

;rula ÿrg idOdrK m%ldYhls' kuq;a W;=ï nqoaO O¾uh kï

,xldfõu wdrïN ù bkaÈhdjg;a f.k .sh fohla nj;a f;areï

.; hq;=h' nqoaO wd.u yd nqoaO O¾uh hkq tllau f,iska olsk"

fï foflys fjkila y÷kd.kakg neß" mD:.ack mqoa.,hska

;j ÿrg;a ñ:Hd ixl,am yd ñ:Hd u; j, t,a,S nqoaOd.u

bkaÈhdfõ isg ,xldjg f.kd njg ;¾l lsÍu ms<sn|j mqÿu

úh hq;= fkdfõ' Tjqkaf.a fkdoekqj;alu .eko wm wkqlïmd

l< hq;=hs'

5' fy<ìu uq,au hq.fha mej;s nqoaO jkaokd l%u

f.!;u nqÿmshdKka tod fy< ìu ckanqoaùmfha

Ôjudkju jev isá hq.fha§;a fn!oaO ck;djg nqÿka jykafia

isysm;a lr je÷ï msÿï lr.ekSug f.!;u nqÿmshdKkau

wkqoek jod<" ksoafoai lr jod< mQcd jia;+ka lsysmhlau úh'

fïjd fldgia ;=klg fnod oelaúh yelsh'

- 36 -


¸' mdßfNda.sl jia;+ka

¸¸' Woafoaisl jia;+ka

¸¸¸' YdÍßl Od;+ka

fï fldgia ;=kgu tod uq,au hq.fha fy<Èj fn!oaOhd

je| mqod.;a nj ;s%msglfha;a" uydjxYfha;a" §m jxYfha;a

meyeÈ,sju i|ykaj we;'

fï wkqj isÿy;a fndai;a ;=ud Wm; ,enQ" f.!;u nqÿ

mshdKka nqoaO;ajhg m;a jQ" jir y;<sia myla mqrdu nqoaO

O¾uh foaYkd lrk ,o fï fy<ìfï uq,au fn!oaO ck;djo

nqÿka isysm;a lsÍu i|yd fï fldgia ;=kgu wh;a mQcd jia;+kag

Y%oaOdfjka hq;=j yd f.!rj Nla;sfhka hq;=j jkaokdudk lrk

isß;la tod mej;sKs'

f.!;u nqÿ mshdKka jykafia nqoaO;ajhg m;a ùfï§ msg

ÿka" Wkajykafia mdßfNda. l<" ch isß uyd fndaêh yd ta

fndaëka jykafiaf.a wxl=r fndaëka jykafia,d fufia uq,au

hq.fha§ fy<Èj ckhd je| mqod.;a jeo.;au mQcd jia;=jhs'

f.!;u nqÿmshdKkau wdkkao yduqÿrejkag tod Wmfoia § jod<

mßÈ ysßjvqkafka isg jvïujd f.k wd isß uyd fndaê wxl=rhla

ieje;akqjr fÊ;jkdrdu N+ñfha tkï wo ßá., kñka

y÷kajk mqrdúoHd N+ñfha msysá kd jkfha ^fÊ;jkfha& tod

frdamkh lr je÷ï msÿï lr.;a nj wfma rfÜ§u ,shQ b;sydi

fmd;a j,o i|ykah' fï wdkkao fndaêh tod frdamKh lr

;snqfKa wo ßá., msysá kd Whfkah' wo th jkfhka hgù

wNdjhg f.dia we;s nj fmfka'

óg wu;rj f.!;u nqÿmshdKka mßyrKh l<

jc%dikhgo tod mgkau fy<Èj fn!oaOhd je÷ï msÿï l<y'

ysßjvqkak ch › uyd fndaê uq,fha wog;a olskakg we;af;a;a"

- 37 -


fn!oaO f,dalhd wog;a je÷ï msÿï lrkafka;a tod f.!;u

nqÿkaf.a nqÿ myi ,enQ jc%dikhguh' ;j;a fujeksu jc%dik

lsysmhlau w;S; fy<ìfï jeo.;a mQckSh ia:dkj, ;snq nj

fmfk;;a wo m%isoaêfha fïjd oel .kakg ke;'

f.!;u nqÿ mshdKka Ôjudkj jevisá ld,fha§u

fndfyda fn!oaOhska je|mqod.;a WoafoaYsl mQcd NdKavh jqfha nqÿ

isß m;=,hs' nqÿ isß m;=f,a msysgd ;snq úiañ; ,l=Kq ksidu fï

úfYaI ,laIK iys;ju .f,a fldgd ilia lr.;a nqÿ isßm;=,a

j,g jkaokd lsÍug tod fy< Èj fn!oaOhd mgka .;ay' nqÿka

Ôjudkj isá ld,fha§u f.!;u nqÿkaf.au nqÿ md myi ,enQ

isßmdo iam¾Yh ,enQ isß m;=,a wgla fy<ìfï wg ia:dkhl

;ekam;a lr je÷ï msÿï lrkakg tod fy<ìu ck;dj mgka

.;ay' isß m;=,a hq.,hka jYfhka iuyr ;ekl msysgq jQ w;r"

;ks isßm;=,la f,i msysg jQ ia:dkhkao ;snq‚' fï ia:dkhka

miqj wg uyd ia:dkhka - wguia:dk - jkaokdj f,iska tod

,xldfõ fn!oaOhd w;f¾o m%p,s; úh' wkqrdOmqr hq.fha§ mjd

fndfyda fy< rc orejka" m%N+jreka" isgqjreka fy<ìfï msysá

fuu mer‚ wguia:dkhka je| mqod .kakg rc fmryßka .uka

l< nj —yia;id,skS kue;s wkqrmqr hq.fha§ ,shq fmd;lo

i|yka ù we;'

f.!;u nqÿmshdKka tod Ôjudkj jev isá hq.fhau

YdÍßl Od;= jkaokdjo wkqoek jod< w;r f,dõ;=rd

nqÿmshdKka jykafiaf.a Ydßßl Od;=" mfia nqÿjrhka jykafia

flfkl=f.a Ydßßl Od;= wry;=ka jykafia flfkl=f.a Ydßßl

Od;= yd pl%j¾;s rcflfkl=f.a Ydßßl Od;= ;ekam;a lr od

.eí yd ffp;Hhka bÈlr jkaokdudk lsÍu nqÿmshdfKda tod

wkqoek jod<y' f.!;u nqÿmshdKka nqoaO;ajhg m;a jQ fkdfnda

- 38 -


Èklg miqju je÷ï msÿï lr.kakg hula b,a,d isá —;miaiq

N,a¨l˜ fj<| fonEhkag ,nd ÿka Ydßßl Od;=ka jqfha flai

Od;=kah' fï flai Od;= ;ekam;a lr bÈl< od.en ;sßhdh

—.sßy~q iEh˜ kï úh' fï od.en msysáfha ,xldfõ ;s%l=Kdu,h

wi, tod wx. rgg wh;a jQ ia:dkhlh' ish¨u fn!oaOfhda fï

nj wo;a ms<s.ks;s' f.!;u nqÿka fjkqfjka fï fy<ìfïu

bÈl< fojk od.en jkafkao uyshx.kfha iquk rcq bÈ l<

od.enhs' tyso f.!;u nqÿkaf.au flaiOd;= ;ekam;a lr

od.enla bÈl< nj b;sydifha i|ykah' f.!;u nqÿ mshdKkag

fmr msßksjka md jod< wiquyd Y%djlhska jykafia,d w;ßka

ießhq;a" uq.,ka wd§ uy wry;=ka jykafia,d oi kulf.au

Ydßßl Od;= ;ekam;a lr rc.y kqjr ffp;Hhka bÈlr

jkaokd udk l< nj ;s%msglfha i|ykah' wog;a wïmdf¾ rc.,

fï ffp;Hhka oyfhau kgUqka meyeÈ,sju oel .kakg we;'

tfia kï fï fy<ìfï wkqrdOmqr hq.hg fndfyda fmr hq.hfha§

bÈlrk ,o ffp;Hhka yd od.eí je| mqod .ekSuo tod fy<

fn!oaOhkaf.a isß;la úh'

f.!;u nqÿmshdKka jykafiaf.a msßksjka mEu isÿ jQ

l=iskdrd kqjr§ ^nqÿ.,& tod ish¨u i¾j{ Od;+ka jykafia,d

fldgia wglg fnod fjkalr Ndr ÿkafka tjlg fï fy<ìfïu

rclrk ,o rcjreka wg fofkl=gh' tod mgkau fï Od;+ka

jykafia,d fy<ìu jeishkaf.a je÷ï msÿï j,g md;% úh'

bkaÈhdfõ isg Od;=ka jykafia,d ,xldjg jevu jq njla lsisu

b;sydih fmd;l m;l fyda uydjxYfha fyda fld;ekl j;au

i|ykaj ke;' fyauud,d l=ußh iy oka; l=ure oka; Od;=ka

jykafia jevujdf.k wkqrdOmqrhg wdfõ nqÿ., l=iskdrd

kqjßka ñi fjk;a ;eklska fkdfõ' l=iskdrd kqjr msysáfhao

ckanqoaùmfhah' wo kï tA r;akmqr Èia;s%lalfha nqÿ.,hs'

- 39 -


f.!;u nqÿmshdKka Ôjudkj jev isá hq.fha mgkau ch

isß uy fndaêka jykafia je| mqod .ekSfï isß; fy< fn!oaO

f,dalhd w;f¾ m%p,s; úh' fï wkqj f.!;u nqÿka Ôjudkj

jev isá hq.fhau ysßjvqkafka msysá ch isß uyd fnda iñ÷f.ka

fnda wxl=r /f.k ú;a frdamKh lr je÷ï msÿï lsÍfï isß;

wkqj tys m<uqjeks fndaê wxl=rh jvïujdf.k .sfha

biskaneiai., bism;kdrduhgh' ueojÉÑfha msysá

biskaneiai., tod liS rgg wh;a jQ ia:dkhls' tod frdamKh

l< ch › uy fnda wxl=rh wo olajdu;a biskaneiai., rcuy

úydr N+ñfha wdrlaId ù mj;s' wog;a fn!oaO fy< ck;dj fï

fndaëka jykafiag je÷ï msÿï lr;s'

ch › uy fndaëka jykafiaf.a ;j;a fnda wxl=rhla

rc.ykqjr wïmdr rc., fõ¨jkdrdufha;a frdamKh lr Bg

je÷ï msÿï lrkakg mgka .;af;ao f.!;u nqÿka Ôjudk

ld,fha§uh' fï fndaëka jykafia ms<sn|j wo jk úg f;dr;=re

oek.kakg fkd,efnkafka miq.sh jir 1000 lg;a jeä

ld,hla ta rc., m%foaYhu uy le,fhka jeiS hgm;aj .sh

fyhsks'

ch › uy fnda iñ÷kaf.a ;j;a YdLdjla miq lf,l

isoaOd¾: l=udfrd;am;a;sh isÿ jq ¨ïì‚fha" ^wo kï nUr.,&

frdamKh lrjQ w;r wog;a nUr., jej.u rcuyd úydr

N+ñfha fï fndaëka jykafia Ôjudkju jev isà'

f.!;u nqÿmshdKkaf.a msßksùu;a iu.u l=iskdrd

kqjrgo ch isß fndaëka jykafia f.ka fndaê wxl=rhla

jvïujdf.k ú;a tys frdamKh lr .ekSu isÿúh' wog;a

nqÿ., yd l=r., w;r ldg;a oel je| mqod .; yels

geïmsghdh fndaêh kñka m%isoaO w;s mer‚ fndaëka jykafia

- 40 -


fufia ,nd.;a fnda wxl=rhls' f.!;u nqÿmshdKka msßksùfuka

jir 280 lg muK miq hq.hl ix>ñ;a;d fufy‚h úiska

wkqrdOmqrh lrd ysßjvqkafka ch isß uy fnda iñ÷kaf.ka

,nd.;a fnda wxl=rhla jevuùfï i;H mqj; jgd f.;=Kq

l:djo fndaê jxYfha i|yka fõ'

fndaë jxYh ,shd m< lf<a oUfo‚ hq.fha§ jk w;r fï

ms<sn|j tk l;d mqj; W;a;rjxYfhao" uydjxYfhao

§mjxYfhao fláfhka i|yka fjhs'

ñys÷ l=udrhd" iÕñ;a l=ußh yd iqukd" iqkkaod hk

l=ußhka ;sfokd;a iuÕ wfYdal rcqf.a hqoaO iufha fy< ìug

mek wd w;r tu rcl=ur l=ußhka tod ieÕù .;af;a wïmdf¾

rc., fõ¨jkdrdu N+ñfhah' fï i;r fokdu ld,sx. m%foaYfha

bka§h rc mjq,lg wh;a rc l=ur l=ußhkah' wfYdal rcqgo

kElï we;s fï rc l=ur l=ußhka fy<ìug mek wdfõ wfYdal

rcqf.a hqoaOhg ìfhkah' wfYdal rcq bkaÈhdfõ rclï l<

m%dfoaYSh rc mjq,aj,g wh;a ;ukaf.au kEoEhska iuq,>d;kh

l< nj b;du;a m%isoaOh' fï l=ur l=ußhka tod fy<ìug mek

wfõ ;u Ôú;h fírd .kakgh' rc.,g wd fï l=ur l=ußfhda

ish¨ fokdu m<uqj uyK jQy' ñys÷ uy ry;ka jykafia kñka

uyK ù uÕM, ,ndf.k isxy," ud.ë yd nqoaO O¾uho bf.k

f.k miq lf,l wkqrdOmqrhg nqoaO O¾uh y÷kajd fok

,oafoao rc., wïmdf¾ rc.ykqjr fõ¨jkdrdufha Ôj;a jQ

ñys÷ ysñhka úisks' miq lf,l wfYdal rcq nqoaOd.u je<|f.k

O¾udfYdal njg m;a jQ miqj bkaÈhdjg f.dia tys nqoaOd.u

me;sr ùugo Wkajykafia ls%hd l<y' ñys÷ ysñhka ;u wjidk

ld,h .; lf<a;a msßksjka md jodf<a;a wïmdf¾ rc., kñka

m%isoaO jQ rc.ykqjr§h'

- 41 -


wïmdf¾ rc.,ska yuq jQ msysá .,l ,shd we;s

fi,a,smshl=;a ta fi,a,smsh wdikakfhau we;s ffp;Hhl

kgUqkao wog;a fï mqj; ikd: lrhs' fï wkqj tod ñys÷ ysñhka

uyK jQ O¾uh bf.k.;a uÕM, ,nd.;a f,dal fn!oaO

uq,ia:dkh jqfha wïmdf¾ wo rc., kñka m%isoaO jQ tod

rc.ykqjr fõ¨jkdrdufha§h' ñys÷ ysñhka bkaÈhdfõ hï

;ekl isg wkqrdOmqrhg jevu lr jodf<a kï Wkajykafia

msßksjka mEu i|yd iy ;u wjidk Ôú; ld,h .; lsÍu

i|yd wkqrdOmqrfhka b;d wE; msysá rc., f;dard .kakg

lsisÿ fya;=jla ke;' rc.y kqjßka wkqrdOmqrhg jevu l<

ñys÷ ysñhka kej;;a rc.y kqjrgu wdmiq jevu l< nj;a ta

jk úg;a b;du ÈhqKq yd Okj;a ;;a;ajhlska rc., msysá fy<

rdcOdksh mej;s nj;a" fn!oaO úoHd ia:dkhlaj th mej;s

nj;a fï idlaIs j,skau Tmamq l< yelshs'

ñys÷ ysñhka tod jevisá rc., fõ¨jkdrduh N+ñfhau

msysgd ;snq fufy‚ wdrduhl§ uyK jQ iÕñ;a l=ußho miq

lf,l u.M, ,ndf.k ñys÷ ysñhka iuÕ wkqrdOmqrhg

jevujd jodf<a ,xld mqrfha fufy‚ iiqk msysgq ùu i|ydh'

fï hk .ukl§ wkqrdOmqr fn!oaO ck;djg je÷ï msÿï lr

.ekSug ysßjvqkafka chisß uy fndaëka jykafia f.ka fndaê

wxl=rhla wkqrdOmqrhg jvïujd f.k .sh mqj; fndaΩê

jxYfhau i|yka fjhs'

tod f.!;u nqÿmshdKka nqoaO;ajhg m;a jQ oji jk úg

ysßjvqkak m%foaYh md,kh lf<a uqp,skao kï kd. f.da;s%l rcq

úisks' uqp,skao kï kd. f.da;s%l rcq f.!;u nqÿkag jeiafika

fíÍ jdih lsÍug ilia lr ÿka l=áh;a" ie;fmkakg ilia lr

ÿka .,a wdikh;a wo;a ysßjvqkafka olskakg we;' nqoaO;ajhg

m;a ùfï§ Ndú;d lrk ,o wdikh jQ jÊrdikho ilia lr

- 42 -


ÿkafka uqp,skao rcquh' ix>ñ;a;d fufy‚h wkqrdOmqrhg ch

› uy fndaêfhka fnda wxl=rhla jvïujd f.k hkakg

ysßjvqkakg meñ‚ wjia:dfõo tys md,kh Ndrj isáfha kd.

f.da;%hgu wh;a rcjrekah' fï nj ikd: lrk i;HujQ

mqj;la fndaê jxYfha;a uydjxYfha;a i|yka fjhs' fï mqj;

kï ch › uyd fndaëka jykafia f.ka ,nd .;a fnda wxl=rh

wkqrdOmqrhg jvïujdf.k hkakg fmr kd f,dj§ mqo mQcd l<

njhs'

—kd f,dj i;shla mqo ,o fndaêh˜ kñka wog;a fndaê

jkaokdfõ§ lú fm<l i|yka jkafkao fï mqj;hs' tod kd

f,dj jqfha kd. f.da;%hg wh;a jQ fï rdcOdkshh' tod fy<ìu

kd. rdcOdks .Kkdjlau ;snq‚'

rc.y kqjr ^wïmdf¾& isg ysßjvqkakg meñ‚

ix>ñ;a;d l=ußh kd. f.da;s%l rcqf.a wkq.%yho we;sj tod

wkqrdOmqrhg chisß uy fndaêh jevu lr jqfha fkarxckd

kÈh Èf.ah' wo yqre¿Th yd hdkaTh kñka y÷kajk .Õ tod

úYd, .x.djla f,iska .,df.k .sh fkarxckd kÈhhs' fï

kÈh Èf.a ch isß uyd fnda wxl=rh jvïujd f.k f.dia

foajdkï msh;siai rcqg th uy lkordj wi, f;dgqm,l§ Ndr

§ we;'

wkqrdOmqrfha§ tod meje;a jQ fuu chisß uy fnda wxl=r

frdamK W;aijhg tjlg kefÕkysr yd reyqfKa rclï l<

fy< rcorejkago wdrdOkh l< nj;a fufia wdrdOkd ,en tys

meñ‚ reyqKq rcorejka wdmiq hk .ufka§ ysßjvqkafka msysá

ch isß uyd fndaêfhka ,nd.;a fnda wxl=r lsysmhla reyqKg

/f.k f.dia tys frdamKh l< nj;a uyd jxYfhau i|yka

fjhs' l;r.u fnda iñ÷ fuhska tl fndaêhls'

- 43 -


óg wdikaku ld,hl§ tjlg bkaÈhdfõ rclï l<

wfYdal rc;=ud fj;o ysßjvqkafka msysá ch › uy fndaêfhka

,nd.;a fndaê wxl=rhla ;E.s lr hejq nj;a wfYdal rc;=ud ta

fnda wxl=rh ;uka ks¾udKh l< wdlD;s nqoaO.hdfõ frdamKh

lrf.k jkaokd udk l< nj;a b;sydifha i|yka fõ' idxÑ

f;drfKa oelafjkafkao wfYdal rcq fuu fnda wxl=rh Ndr

.kakd Ñ;% igykls'

fuu fnda wxl=rh wfYdal rcqf.a Ôú; ld,fhau wjidk

hq.fha§ wfYdal wêrdchdf.au ìijl úiska lgq.id úkdY lr

oeuq nj;a b;sydifhau ,shd ;nd we;' miq lf,l§ bkaÈhdjg

;j;a chisß ud fnda wxl=rhla jevujd f.k hkakg .;a

W;aidyho je<lS .sh nj;a i|ykah' fufia miqj jevujdf.k

hkakg W;aidy .;a fuu fndaëka jykafia ;ka;sßuf,a

mQcdN=ñfhka Tíng jevujd f.k hkakg fkdyels jQ nj;a

wog;a ta fndaê wxl=rh ;ka;sßuf,a mQcdN+ñfha fn!oaO ckhdg

je|mqod .kakg iqÿiq fia Ôjudkju tys jev isák nj;a fmkajd

Èh hq;=h'

nqÿka jykafia Ôjudkj jevisá hq.fha§u fï fy<ìfï

wguydia:dkhl fndaëka jykafia,d wgkula fn!oaO

uyckhdf.a je|mqod .ekSu i|yd iqÿiq fia frdamKh lr

ia:dms; lr ;sì‚' fï wdldrhg ch isß uy fndaëka jykafiaf.a

fnda wxl=rhka frdamKh l< ish¨u ia:dkj,;a ysßjvqkafka

chisß uy fndaëka jykafia wi,;a tod nqÿ isßm;=,ao ilia lr

f.!;u nqÿmshdKka jykafiaf.au mdo iam¾Yh ,ndf.k

;ekam;a lr je| mqod.kakg tod fn!oaOfhda mgka .;ay'

fy<ìu foaj fy<fha ckanqoaùmfha msysg jQ nqÿ isß m;=,a hq.,

jYfhka isß m;=,a folu iys;j ia:dk yhl tod ;ekam;a lr

;snq‚' ta ysßjvqkak ch isß uy fndaêh wi, biskaneiai.,

- 44 -


bism;kdrdufha" nUr., isÿy;a Wm; isÿ jq N+ñfha" l=iskdrd

kqjr nqÿ., wi, geïmsghdfha" ßá., fÊ;jkdrdufha yd

rc., fõ¨jkdrdu mqoìfï hk ia:dkhka yhlh' Bg wu;rj

tod kd. rdcHhg wh;aj ;snq fudlaflu ^l,amsáh& kï

ia:dkfha;a" iuk, lkao uqÿfka;a isßm;=,a msysgq úh' iuk,

lkafoa yd fudlaflu ;ks isßm;=,la ne.ska ;ekam;a l< w;r

wfkla ia:dk j, isßm;=,a hq.,hka ne.ska ;ekam;a lrkakgo

úfYaI fya;=jla ;sfnkakg we;'

tod ix>ñ;a;d fufyKsh úiska isß uy fnda wxl=rhla

wkqrdO mqrhg jvïujdf.k f.dia iq¿ l,lg miqj ysßjvqkak

isß uy fnda iñ÷ jev isá N+ñfhau fn!oaOhdg jkaokdudk

lrkakg ilia lr f.k ;snQ nqÿ isßm;=,ao wkqrdOmqrhg

jvïujd f.k f.dia wkqrdOmqrfha rc ud,s.h wi, u w¨;ska

f.dv kÕk ,o úydrhl ;ekam;a lrkq ,eì‚' w¨;ska

frdamkh lrk ,o isßud fnda wxl=rhg;a" rc ud,s.dj wi,

isßm;=,a ;ekam;a lr bÈl< úydrhg;a" rc mjqf,a wh;a

uyckhd;a tod jkaokdudk meje;ajQy' fï wkqj wkqrmqr

rdcOdksfha uq,au hq.fha§ fn!oaOhska jkaokdudk lrk ,oafoa

isß uyfnda iñ÷kag yd nqÿ isß m;=,g;ah'

rejkaje,s uyiEh" :Qmdrduh wdoS uy od.eí bos l<

miqj isßm;=,a jkaokdj l%udkql+,j wfydais ù .sfhah' nqÿms,su

jkaokdj mgka .;a miqj iuk, lkaxfoa msysg jQ isß m;=,g

muKla jkaokd udk l<;a nqÿ isßm;=,g jkaokd udk lsÍu

iïmQ¾Kfhkau wNdjhg .sfhah' iuk, lkao uqÿfka msysg jQ

nqÿ isßm;=,go wo fn!oaO ckhd jkaokdudk lrkafka iuka

foúhkag mqomQcd lsÍfï foaj Nla;shlska ñi nqÿ ne;sfhka kï

fkdfõ'

- 45 -


tod fy< rcorejka yd fy<ìfï fn!oaOhska úiska

f.!rjfhka jkaokdudk lrk ,o fï W;=ï mdßfNda.sl jia;+kag

miq lf,l w;a jQ brKu kï w;sYh fÄocklh'

tod ysßjvqkafka isß uy fnda iñ÷ka wi, kd. f.da;%sl

uqp,skao rcq úiska je| mqod.kakg ilia lr ;ekam;a lr ;snQ nqÿ

md myi ,enQ nqÿ isßm;=,a hq.,ho miq l,loS wkqrdOmqr

k.rhg f.keú;a wkqrdOmqr uyfujqkd Whfka rcjdi, wi,u

;ekQ úydrhl ;ekam;a lr jkaokd udk mj;ajkakg úh'

foajdkïmsh;siai rcqf.a mgka fndfyda ld,hla wkqrmqr rclï

l< fy< rcorejka fuu nqÿ isßm;=,a jkaokd lr .;a;;a miq

lf,l uy od.eí ;kjd nqÿms,su boslr tajdg jkaokdudk

lrkakg mgka.;a miqj W;=ï isßm;=,a je|Sfï fndÿ isß;

fn!oaO ckhd w;ßka ke;a;gu ke;sù .sfhah'

óg;a jvd fÄockl isÿùu kï tod ßá.,

fÊ;jkdrdufha fn!oaO rcorejka yd fmdÿ ck;dj úiska je|

mqod.;a nqÿ isßm;=,a hq.,h iu. ;j;a mqckSh ia:dkj,ska

fidhd.;a isßm;=,a hq.,hka lsysmhlau wo jk úg rejkaje,s

iEfha i,m;, u¨fõ .,a w;rg w,a,d ìu iúlr tAjd fmdÿ

uyckhdg mEf.kakg ie,eiaùuhs' fuu nqÿ isß m;=,a hq.,hla

ßá.,ska yuq jQ fl!;=l jia;+ka f,i i,ld tAjd wdrËd lrkakg

rejkaje,s iE i,m;, u¨fõ ìu ;ekam;a lr ;enQ njla tÉ' iS'

mS' fn,a uy;d ;u oskfmdf;a igyka lr we;s nj mrKú;dk

uy;do i|yka lr we;'

ysßjvqkafkka tod rdc f.!rj iys;j wkqrdOmqrhg

jvïujd f.k wd isß m;=,a hq.,hkao wo jk úg wkqrdOmqr

mqrdK fl!;=ld.drh bosßmsg t,suyfka wõjg fõf,ñka

jeiaig f;fuñka wkdrËs; f,iska ìu oud we;' wo th

fl!;=l NdKavhla muKla fia i,l;s'

- 46 -


biskaneiai., msysg jQ isßm;=,ao oeka úfYaIfhka

jkaokd udk i|yd Ndú;d fkdlrk w;r wo nqoaO rEmhla

;eîug mdoula f,iska th Ndú;d lrk nj fmfka' biska

neiai., isß ud fndaêh wi,u we;s nqÿ ms,suh wo ;ekam;a lr

we;af;a fï isß m;=,a Wvh'

nqÿ., o tod isßm;=,a hq.,hla ilia fldg je÷ï msÿï

l< w;r wo tA isßm;=,a hq.,h hglr isfuka;s oud ie;fmk

nqÿms<suhla boslr we;'

fudlaflu msysgqjd ;snq isßm;=,a hglr tys l,amsáfha

kdjql yuqod l|jqrla boslr we;af;a mD;=.Sis md,k

ld,fhaoSuh'

rc.y kqjr fõ¨jk úydrfha tod ;ekam;a lr ;snQ nqÿ

isßm;=,a hq., folu uE;loS fidhdf.k we;s w;r wo tAjd

mqrdúoHd ld¾hd,h ^rc.,& wi, ìuoud uyck m%o¾Ykh

i|yd ;nd we;'

fï wdldrhg tod fn!oaO f,dalhd úiskao fy< rc

orejka úiska o ioaOdfjka jkaokdudk lr.;a nqÿ md myi ,enQ

nqÿ isßm;=,a miqj fl!;=l jia;+ka njg m;a ù wNdjhg m;aùu

isÿúh' oeka nqoaO O¾uh fkdo;a wd.ï woyk fy<osj kdñl

fn!oaOhskao wo jkaokdudk lrkafka nqoaO ms<suhkag ñi nqÿ md

myi ,o W;=ï mQckSh jia;=kag kï fkdfõ'

- 47 -


6' wguia:dk ixl,amh

tod f.!;u nqÿmshdKka fï fy<ìu Ôjudkju

hq.fhaoS;a wguy ia:dkhla je|mqod .ekSfï isß;la fn!oaO

f,dalhd w;f¾ mej;s‚' nqoaO O¾ufha tk wÜGdx.sl ud¾.hka

isysm;a lrñka wguia:dkhka je|mqod .ekSfï isß; tod mgkau

fy<ìu mej;s njg ,xldfõ ,shQ yF:id,Sks kï w;s merKs

.%ka:fhao i|yka fõ' j,.ïnd" Nd;sh" ÿgq.euqKq" úchnd" uyd

mrdl%undyq fukau ksiaixlu,a, hk rcorejkao fuu

fy<ìfï msysá wguy ia:dk j,ska lsysmhla fyda je| mqod

.kakg tAjd lrd rc fmryfrka .sh nj b;sydi fmd;aj,

i|yka fõ' fï lsisu fy< rcorefjl= wguia:dk jkaokdj

i|yd bkaoshdjg fyda Ndr; foaYhg fyda .sh njla b;sydifha

kï i|ykaj ke;' uyd mßksíndk iq;%fha f.!;u nqÿmshdkkau

wkqoek jod, mßos je|mqod oeln,d.; hq;= ia:dk y;ru;a fï

fn!oaO wguia:dk ixl,amhgo mdol jkakg we;' fï wkqj

isßm;=,a wgl=;a" fnda wxl=r wgl=;a je|Su fn!oaO wguia:dk

ixl,amhg yd wIagm, fndaê ixl,amhgo uq,a jqjdg ielhla

ke;'

wo jk úg;a fn!oaO f,dalhd wkq.ukh lrK

wkqrdOmqrfhaoS wguia:dkhka jkaokd lr.ekSfï isß;go uq,a

jQfha fï uq,au wguia:dk jkaokdjhs' tod bkaoshdjg nqoaOd.u

y÷kajd ÿka wfYdal uyrc;=ud;a bkaoshdj ;=<o fï wguia:dk

jkaokdj wdrïN lsÍug wdlD;s jYfhka ia:dk wglau

f.dvkxjd tAjdg jkaokd udk lsÍug bkaoSh ck;djg;a mqreÿ

lf<ah'

jevisá

- 48 -


wguia:dk jkaokd ixl,amh miqj ysxÿ yd fõo wd.ï

j,go we;=<;a jQ nj bkaoshdfõoS ,shQ ,,s; úia;rh kue;s

fmdf;a i|yka fõ' bkaoshdfõoS yskaÿka yd nuqKka mõ fidaod

yßk f;dgqm, wgla f,iska ;S¾: ia:dkhka wgla kï lr tu

ia:dkhka je|mqod .;a nj;a" Ys,dos;H kï bkaoshdfõ rclï

l< rcq mjd fuu ;S¾: ia:dkhka je| mqod .kakg .sh nj;a

—osjHdjodkh˜ kï ixialD; fmdf;a i|yka fjhs' nIdï;=ud ,shq

bkaoshd b;sydih fmdf;ao fuu wguia:dk jkaokdj ms<sn|j

meyeos,sju igyka lr ;nd we;'

b;d wE; w;S;fha mgkau fï fy<ìfï ckanqoaùmfha -

wkqrdOmqr hq.hg;a fmr hq.j,oS mjd fy<ìu fn!oaOhdg

je|mqod .kakg - wguia:dkhkau boslr" kï lr" mej;s nj

meyeos,sh' fï wguy ia:dkhka l,ska l,g fjkia úh' fufia

fjkia jQ njg meyeos,sju idOl we;af;a wm wo Ndú;d lrk

isxy, msß;a fmdf;ah' fï msß;a fmdf;a —úydr wiak˜ hk kñka

tA tA hq.j," tA tA m%foaYj, msysgqjd ;snQ wguia:dkhka fjka

fjkaj i|yka lr fjkaj fma<shg ,shd ;nd we;' fï f,iska

wguia:dkhka ,shd ;eîu ljod wdrïN ù oehs ;srKh lrkakg

wmyiq kuq;a tA tA hq.hkaySoS je|mqod.;a ia:dkhkaf.a kï fjka

fjkaju tlu fþohlg i|yka lr ,shd ;nd we;'

úydr wiafkys tk w;S;fhaoS je|mqod .;a úydrhka

olajk kïj, tla fm<lg f.dkqlr ,shd we;s fuu mQckSh

ia:dkhkaf.a kï foi úuis,af,ka n,kak' —fÊ;jk úydrh"

lms, úydrh" bism;kdrduh" l=iskdrduh" mq¾jdrduh"

oËsKdrduh yd W;a;rdrduh" is¿ñKs iEh hk wguia:dkhka

wkqrmqr hq.hg fmr tla;rd jljdkqjl ^nqoaO hq.fha§&

je|mqod.;a úydr f,aLkhg we;=<;a lr ,shd ;nd we;' fuys

- 49 -


tk lms, úydrh hkq rc., msysá fõ¨jkdrduh wi, msysá

merKs fn!oaO uq,ia:dkhhs'

fuhska meyeos,s jk mru i;Hh kï fï fy< ìfï hï

w;S; hq.hl fï kïj,ska i|yka jQ nqÿ md myi ,enQ fuu W;=ï

ia:dkhka msysgqjd ;snqKq njhs' wo fïjd bkaoshdfõ fyda uyd

Ndr;fha fyda úydria:dkhka hehs kï lr wfma fy< b;sydih

hgm;a lrkakg ork wid¾:l W;aidyhka .eko fy<ìfï

Ôj;ajk wjxl fn!oaOhska yeáhg wm l,amkd l< hq;=h' fïjd

wfma msß;a fmdf;a ,shd ;nd we;af;a wehs@

ld,hdf.a wejEfuka bism;kdrduh biskaneiai., hk

kñkao" - rc.y kqjr - rc., kñkao" fÊ;jkdrduh - ßá.,

kñkao" l=iskdrduh - nqÿ., hk kñkao lgg myiq f,iska kï

ilia ù Ndú;hg f.k we;' fï ish¨u ia:dkhka wo jk úg

fidhd oek fn!oaO f,dalhdg ioaOd is;ska je|mqod f.k nqoaO

Yla;shg wkq.;jkakg wjYH mßos ia:dk ^Gdk& jYfhkau

y÷kajd oSu fï fmd;a ,shd t,soelaùfï tlu mrud¾:hhs'

tod f.!;u nqÿmshdKka jykafia fï fy<ìfï

ckanqoaùmfha jevisá hq.fhaoSu je|mqod .kakg wkqoek jod<

wkqrdOmqr rdcOdksh oshqKq jkakg;a fmr jir 600 la muKu

oS¾> ld,hla mqrdu;a rfÜ md,lhska" rcorejka yd uyckhdo

je|mqod .;a w;S; wguy ia:dkhka fjka fldg y÷kd oel n,d

.ekSfï myiqj i|yd fuys igyka lr ;nñ'

- 50 -


¸' f.!;u nqÿmshdKka jykafia nqoaO;ajhg m;ajQ chisß uy

fnda iñ÷ msysá ia:dkh

wo jk úg ysßjvqkak isßuy fndaëka jykafia f,iska

fmdÿfõ ljqre;a y÷kajk fuu chisß uy fnda iñ÷ msysgd

we;af;a fuu fy<ìu ,xldoaùmfha yß ueoh' tkï uOH

uKav,fhah' ,xldj msysá foaYdxYl yd wËdxYl .ek n,d tA

wkqj y;/ia fldgqjla f,iska ilia lr f.k tys uq¿ y;r hd

lr l;srhla .id n,d ,xldfõ yßueo ,Ëh ,nd.kak' fuu

,Ëh yßhgu ysßjvqkak fnda iñ÷ oekg;a jevjdih lrk

ia:dkhhs' oUq,a, ynrK ud¾.fha 110 lS' óg¾ lKqj wi,ska

jug yeÍ lS' óg¾ tlla muK .=remdr osf.a .uka lrk úg

fuu ruKsh ia:dkhg <Õd úh yelsh' tod mgkau fï fndaëka

jykafiag iqÿ fndaêh hk ku jHjydr lr ;snQ njo fmkajd osh

hq;=h'

—cfhda uqkskaoiai - iqfndaê uqf,a

wfydais udriai - mrdcfhdayS˜

hk fndaê jkaokd .d:dfjys —iqfndaê˜ hkq fï iqÿ fndaêhg tod

Ndú;d l< úfYaI kduhhs' ,xldfõ fyda f,dalfha fyda fjk;a

lsisÿ fndaëka jykafia kulg iqÿ fndaêh hehs kï lr ke;'

wo;a jirlg jrla chisß uy fnda iñ÷kaf.a fndaê uQ,fhka

fjila fmdfydhg wdikak oskhl iqÿ fnda wxl=rhla u;=ùu

u.ska fï iqÿ fndaêh f,dalhdg m%o¾Ykh lrkq ,efí'

fuu chisß uy fndaê uq,fha f.!;u nqÿmshdkkag

nqoaO;ajhg m;aùu i|yd jev ys|skakg uqp,skao kï kd.

f.da;%sl rc;=ud úiska lrjd ÿka jÊrdikho wog;a tA fndaê

uQ,fhau fkdfi,a ù ;ekam;a ù mj;S' fï jÊrdikh

- 51 -


lsisfjl=g;a fid,jkakg" fjkia lrkakg fyda úkdY lrkakg

neß wdldrhgu ia:djrju ;ekam;a ù we;s wdldrh th oel

n,df.ku Tngo iy;sl lr .; yelsh'

mqrdúod rËs;hla f,iskao jkjdiS ksldhg wh;a

wdr[a[ fiakdikhla f,iskao wog;a wdrËd ù mj;sk fï

W;=ï mqkHN+ñh tod fy< rcorejka úiska je|mqod .;a" úydr

wiafkao ku i|yka jk" W;a;rdrduh f,iska tod ye|skajQ cá,

ldYHm we;=¿ NslaIqka jykafia oyila fokdo tl, jev isá

ia:dkhhs'

wguia:dkhkag whs;s m<uqjk ia:dkh jk fï ia:dkh

ms<sn|j jeä ÿrg;a f;dr;=re oek .kakg uq,ska ,shQ m<uqjk

fmd;o lshjd n,kak'

¸¸' isÿy;a fndai;a l=urd W;am;a;sh ,enQ ¨ïì‚h

tod fy< rcorejka úiska .,a lgdrï fldgd

f.!;u nqÿrcdKka jykafiagu mQcd lrk ,o fuh W;=ï

mQckSh ia:dkhls' wguia:dk w;ßka jeo.;au ;ekla .;a fï

mQckSh ia:dkh msysgd we;af;a uykqjr Èia;s%lalfha f;,afo‚h

m%dfoaYsh f,alï fldÜGdifha nUr., rcuyd úydrh" jej.u

rcuy úydrh hk kï j,ska wo y÷kajk ia:dkfhah'

bkaøid, .=ydj we;=¿ lgdrï flgq .,a.=yd 50 lg

wêl ixLHdjla fï rcuy úydr N+ñfha wog;a olskakg we;s

w;r fuhska .,af,ka 14lu uq,au hq.fha fy< niska ,shQ wl=re

iys; fi,a,sms 14 lao we;' f.!;u nqÿmshdKka jykafia

nqoaO;ajhg m;a jQ miq 16 jeks jir .; lf<a nUr., rcuy

úydr N+ñfha msysá bkaoid, .=ydfõ§h' fuu .,a.=ydfõ fldgd

- 52 -


we;s fi,a,smshlska th bkaoid, .=ydj njg wo y÷kdf.k

we;' tod fï .=ydj f.!;u nqÿmshdKkag jia jikakg iqÿiq

mßÈ w,xldr f,iska ilia lr ms<sfh, lr ÿka njg wo;a tys

olskakg we;s Ñ;% j, kIagdjfYaI j,skao meyeÈ,s fjhs'

;s%msglfha §> ksldfha i|yka ilal m[a[y iQ;%h

f.!;u nqÿmshdKka tod foaYkd lf<a fuu bkaoid, .=ydfõ

jevjdih lrk wjia:dfõ§h' ta nj ;s%msglfhau meyeÈ,sju

i|yka lr we;' uydpd¾h mrKú;dk uy;do fuu ia:dkh

bkaoid, .=ydj f,iska y÷kdf.k ta nj m%ldY lr we;'

ilaliai foajdkñkao kï jQ pl%j¾;s rc mrmqfrka mej; wd

fõfoay kqjr úiq rc flfkl=g" tkï —foajhka jykafia˜ hehs

uyckhd tod wduka;%Kh l< fy<Èj mer‚ pl%j¾;s rc

mrmqfrka mej; wd rfcl=g" fï ilal m[a[y iq;%h f.!;u

nqÿ mshdKka jykafia fuu bkaoid, .=ydfõ§ foaYkd lr jod<

fial' mks; kñka jQ pl%j¾;s rc mrmqrgu wh;a rc

flfkl=g;a fuu bkaoid, .=ydfõ§u mks; iq;%h foaYkd l<

kuq;a th wo ;s%msglfha olakg ke;' ilaliai foajd kñkao

ilafoúhka f,iska miqj ye|skaúh'

fuu rcuy úydr N+ñh ;=< wog;a i,a.ia oel.kakg

we;s w;r jir 3000 lg;a jvd mer‚ úfYaIs; i,a.ila tys

wog;a olakg we;' fï i,a.i uq,§ f.!;u isoaOd¾:

l=udrhdf.a Wm; isÿ úh' tod ta m%foaYfha rclï l< ilaliai

rc mrmqf¾ rcorejka isÿy;a Wm; isysm;a lrkakg úfYaI

úydrhla lrjd Bg je÷ï msÿï l< njo b;du meyeÈ,sj

olskakg we;' f.!;u nqÿmshdKka jykafiaf.au nqÿ md myi

,enq nqÿ isßm;=,lao fuu úydr N+ñfhau úydrhl ;ekam;a lr

tod rc orejka yd uyck;dj je÷ï msÿï lr.;a nj olajk

- 53 -


Ñ;% igykla wog;a fuu nUr., rc uyd úydrfhau we;s

mer‚ fmd;l olakg we;'

uykqjr rdcOdks ld,h f;lau fï úydrh wguia:dk

w;ßka tlla f,iska fy<Èj jeishka jeomqod.;a nj;a fmkajd

Èh hq;= lreKls' tod msß;a fmdf;a i|yka wguia:dkhka w;ßka

is¿ñ‚ iEh hkqfjka i|yka l< ia:dkh fuhhs' fuys w;S;fha

fujeks iEhla ;sî miqlf,l úkdY ù .sh njo fmfkkakg

we;'

fï ia:dkhg hk ud¾.h yd ta ms<sn|j jeä uk;a

f;dr;=re m<uqjk fmdf;ao úia;r jYfhka igyka lr we;s

ksid tho lshjd n,kak'

¸¸¸' m<uq O¾u foaYkdj meje;a jQ bism;fka ñ.odh

wkqrdOmqr Èia;%slalfha ueojÉÑhg wdikakj msysgd we;s

biska neiai., rcuyd úydrh kñka wo m%isoaêhg m;aj

we;af;a tod oïila mej;=ï iq;%h foaYkd l< W;=ï mqoìuhs'

f.!;u nqÿmshdKkaf.a Ôjudk ld,fhau fuu ia:dkh

bism;kdrduh f,iska fy<ìu fn!oaOhska w;f¾ m%isoaO úh'

wguia:dk w;ßka fï ia:dkho jir wg ishhla muK §¾>

ld,hla ;=<u w;S; fn!oaO rcorejkaf.a yd uyck;djf.a

f.!rjhg yd jkaokdudk j,g fhdod.kakd ,§'

fuu .,a;,dj t;rï Wi ke;;a ,laI .Kklg tljr

/ia úh yels ia:dkhls' miaj. uyKqka tod Ndjkdkqfhda.Sj

jevisáfha fuu .,a m¾j;fhau kef.kysr nEjqfï msysgd we;s

wry;a .=ydj kñka wog;a y÷kajk iajdNdúlj msysgd we;s .,a

.=ydfõh' ljodj;au c,h fkdisf|k ,s|lao tys msysgd we;'

- 54 -


- 55 -

wry;a .=ydjg kef.kysr foiska uyd wreu mqÿu kq. hdhla

jeks úYd, m%foaYhl me;sreKq kq. .ils' kq. .ig Tífnka

wlalr 100l muK m%foaYhla mqrd me;sreKq uqj jkhls' fï uqj

jkhg wo;a uqjka fudkreka wd§ i;=ka meñfKkq oel .;

yelsfjhs' fuh iajdNdúl oiqkls'

tod f.!;u nqÿmshdKka m<uqjk O¾u foaYkdj meje;a

jQ fï m%foaYfha md,lhdj isáfha id;d.sr kï hlaI f.da;s%l

rcqhs' fyauj; hkq id;d.sr rcqf.a ñ;% rfcls' fï m%foaYh tod

liS rgg wh;aj ;snq njo fmkajd Èh hq;=hs'

id;d.sr m%dfoaYSh rcq úiska fuys úYd, .,a ;,dj ueo

tkï tod f.!;u nqÿmshdKka m<uqjk O¾u foaYkdj meje;ajq

ia:dkfhau l=vd od.enla ;kjd ;ukaf.a je÷ï msÿï i|yd

fhdod .kakd ,§' miq l,l§ ysßjvqkak ch isß uy fnda iñ÷ka

f.ka fnda wxl=rhla f.kajd f.k tys frdamKh l< w;r wog;a

ta w;s mer‚ fndaëka jykafia je| mqod .kakg yels whqßkau

tys /lS wdrlaId ù mj;S' fï wdikak ld,hl§u f.!;u nqÿ

mshdKkaf.a nqÿ md myi ,enQ nqÿ isß m;=,a hq.,hlao fuu

ia:dkfhys ;ekam;a lr úydrhla lrjd jkaokd udk lsÍu

i|yd fhdod.;a w;r fuu ia:dkho wguia:dk j,ska tlla

njg tod m%isoaO úh' bism;kdrduh f,iska msß;a fmdf;a úydr

wiafkys fuh kï lr we;'

khsfmk iys; kd.rEm flgq .,a mqjrejlao fï

ia:dkfhau ;ekam;a lr we;af;a kd. f.da;%fha rc jrekao fuu

ia:dkh je|mqod .;a njg idlaIshla jYfhks'

nqoaO;ajhg m;a jq f.!;uhka jykafiaf.a m<uqjk O¾u

foaYkdj wid fï nqoaO idikfha ìys jq m<uqjk ix>hd

jykafia;a" m<uq Y%djlhska jykafia,d yeg kul=;a ìysjqfhao


fuu W;=ï ia:dkfha§h' fï ksid fï nqoaO idikfha wdrïNh isÿ

jqfha fï mqkH N+ñfha§h' miql,l fy<ìu rc isgqjre yd

uyckhd fï W;=ï ia:dkho wguia:dk j,ska tlla fia §¾>

ld,hla ;=< je÷ï msÿï lr.;ay'

¸¹' f.!;u nqÿmshdKkaf.a msßksùu isÿ jq l=iskdrduh

r;akmqr Èia;s%lalfha n,kaf.dvg kqÿre l,af;dg

m%dfoaYSh f,alï n, m%foaYhg wh;a j,fõ .x.dOdrfha Wv

fldgfia msysá b;du ruŒh N+ñ Nd.hls ̂ nqÿ.,&' l=iskdrduh"

tod u,a,j rcorejka fï m%foaYfha rclï lrk hq.fha§

f.!;u nqÿ mshdKka jykafia msßksù jodf<a wo nqÿ., kñkq;a"

tod l=iskdrd kqjr kñkq;a" m%isoaO jQ fuu l=vd k.rfha§h'

nqÿ.,g kqÿfrka msysá wo rcjl kñka y÷kajk

m%foaYfha tod u,a,j rcorejkaf.a rdcOdksfha w.kqjr

msysáfhah' weô,smsáfha isg j,j .x;Srfha Wvyg msysá ire

idrj;a m%foaYhla tod u,a,j rgg wh;a m%foaY f,iska ie,ls‚'

uyd mßksíndk iq;%fha i|yka jk mdGhka isysm;a

lrjk mßirhla nqÿ., l=iskdrd kqjr§ wog;a tys .sh

flfkl=g oel.; yelsh' fï l=iskdrdj ÿ¾.hkao iys; l=vd

kqjrls' fï kqjr msßksjka mdkafka ke;sj rc.ykqjr" pïmd

kqjr" Y%djia;s kqjr fyda fjk;a m%Odk k.rhl msßksjka

mdkakg wdkkao ysñhka f.!;u nqÿ mshdKkag wdrdOkd l<;a

th fkdms<sf.k f.!;uhka jykafia tys§u msßksjka md jod<

fial'

fï wdldrfhka u,a, rcqf.a Wmj¾;k kï i,a Whfka§

msßksjka md jod< nqÿ mshdKka jykafiaf.a foayh wdodykh

lsÍug ilia lrk ,o wdodykd.drh wog;a tys§ oel.;

- 56 -


yelsh' nqÿ., úydria:dkhg wdikakju msysá bvfï tkï

mqrdúoHd wdrlaIs; ìfï§ wo fuh oel.; yelsh'

u,a,j rcqkag ,enqKq oka; Od;+ka jykafia we;=¿

wksl=;a Od;=ka jykafia,d ;ekam;a lr je|mqod .kakg oka;

Od;= ukaÈrhla uq,skau fy<ìu bÈlf<ao fuu u,a,rg l=iskdrd

kqjrh' wog;a fuu o<od ud,s.dfõ kgUqkao tys§ oel.kakg

we;' ysßjvqkak isßuy fnda iñ÷ka f.ka ,nd.;a fndaê

wxl=rhla o fï wi,u ia:dkhl tod frdamkh lrjd mxpjdi

kñka ia:Qm myla o tys bÈlrjd je÷ï msÿï lrkakg mgka

.kakd ,§' ta wkqj fuho wguia:dk j,ska tlla njg m;aúh'

f.!;u nqÿmshdKka msßksjka md jod< lgdrï flgq tu

.,a f,fkys f.!;u nqÿmshdKka f.a mdo iam¾Yh ,enq nqÿ

isßm;=,lao ;ekam;a lr thg jkaokd udk lsÍulao ta hq.fha§u

wdrïN úh' fï wkqj fï fy<ìfï wguia:dkhka w;rg

l=iskdrdkqjro we;=<;a úh' u,a, rc mrmqf¾ wka;su

iudðlhska jq oka; l=ure yd fyauud,d l=ußh o<od jykafia

wdrlaId lrf.k mqo mQcd mj;ajkakg ;rï ;ukag yelshdjla

fyda Yla;shla fkdjq ksid;a" fï jk úg wkqrmqr rdcOdksh ÈhqKq

ù n,j;a rcjreka hgf;a md,kh jQ ksid;a oka;Od;=ka jykafia

fydr ryfiau l=iskdrd kqjr isg wkqrdOmqrhg jvïujdf.k

ú;a tjlg wkqrmqr rcl< ls;aisß fujka rcqg Ndr ÿkay'

wkqrmqr rdcOdksfha tf;la ld,hla ;=< oka; Od;=ka jykafia,d

je| mqod.;a njla b;sydifha ,sheù ke;'

fï wkqj ls;aisß fujka rcq oji jk úg wkqrdOmqrh

wx. iïmQ¾K fn!oaO w.k.rh njg m;aúh' ch › uy fndaê

wxl=rh" nqÿ isßm;=<" isß o<od jykafia yd ish¨ fy< wgqjd

fmd;a o fï jk úg reyqfKa isg wkqrdOmqrhg /f.k ú;a

- 57 -


wkqrdOmqr k.rfha ;ekam;a lr ;snq‚' ta ls%'j' 303 muK jk

úg§h'

¹' ieje;akqjr fÊ;jkdrduh

wkqrdOmqr Èia;s%lalfha ßá., kñka wo y÷kajk l÷

j,ska jg jQ m%foaYh mqrd me;sreKq ft;sydisl mqrdjia;+ka yuq jQ

m%foaYh tod ieje;a kqjr fÊ;jkdrduh hkqfjka ye|skajq

wguia:dkhkaf.ka tlls'

nqoaO;ajhg m;a jQ f.!;u nqÿmshdKka jykafia ;u uq,a

ld,h .; lf<a rc.y kqjr fõ¨jkdrduh wdY%h lrf.kh'

wfkams~q isgq;=ud úiska w,xldr f,i;a" uyd Okhla jeh lrñka

ßá., lkafoa kd jkh ;=< fÊ;jkdrduh bÈlr ÿka miqj

wjidk jir 20 la muKu f.!;u nqÿmshdKka Ôj;a jqfha;a"

O¾uh foaYkd lf<a;a fuu ßá., fÊ;jkdrduh uq,ia:dkh

lr .ksñkah'

fldfid,a rdcHh kñka tod fy<ìu foajfy<hg wh;a jQ

m%Odk;u rdcHfha w.kqjr jqfhao ieje;a kqjrhs' ßá.,g

kef.kysßka jQ wo uyjkhla iys; jQ m%foaYfha tod fldfid,a

rfÜ w.kqjr jk ieje;a kqjr msysáfhah' fï m%foaYh miq.sh

jir 1000 lg;a jeä ld,hlau uy jkfhka jeiS jk.;j

mj;sk ksid iej;a kqjr o b;sydifhkau uelS hkakg we;'

f.!;u nqÿ mshdKka jykafia Ôjudkju jevisá

hq.fha§u' ieje;akqjr fÊ;jkdrdu N+ñfha uÕM, ,dNS

NslaIqka jykafia,d oyia .Kkla jdih l< nj wog;a tys

olskakg we;s kgUqka j,ska ukd fia meyeÈ,s fjhs' iqo;a;

isgq;=ud úiska lrjk ,o fuu iqúfYaIs mQcdN+ñfha úfYaI;ajh

- 58 -


jkafka tys ish¨ bÈl< úydr wdrdu ;ks l¨.,a j,ska ksu

lsÍuhs'

fï hq.hg wh;a jk f.dvke.s,s ,xldfõ fy<ìu iEu

m%foaYhlskau oekg fidhdf.k we;s w;r fï ish¨u ;ekaj,§

olskakg we;af;a tlu ;dlaIKhla Wmfhda.S fldg f.k l¨

.f,kau ksu jQ w;súYsIaG ks¾udKhka tod fï fy<ìu mqrd úisÍ

;snqKq wdldrhhs' ßá., chfiak hkqfjka w;S;fha úiq flfkl=

ms<sn|j ßá., b;sydi l:dfõ ljqre;a i|yka lr;s' fï

ßá., chfiak hkq tod iqo;a; isgq;=udg fÊ;jkdrduh

ks¾udKh lrkakg w;ys; ÿka m%Odk ;dlaIK Ys,amshdh' wog;a

ßá., me/kafkda chfiak hk ku isysm;a lrkafka

f.!rjfhks'

f.!;u nqÿmshdKkag iqo;a; isgq;=ud fÊ;jkdrduh

idojd mQcd l< wdldrhgu tjlg ieje;a kqjr úiq ;j;a

uyOk isgqjrfhla hfYdaOrd wry;a f;r‚hgo tjkau jQ

úYañ; wdrduhla idojd mQcd flf<ah' ta ßá., lkaog ngysßka

msysá —udkEj lkao˜ kñka wo y÷kajk ia:dkfhah' fuu lkao

tod —fufy‚ wdrdu lkao˜ hk kñka m%isoaO ù ;snq‚' ßá.,g

wdikakfhau msysá urokalvj, k.rhg ls'óg¾ 1 la muK

ÿßka msysgd we;s udkEj lkafoa o ßá., bÈl< úydr wdrdu

wx.hka yels;dla ÿrg ta wdldrfhkau ;kjd ilia lr mQcd

lrkakg W;aidy f.k we;s njo fmfkkakg we;' c,h /ia

l< úYd, fmdl=Kq" .,af,ka" úydr wdrdu yd Bg wod< fjk;a

myiqlï fukau fufyKska jykafia,d 500 lg muK ,e.=ï

.kakg wjYH l=áo fuys wog;a olskakg we;' fï ish,a,u

ßá., fukau ;ks l¨.,skau ksujd ;sîu úfYaI jQ ,laIKhls'

fï ia:dk folu tlu hq.hl tlu ;dlaIKfhka ksu l< nj;a

meyeÈ,sh'

- 59 -


ßá., kñka wo m%isoaOj we;s fÊ;jkdrduh hkqfjka

;s%msglfha" msß;a fmdf;a yd uydjxYfhao kï lr we;s fuu

ft;sydisl mQcd N+ñh tod wkqrdOmqr hq.hg fmr hq.fha§

fn!oaOhska jkaokd udk lr.;a wguia:dkj,skao tlla úh'

f.!;u nqÿkaf.au wkqoekqu u; ysßjvqkak ch isß uy fnda

iñ÷kaf.ka ,nd.;a fndaê wxl=rhla fuys frdamKh lr thg

wdkkao fndaêh hkqfjka kï lr ta wi<u nqÿ isß m;=,a

hq.,hlao msysgqjd tod je÷ï msÿï lr.;a nj b;sydifhka

meyeÈ,s fjhs' wdkkao fndaêh frdamKh lr ;snqfKa oekg

ßá., mqrdúoHd jevìu f,iska y÷kdf.k we;s f.!;u

nqÿmshdKka Wfoid ms<sfh< lr ÿka .|ls<shg W;=re foiska jq

kd jkfhah' wo fï fndaëka jykafia fmfkkakg ke;af;a th

uy jkhg hg ù wNdjhg .sh ksidh' ßá., lkao jgdu msysá

l÷jeá wdYs%;j ;j;a mQcd N+ñ 8lao tod fuys mej;s nj

b;sydifha i|ykah'

¹¸' rc.ykqjr - fõ¨jkdrduh

rc.ykqjr fõ¨jkdrduh tod msysgd ;snqfKa wo wïmdr

Èia;s%lalhg wh;a" wïmdr uyTh mdf¾ rc., mqrd úoHd kgUqka

kñka wo i|yka lrk úYd, ìï m%foaYhlh' fï ñys;,h u;

fï nqoaO l,amhg wh;a jQ úYd,;u fn!oaO Wreuh msysgd

;snqfKa fu;ekh' ta wïmdf¾ rc.,h' wlalr 1600 lg;a jeä

N+ñ m%foaYhla mqrd me;sß mej;s úydr" wdrdu" od.eí" jeõ" jk

Whka" msßfjka" úoHdh;k" fnfy;a Yd,d" odk Yd,d we;=¿

ish¨ wx.hkaf.ka iukaú; jQ rc.ykqjr fõ¨jkdrduh tod

fn!oaO f,dalhdf.a m<uqjeks mQckSh ia:dkh njgo m;aù

;sì‚' wiquy Y%djlhska jykafia,df.ka jeä fofkl=u meúÈ ù

- 60 -


- 61 -

;u b;sß Ôú; ld,h f.jqfha fuu rc., jk Whk uq,ia:dkh

lrf.kh' w.ijq ießhq;a" uq.,ka hk wry;=ka jykafia,d

foku;a uy m%d{hka jykafia flfkl= jQ uyd lÉpdhk

wry;=ka jykafia;a ;u Ôú;fha jeäu ld,hla .; lr

msßksjka md jodf<a rc., msysá fuu ia:dkfha§h'

f.!;u nqÿmshdKka nqoaO;ajhg m;a ù m<uq jk ji

bism;kdrdufha ^ueojÉÑh wi,& jev jdih l< nj;a bka

miqj t<UqKq jir 25 la muKu È.= ld,hla ;=<u jßka jr

rc.y kqjr fõ¨jkdrdufha jev úiq njo ;s%msglfhau

i|ykah'

ìïìidr rcq úiska md,kh l< u.O rdcH tod msysgd

;snqfKa fuu m%foaYfhah' wïmdr Èia;%slalh" fudkrd.,

Èia;s%lalfha" ìì," ueo.u wd§ úYd, m%foaYhla" nÿ,a,

Èia;s%lalfha úYd, m%foaYhl=;a tod u.O rdcHhg wh;a úh'

u.O rg rclï l< ìïìidr rcq tod rc.ykqjr

fõ¨jkdrduh idojd f.!;u nqÿmshdKkag w; mekaj;a lr mQcd

l< nj i|yka ù we;af;a fï fy<ìfï §u ,shQ ;s%msglfhah'

fuh fï fy<ìu ;=<§u isÿ jq isoaêhla ñi bkaÈhdfõ§ isÿ

jqjla fkdfõ' wkqrdOmqrfha rdcOdkshla wdrïN lrkakg fmr;a

jir oyia .Kkla mqrdu fï fy<ìfï ÈhqKqu rdcHhlaj

mej;sfha fï u.O rdcHhs' bkaÈhdjg ÿßka msysgd ;snq ksid;a"

iajNdúlju l÷ j,,a,lska yd uvl,mqfõ l,mq j,ska jg jQ

ksid;a u.O rdcHhg ndysr wdl%uK fyda fjk;a ndysr

ixialD;sl n,mEï fyda we;s fkdùh' fï ksid ldYHm nqoaO

Ydikh mej;s hq.fha§ mgkau O¾u;djfhkau ud.ë NdIdj

/lS /|S mej;sfha fuu u.O foaYfhah' rc., msysá

fõ¨jkdrduh wo j,aìys ù le<hg hg ù mej;=K;a tod fuys

mej;s › úN+;sh úoydmdkakg ;rï iu;a mqrd úoHd kgUqka


- 62 -

,laI .Kkla wog;a tys b;sßj we;'

wfYdal rcq tod bkaÈhdfõ rc mrïmrdj, idudðlhska

fidhd iuQ, >d;kh l< wjia:dfõ ñys÷ l=udrhd iy

fidfydhqßhka ;=kafokd fï fy<ìug mekú;a ;u Èú fírd

.kakg ieÕj .;af;a u.O rdcHfha rc.ykqjrh' ta wo

wïmdf¾ rc.,h' tod fï mqkHN+ñh b;du;au wdrlaIs;

ia:dkhlaj mej;s njg;a fï fyd|u idlaIshls' ñys÷ l=ure

ix>ñ;a;d l=ußh yd iqukd" iqkkaod l=ußhkao rc.ykqjrg

meñK fy< ni bf.k f.k" u.O ni bf.k f.k" nqoaO

O¾uh bf.k .;af;ao rc., fõ¨jkdrdufha msysá fn!oaO

úoHdh;kfhkah' f.!;u nqÿkaf.a msßksùfuka jir 280 lg

muK miqj;a fï fn!oaO úoHdia:dkh ;=< uÕM, ,dNS wry;=ka

jykafia,d ish oyia .Kkla jdih l< nj fuhska fudkjg

Tmamq fjhs'

rc.ykqjr§ O¾uh bf.k f.k uyK ù" uÕM, ,enQ

ñys÷ uy wry;=ka jykafia bkaÈhdfõ rc mjq,lg wh;ah'

wfYdal rcqf.ao <Õu kEoEfhls' kuq;a wfYdal rcqf.a mq;%fhl=

kï fkdjk nj bka§h b;sydi{ nIdï ;=udo meyeÈ,sju

m%ldY lrhs'

ñys÷ ysñhka wkqrdOmqr msysá ,xldmqr rdcOdkshg nqÿ

oyu y÷kajd fokakg tys meñ‚fha wïmdf¾ rc.ykqjr jdih

l< ld,fha§h' tkï rc., isg wkqrdOmqrhgh' l,flda,dy,"

hqoìh yd wjq,a úhjq,a iys;j mej;s W;=re bkaÈhdfõ fï hq.h

jk;=rdjg;a nqoaO Y%djlfhla oel.kakg j;a fkdùh' wfYdal

rc;=udo m<uq jrgu nqoaO Y%djlfhl= oel .;af;a ld,sx.

hqoaOh wjika ùfuka miqj ldfõÍ kÈh wi,§h' ldfõß kÈh

f;la ol=Kq bkaÈh m%foaYj,g;a fï jk úg fy<ìfï n,mEu

wkqj nqoaO O¾uh jHdma; ù ;sì‚' biskaneiai.,§ meje;a jQ


- 63 -

O¾u pl% n,h ldfõß kÈ udhsï fldg .;a m%foaYh f;lau

n,meje;a jq ksid ldfõß kÈh f;lau bka§h m%foaY j,o nqoaO

Y%djlhska jykafia,d fï hq.h jk úg;a jev isáhy'

wfYdal rcq hqoaOh w;ayer oud nqÿ oyu je<|.;a miqj

ñys÷ ysñhkao bkaÈhdjg .sh nj;a i;Hhls' kuq;a ñys÷ ysñhka

fï fy<ìug h<s wdmiq meñK ;uka uyK jQ rc.ykqjru ;u

b;sß Ôú; ld,ho f.jd tys§ msßksjka md jod< nj;a" ñys÷

ysñhkaf.a NiaudjfYaI ;ekam;a lf<a wïmdf¾ rc., nj;a tys

we;s fi,a,sms u.skao Tmamq ù we;' rc., mqrdúoHd jev ìfï

oekg fidhd f.k we;s fi,a,sms 48 la w;ßka" msysá .,lu

fldgd we;s tla fi,a ,smshl ñys÷ ysñhkaf.a NIaudjfYaI fuu

ia:dkfha ;ekam;a l< nj meyeÈ,sju i|yka lr we;' msysá

.,l flgq fï fi,a ,smsh wi, u oekg ksoka fydreka ydrd

úkdY l< ffp;Hhl kgUqkao wog;a olskakg we;s w;r ta

ffp;Hh ñys÷ uy iEh njg;a ;yjqre lrf.k we;'

W;=ï nqoaO O¾uh tod fy< niska ,sheù ;snqKq fy<

wgqjd ,Sfõ;a fy< wgqjd fmd;a tod ;ekam;a lr ;snqfKa;a

rc., msysgd ;snq fõ¿jkdrdu mqo ìfï fn!oaO úoHdia:dkfhah'

fuu fy< wgqjd fmd;a ,shd ;snqfKa mer‚ fy< nisks' fïjd

,shqfõ ;s%msglh ,shd ;nkakg;a jir ish .Kklg fmr

hq.l§h' f.!;u nqÿmshdKka Ôj;aj isá hq.fha§u nqÿ le,s

wgqjdj kue;s fy< wgqjdj ,shd ;sì‚' uyd m%d{ uyd lÉpdhk

wry;=ka jykafiaf.a uq,sl;ajfhka ,shejqKq nqÿ le,s wgqjdj

ñys÷ ysñhka wkqrdOmqrhg tk úg /f.k wd nj uydjxYfhao

i|yka fjhs'

ix>ñ;a;d fufy‚ka jykafia meúÈ jqfhao rc.,

fõ¨jkdrdu mqoìu wi,u msysgd ;snq fufy‚ wdrduhl§h'


iqukd" iqkkaod hk fofidfydhqßhkao miq l,l tys§u uyK

jqj;a miqj isjqre yer fndaê.=ma; kï l=ure iuÕ újdy jQ nj;a

fndaê jxYfha i|yka fjhs' ix>ñ;a;d fufy‚ka jykafia

ysßjvqkak ch isß uy fnda iñ÷kaf.a fnda wxl=rhla wkqrdO

mqrhg fmryßka jvïujdf.k hkakg .uka wdrïN lf<ao"

rc., wïmdf¾ fõ¨jkdrdufhks' ysßjvqkak msysáfha rc.,

yd wkqrdOmqrh w;r ueo ia:dkhlh'

f.!;u nqÿmshdKka jykafia msßksjka mdkakg fmr§u

ießhq;a uq.,ka wd§ wiquy Y%djlhska jykafia,d w;ßka lsysm

kulau msßksjka md jod<y' f.!;u nqÿmshdKkaf.a Wmfoia

j,g wkqj msßksjka md jod< wry;=ka jykafiafi,df.a Od;=ka

;ekam;a lsÍu i|yd rc., rc.ykqjr fõ¨jkdrdu N+ñfha

ffp;Hhka bÈlr ta Od;=ka jykafia,d tod tys ;ekam;a lrk

,§' rc., mqrd úoHd jev ìfï§ fujka ffp;Hhka oyhlg

jeä .Kkla oekgu;a fidhdf.k we;' fï ish¨ ffp;Hhka

wo jk úg ksoka fidreka úiska ydrd úkdY lroud we;' Bg

fya;=j fï Od;=ka jykafia,d tod ;ekam;a lr ;enqfõ r;arka

lr~qj,ùuh' r;arka fidrd .ekSug ksoka fydreka úiska

ffp;Hhka ydrd úkdY lr we;'

wksl=;a wguia:dk j,o msysgqjd ;snQ" wdldrfhkau

f.!;u nqÿmshdKka jykafiaf.au nqÿ md myi ,enQ nqÿ isßm;=,a

hq.,lau rc.ykqjro ̂ rc.,& ;ekam;a lr úydrhla lrjd th

jkaokd udk lr.kakg tod fn!oaOhd mqreÿj isáhy' wog;a

fuu nqÿ isßm;=,a hq.,h rc., mqrdúoHd jevìfï ;ekam;a lr

we;' fuu isßm;=,a hq.,hka wkqrdOmqr fl!;=ld.drfha

rejkaje,s uy iE i,m;, u¿fõ iy biska neiai., hk

ia:dkj, ;ekam;a lr we;s isßm;=,a yd iuÕo iiod n,d


- 64 -

tajdfha tl iudk jQ ,laIK oek y÷kd.; yelsh' ysßjvqkak

msysá chisß uy fnda iñ÷f.ka ,nd.;a isß ud fnda wxl=rhla

rc.y kqjro frdamKh lr tod u.O rg rc isgqjre yd

uyckhdo je÷ï lr.kakg ta w;S;fha§ mqreÿj isáhy' wo

oeä jk.ykhg hg jQ rc., uyjkfha fld;ekl fyda wog;a

fï fndaëka jykafia Ôjudkju we;s nj fmkajd Èh hq;=h'

rc.ykqjr msysá úydr wdrdu 28 lu u.M, ,dNS

NslaIqka yd NslaIqŒka o tod jev isá nj uyd mßksíndk iQ;%fha

meyeÈ,sju igyka ù we;' uydmßksíndk iQ;%fha oelafjk

mßÈ f.!;u nqÿmshdKka rc.y kqjßka msg;a ù l=iskdrd kqjr§

msßksjka mdkakg hk wjika .uk wdrïN lrkakg fmr rc.,

úydr wdrdu 28 l jev isá ish¨u NslaIqka yd ix>hd /ialr ta

nj oekqï § l=iskdrd .uk wdrïN l< nj ;s%msglfha i|yka

fõ'

,xldfõ§ - fy< ìfï§ - tod ,shq ;s%msglfha fukau

,xldfõ§u ,shQ uydjxYfhao ^3 jk mßÉfþoh& ,shd ;enQ

úfYaI ldrKhla ms<sn|jo wfma wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;=h'

tu l:d mqj; kï m<uqjeks O¾u ix.dhkdj meje;aùu

ms<sn|jhs' f.!;u nqÿmshdKkaf.a msßksùfuka udi ;=kla .; jQ

wjia:dfõ§ rc.y kqjr§ m<uqjk O¾u ix.dhkdj meje;a jQ

nj uydjxYfha i|ykah' uydjxYfha fï nj fufia ,shd

;enqfõ th fï fy< ìfïu b;sydih ksidhs' bkaÈhdfõ§ isÿ jQ

fohla uydjxYfha ,shd ;nd ke;' fuh fyd| isysfhka uOHia:

ukilska l,amkd lrkafkl=g ukdj wjfndaO lr.; yelsh'

fujka O¾u ix.dhkdjla tod bkaÈhdfõ§ isÿ ù kï

bkaÈhdfõ§ ,shq fmd;aj, fyda f,aLk j, ñi tod ,xldfõ§ ,shq

fmd; mf;a fïjd fufia i|yka jkakg fya;=jla ke;'

- 65 -


m<uqjk O¾u ix.dhkdj meje;aùug wcdi;a; rcq

rc.ykqjr fõ¨jkdrdu N+ñfha idod ilia lr ÿka ima;m¾‚

.,a .=ydj wog;a rc., mqrdúoHd N+ñfha§ ldg;a oel.kakg

we;' tu m%Odk .=ydj yd ta jgd we;s .=yd yhl 500la wry;=ka

jykafia,d tod meje;a jQ m<uq O¾u ix.dhkdjg iyNd.Sùu

i|yd jev isá nj uydjxYfha;a ;s%msglfha;a i|yka fõ'

rc., .,a .=yd ueo msysá l=v., hkqfjka wo y÷kajk l=vhl

yevh .;a .,a.=ydj wog;a rc.,§ oel.kakg we;s úiañ;

ks¾udKhls' rc.,g hk ́ kEu flfkl=g wog;a fï ima;m¾‚

.=ydj ;u oEiskau oeln,df.k uydjxYfha igyka jk

úia;rho lshjd i;Hh jgyd .; yels jkq we;' tod

,xldfõ§u ,shq uydjxYfha fufia i|yka jk fï ish¨u lreKq

,shd oelajqfha tod fï fy< ìfï§u isÿ jQ isoaëkau iïnkaO

lrf.kh' fï fy<Èj§ isÿ jq fujka i;H isoaëka bkaÈhdjg

mjrd fokakg wo;a ls%hd lrkafka mru ñÉPd oDIaÀlhskah'

rc., mqrdúoHd N+ñfha kefÕkysr udhsfï msysá wlalr 500la

;rï úYd, .,am¾j;hla wog;a tys hk ́ kEu flfkl=g oel

n,d .; yelsh' mshx., wdr[a[ fiakdikh msgqmi we;s fï

úYd, .,a mõj ;s%msglfha i|yka jk .sÊcl+g m¾j;hhs' fï

.sÊcl+g m¾j;h jgdu tys mduq, lgdrï flgq .,af,ka úYd,

ixLHdjla wog;a oel.; yelsh' rc.ykqjr fõ¨jkdrdu

udhsfïu fuu .sÊcl+g m¾j;h msysgd we;s nj ;s%msglfha

i|yka fjhs' ;s%msglfha .sÊcl+g m¾j;h ms<sn|j yd

rc.ykqjr ms<sn|j i|yka l< ish¨ lreKq wog;a tys hk

´kEu flfkl=g iy;sl fldg ;u oEiskau oel n,d .; yelsh'

.sÊcl+g m¾j;h md uq, we;s iS; jkh kñka wo;a

y÷kajk ;eklska mdkh i|yd iqÿiq b;du msßisÿ c,h

fkdlvjdu W,am;lska .,df.k tk nj wog;a oel.; yelshs'


- 66 -

fï msßisÿ mdkSh c,h tod tys jdih l< NslaIqka jykafia,d f.a

mßyrKh ms‚i .nvd lr /ialr .kakg ta hq.fha§u ilia

l< w;súYd, m%udKfha ;ks l¨ .,ska fk¨ md;%hl yevh .;a

c, gexls wog;a fuu fõ¨jkdrdu N+ñfha§ oel .; yelsh' fï

wdldrhg ilia l< l¨.,a md;%fha c,h .e¨ï ishhla j;a

.nvd lrkakg yels njo fmkajd Èh hq;=hs'

mqrdúoHd fomd¾;fïka;=jgj;a ksjerÈ f,iska ld,

ks¾Kh lrkakg fkdyels jQ ;rï mer‚" wkqrdOmqr hq.hg;a

fmr hq.hl Ndú;d l< fy< wlaIr j,ska ,shq fi,a,sms 28 la

muK oekgu;a fuu rc., mqrdúoHd jevìfuka fidhdf.k

we;' fïjdfha i|yka jk wl=re wkqrdOmqr hq.hg fmr hq.fha§

Ndú;d l< fy< wlaIr nj úoaj;=kaf.a u;hhs'

wkqrdOmqr hq.hg fmr u.O rdcH hq.fha§" tkï

f.!;u nqÿmshdKka Ôjudkj jevisá hq.fha§ bÈlrK ,o

rc.ykqjr f.dvke.s,s ^fuu mqrdúoHd kgUqka& bÈlr"

ks¾udKh lr we;af;a ishhg ishhlau ;ks l¨.,a j,sks'

f.!;u nqÿmshdKka Ôj;a jQ ta w;S; hq.fha§ fï fy<ìfï

bÈl< ishü mqckSh ia:dkhka ys moku bÈlr we;af;a ;ks l¨

.f,ks' nqÿ.," ßá.," ysßjvqkak" ;sßhdh" ukEj lkao"

biskaneiai.," ud,s.dú, wd§ ishü ia:dk j,§o wmg wog;a

oel .; yelafla rc.,§o oel.; yels wdldr jQ tlu rgdjl

ks¾udKhkah' tajd .fvd,ska lr jQ ks¾udK kï fkdfõ'

bkaÈhdfõ bÈl< ishü wdlD;s f.dvkexjqfha .fvd,a j,sks'

tod fy<ìu f.dvkexjQ ishü mQckSh ia:dkj, moku ;ks

l¨.f,kau f.dvk.d we;s nj fmkajd Èh hq;=h'

miq l,l§ ck Y=kH ;;ajhg m;a jQ rc., mqrdjia;= wo

jk úg ksoka fydreka úiska ydrd jákd rkarejka fidrdf.k

- 67 -


f.dia we;' fï rc., mqrdúoHd mqoìu bkaÈhdkq wdl%uK j,ska

lsisod úkdY fkdùh' mD;=.siSka" ,kafoaiska fyda bx.S%iskao fïjd

úkdY lf<a ke;' fldäßx.agka" tÉ'iS'mS'fn,a jeks w;S;

mqrdúoHd{hska o fïjd .ek f;dr;=re oek isáfha ke;'

uypd¾h mrKú;dk uy;dgo wlalr 1600 la muK úYd, jQ

rc.y kqjr kgUqka ish,a,u oel.kakg fkd,eì‚'

wïmdr Èia;s%lalfha msysá ;ju;a ckdjdi fkdjq rc.,"

ks,a.," nqoaOx.," iuka.," mshka., yd kqjr., hk

l÷j,,a,lska jg jQ fï úYd, N+ñ Nd.h tod u.O rdcHfha

w.kqjr jQ rc.ykqjrh' f.!;u nqÿmshdKkag mQcd l<

fõ¨kdrduh yd ta wdYs%; úydr wdrdu 28 la msysá m%foaYh nj

oeka iy;sl lr fmkajd Èh yelsh' reyqfKa yd kefÕkysr uq,a

fy< rdcOdks úkdY ù .sh miqjo wkqrdOmqr k.rh w. k.rh

njg m;a jQ hq.hl§ fï rc., m%foaYho l%ufhka j,aìys ù

f.dia u.O rdcOdksh" ,sÉPú rdcOdksh yd jÊð rdcOdksho

YdlH rdcOdksho hk ish,a,u uyjkfhka hg ù f;dr;=rla

mjd oek.kakgu fkdyels wdldrhgu hgm;a ù wNdjhgu .sh

njo fmkajd Èh hq;=h'

uydjxYfha yd ;s%msglfha fï ia:dk .ek meyeÈ,s

úia;r ,shd ;enqj;a miq lf,l fmd; m; ,shq úoaj;=kag fï

ms<sn|j is;d.kakg fyda l%uhla ke;s jQ ksid;a" bkaÈhdfõ

wfYdal rcq bÈl< wdlD;s ia:dk .ek uOHld,Sk fn!oaOhska

wid oekisá ksid;a fï ish¨ ia:dk bkaÈhdfõ msysá ;eka

yeáhg is;d lghq;= lsÍuo isÿ úh' wo Ôj;ajk fy<Èj

fn!oaOhskag;a fïjd oel n,d.kakg O¾u;djfhkau fï

mqrdúoHd ìï /l=fKa fï whqßkah'


- 68 -

f.!;u nqÿmshdKka foaYkd lr jod<" ksjka oel.kakg

Wmldr jQ" W;=ï nqoaO O¾uh bf.k .kakg tod foia úfoia

j,ska uyckhd rc.ykqjrg meñ‚hy' mer‚ f,dal fn!oaO

uq,ia:dkh" uOHia:dkh jqfha fï fy<ìfï msysá tod

rc.ykqjr kñka m%isoaO jQ wo rc., kï jQ ia:dkhhs' f.!;u

nqÿmshdKka msßksjkamd jod< ld,hg miqj;a" ;j;a jir oyila

muKu È.= ld,hl=;a fï fn!oaO úoHdia:dkh ÈhqKq ;;ajfhka

mej;s kuq;a bka miqj fuh ldgj;au is;d.kakgj;a neß

wdldrhg úkdY ù wNdjhg f.dia ck Y=kH m%foaYhla njgu

m;a úh' wog;a ;ju;a th ck Y=kH m%foaYhls'

¹¸¸ iuk, lkafoa msysg jQ isßm;=,

f.!;u nqÿmshdKka Ôjudkju jevisá wjêfha iuk,

lkao yd l=rerg m%foaYhka md,kh l< m%dfoaYSh rc;=ud jqfha

—iuk˜ rc;=udh' —iuk˜ rc;=udf.a wdrdOkfhka tod l=re rgg

jevu lr jod< f.!;u nqmshdKka tla jila tys jia úiQy'

fufia jia úiq wjia:dfõ§ ld,h .; lf<a l=rerg msysá Èjd

f,fkysh' wo Èjd .=ydj hk kñka m%isoaOj we;s fuu m¾j;

f,ka úydrh tod iuk rcq úiska f.!;u nqÿmshdKkag jia

jikakg ms<sfh, lr ilia lr ÿka ia:dkhhs'

tod iuk rcqf.a rdcOdksh uyshx.kfha isg l=reúg

f;lau me;sr mej;s l÷ iys; rdcOdkshls' fï rdcOdksfhys

Wiu yd ruŒhu ia:dkhla jQ iuk, lkao uqÿfka nqÿ

isßm;=,la fldgd tu nqÿ isß m;=<g f.!;u nqÿmshdKkaf.a

mdo iam¾Yh ,nd f.k Bg je| mqod .kakg" uyckhdg

wjia:djla ,nd ÿkafka iuk uy rcqh' f.!;u nqÿ mshdKka

f.ka nqoaO O¾uh wid oek fidajdka M,hg m;a jQ iuk uy rc

- 69 -


miqj iuka foúhka f,iska ,dxlsl uyck;dj w;f¾

jkaokdudkhgo md;% úh'

wkqrdOmqr yd fmdf<dkakre hq.j,§;a mer‚ rcorejka

wguia:dkhka je|mqod .ekSfï §;a iuk, lkao uqÿfka msysgqjd

;snq nqÿ isßm;=,o jkaokd lr.;a nj wfma b;sydifha

meyeÈ,sju igyka lr we;' ksiaixlu,a, kï fmdf<dkakrefõ

rc l< rcqf.a ld,fha§ iuk, lkafoa msysá nqÿ isß m;=,

;ekam;a lr jkaokd lsÍug meñ‚ tu rc úiska tf;la

wkdrlaIs;j mej;s nqÿ isßm;=,g wdrlaIl wdjrKhla ilid

wo mj;sk ;;ajhg th ilia lrk ,§' wo wm jkaokd

lr.kafka ksiaixlu,a, rcq úiska bÈlrk ,o nqÿ isßm;=,

wdjrKh lrk ,o .,a mqjrejgh' f.!;u nqÿkaf.a nqÿ md myi

,enQ nqÿ isß m;=, we;af;a Bg wä wgla muK háka wdrlaId

iys;jh'

¹¸¸¸' fudlaflu isßm;=,

fuu wgjeks nqÿ isßm;=, msysáfha l,amsáh uqyqÿ ;Srfha

fl<jrh' l,amsáh hkq tod w;S; fy<fha kd. rdcOdkshg

wh;a m%foaYhls' kd. rdcOdkshg-kd.§mhg-jevu l< nqÿ

mshdKkaf.a mdo iam¾Yh ,ndf.k tod l,amsáfha uqyqÿ

fl<jf¾ msysá .,l flgq nqÿ isßm;=<la jkaokd udk

lr.ekSug tod kd. rdcOdksfha jeisfhda mqreÿ ù isáfhdah'

uqyqÿ je,af,a uy.,a ;,djl úydrhla lrjd tys nqÿ isßm;=,la

fldgjd kd. rc orejka yd uyckhd Bg jkaokd udk lrK nj

oel.;a fj<|du i|yd ,xldjg meñ‚ wrdì fjf<kafodao tod

nqÿ isß m;=<g jkaokdudk lrkakg mqreÿ jQy'


- 70 -

mD;=.siska ,xldjg meñ‚ miqj tod l,amsáfha

fudlaflu msysá uqyqÿ uy úydrh n,fldgqjla njg m;alr tys

.,alvd úydrh úkdY lf<ah' oeka fï jk úg l,amsáfha

fudlaflu › ,xld kdúl yuqodjg wh;a kdúl yuqod l|jqrls'

fuys wog;a f.!;u nqÿkaf.a md myi ,enQ nqÿ isß m;=, wdrlaId

ù mj;S'

wkqrdOmqr rdcOdksh wdrïN lrkakg fmr w;S;

hq.fha§ fï fy<ìfï Ôj;a jQ fn!oaO rcorejka yd uyck;dj

je|mqod .;af;a nqÿ isßm;=,g yd chisß uy fndaëka

jykafiagh' ta hq.fha nqÿ ms<su jkaokdudk lsÍfï isß;la fï

fy< ìu ;=< fkdùh' ksjka oel .ekSfï taldhk mrud¾:fhka

nqoaO O¾uh wkq.ukh l< ^Oïudkq Oïu m%;smodj wkq.ukh

l<& fy< fn!oaO msßi f.!;u nqÿmshdKka f.a msßksùfuka

jir 900 la muK ld,hla .; jk ;=re;a fï wguia:dkhka

je|mqod .ekSfï isß;la tod fy<Èj mej;sKs' wkqrdOmqr

rdcOdksfhao miq lf,l wg uyd ia:dkhka bÈlr jkaokd udk

lrkakg mgka .;af;a mer‚ wguia:dkhka wkqrdOmqrhg

b;du ÿr neyer m%foaYj, msysá neúks' miqj fmdf<dkakrefõo

fujeksu wguia:dkhka bÈlr jkaokd udk l< njla

oel.kakg we;' rdcOdksh fjkiaùu;a iu.u wguia:dkhkao

fjkia jQ nj msß;a fmdf;a i|yka úydr wiafkka myeÈ,s fjhs'

,xldfõ§ nqÿ ms<su jkaokdj mgka.;af;a ls%ia;= j¾I

;=kajk fyda y;rjk ishjfia§ muKh' bkaÈhdfõ§ wdrïN jQ

uydhdk nqoaOd.fï nqÿ ms<su jkaokdj b;du ckms%h wx.hla jQ

w;r fï isß; fy<ìugo jeoao .ekSu ksid miqld,Sk ,dxlsl

fn!oaOhdo wo uq,a;ek§ we;af;a nqÿms<su jkaokdjgh'

nqoaOd.u bkaÈhdfõ isg ,xldjg f.kdfõh hk u;h f.dv

keÕ=fKa o fujeks jQ fndfyda fn!oaO ixialD;sl wx.hka yd

- 71 -


mqomQcd l%u bkaÈhdfjka ,xldjg wdkhkh lr f.kd ksidh' fï

wkqj kï wo ,xldfõ woyk nqoaOd.fï fndfyda wx.hka

bkaÈhdfjka ,xldjg f.kd tajdh'

.=ma; md,k hq.fha;a" l=Idka rc fm<m; mej;s hq.fha;a

uydhdk nqoaOd.u bkaÈhdj ;=< b;du ÈhqKq ;;a;ajhlg m;a

úh' foaj wd.ïj, n,mEï f,iska fmdÿ uyckhdf.a Nla;sh

l=¿.eka jQ mqo mQcd l%u" j;ams<sfj;a" iÊCOdhkd l%u" fmryer

meje;aùu" Yío mQcd" fnr ojq,a .eiSu yd fjk;a fndfyda

ckm%sh wx.hka fy<ìugo l%ufhka we;=¿ ù msßisÿ nqoaO

O¾uh yd ksjka olsk ms<sfj;a msÍfï uÕ jeiS .sfhah' ksjka

m;k" Nla;sfhka wd.u weoyq msßila ,xldfõo ìysúh' yq§ ck

myka ixfõ.h i|yd;a" idxialD;sl wx.hka f,i;a iudc iqn

idOkh i|yd;a" nqoaOd.u kug muKla woyk msßila fï

fy<ìu ;=<o ìysùu fuys m%;sM,hhs'

tod nqoaO foaYh" O¾u §mh" O¾u rdcHh" f,daflkau

W;=ï rg" r;ak §mh wd§ úreodj,s ,;a nqÿka ckauh ,enQ fï

W;=ï rg O¾u §mh fï wdldrfhka úkdYh lrd .sfhah'

wfma b;sydi l:d fmd;aj," uydjxYfha" §mjxYfha"

fndaêjxYfha" :Qm jxYfha fyda fjk;a lsisu fmd;l fyda kï

i|yka jk lsisu fy<ìu rc flfkl= wguia:dkh

je|mqod.kakg bkaÈhdjg .sh nj kï i|yka fkdfõ'

,xldfõ§u ,shq —w;a:id,skS˜ kue;s .%ka:fha meyeÈ,sju ,shd

igyka lr we;s mßÈ kï wfma fy< rcorejka fy<ìu msysá

wguia:dkhka je|mqod .kakg rc fmryfrka tod wguia:dk

lrd .uka l< nj kï ̂ meyeÈ,sju& i|yka fjhs'

fy<ìu tod mej;s wguia:dk je|mqod .ekSfï fuu

isß;g wkqj wfYdal uyrc ;=udo wguia:dkhla bkaÈhdfõo


- 72 -

bÈlr tajdg jkaokd .uka .sh njo meyeÈ,sju fmkajd Èh

yelsh' wfYdal Ys,d ,smsj, i|yka jkafka wfYdal rcqf.a fï

jkaokd .uka .ekh' wfYdal rcq ish¨ wd.ï i|yd ;ek jQ

fuu fmdÿ wguia:dkhka Ys,dÈ;Hh rcqf.a md,k iuh jk úg"

Ysj wd.fï" fõo wd.fï" yskaÿ wd.fï wguia:dkhka njg

m;aj ;snq nj ÈjHdjodkh" ,,s; úia;rh jeks ixialD;

fmd;aj, meyeÈ,sju igyka lr we;'

7' isß iïnqÿ" isß i;a O¾uh yd isß,la forK

wm Wmka fï isß,la forfKysu Wm; ,nd" nqoaO;ajhg

m;a jQ tfukau isß i;a O¾uho foaYkd l< f.!;u nqÿmshdKka

Ôj;a jQ ta w;S; hq.fha§ fï fy< ìfïu Ôj;a jQ fmdÿ uyckhd

fukau rc isgqjrekao f.!;u nqÿmshdKka jykafia ye|skaùu

i|yd Ndú;d lrk ,o f.!rjkSh úfYaIK kduhla úh' ta

kduh kï —isß˜ hk kduhhs'

—isß o<od iñ÷ isß oka;Od;=ka jykafia" isß o<od" isß

uy fnda iñ÷" isß uy fnda wxl=r" isß ud fnda olaIsK YdLdj" nqÿ

isß m;=," isß md iufkd<" isß md" nqÿ isßmd" isß foiau" isß i;a

O¾uh" isß jreK" isß u¿j uy isß iÕ .K

isß ,la ìu" isß,la foaYh" isß foaYh" isß ,xld" isß

i. fudla" isß ksjka" isß iem'˜

fï wdldrfhka yeu fhÿulu —isß˜ hk úfYaIK kduh

Ndú;d lf<a f.!;u nqÿkag" f.!;u nqoaO O¾uhg" f.!;u

nqÿkaf.a Ydßßl Od;+kag" mdßfNda.sl yd WoafoaYsl jia;=kag

- 73 -


fukau f.!;u nqÿka jev isá fï §mh y÷kajkakgu nj yeu

úglu wd§ fy<hkaf.a nia jyfrys Ndú;d l< fujka úfYaIK

mo j,ska meyeÈ,s fjhs'

—f.!;u isß mdo j|Sï iufkd< lkafoa˜

hkqfjka w;S;fha fukau wo;a fy<Èj fn!oaOhd iufkd<

isßmd j|skakg hk nj ljqre;a okakd fohls'

nqÿ isß m;=< nqÿ isß md" iufkd< isß md" isß mdo lkao

wd§ moj,ska tod fy<ìu fn!oaOhd —isß˜ hk úfYaIK mofhka

ye|skajqfha f.!;u nqÿ mshdKka jykafiaguh'

—plaljrxls; r;a; iqmdfoda˜ wd§ jYfhka tod .d:djka

mo ne| nqÿ isß mdo moaufhys ;snq tlish wgla jQ úfYaI

,laIK isysm;a lrñka jkaokd udk lr.;af;a fï rfÜu

jevjdih l< f.!;u nqÿ mshdKka jykafiaf.au isß mdo

moauhkaguh'

f.!;u nqÿ mshdKka jir y;<sia myla mqrdjgu foaYkd

l< W;=ï nqoaO O¾uh isß ioaO¾uh —isß foiau˜ hkqfjka tod

w;S; fy< fmd;am;a j, i|yka ùh' isß ioyï uÕ wd§

jYfhka wog;a fy<ìu fn!oaOfhda —isß˜ hk úfYaIK moh

nqoaO O¾uhg;a Ndú;d lr;s'

isß uy fnda iñ÷" isß uy fnda wxl=r" chisß uy

fndaêh" wkqrmqr ch isß uy fndaêh wd§ jYfhka wog;a" —isß˜

hk úfYaIK mofhka wei;= fndaêh y÷kajkq ,efí' tod

f.!;u nqÿmshdKkag ta W;=ï nqoaO ;;a;ajhg m;a ùfï§ msg

§ug Wmldr jQ wei;= .ig miq l,l§ fy<ìu jeisfhda isß uy

fndaëka jykafia hk f.!rj kdufhka wduka;%Kh lf<a nqÿka

isysm;a lrkakguh' tf;la ld,hla wei;= .i f,iska f,dalhd


- 74 -

ye|skajq jDlaIh ñka u;=jg isß uy fndaëka jykafia njg m;a

úh'

jir 2600 lg fmr f.!;u nqÿkag nqoaO;ajhg m;aùug

Wmldr jQ W;=ï chisß uy fndaëka jykafia msysá .fï kuo fï

wdldrhgu fjkia úh'

—isß jevWkak .u˜ hkqfjka fuu .ug tod w¨;ska

kula wdfrdamkh lr Ndú;d l< w;r th wojk úg —isß jev

Wkak .u˜ ysßjvqkak .u f,iska jHjydrhg m;aj lgjyrg

mqreÿ lrf.k we;' fï .fï kshu ksjerÈ ku —isß jev Wkak˜

.u hkakhs'

f.!;u nqÿmshdKka jykafiaf.a Ydßßl Od;= yd flai

Od;=ka ;ekam;a lr bÈ l< fjfyr úydr Od;= ukaÈr

ish,a,gu;a —isß o<od ueÿr" isß oka; Od;= ukaÈr" isß o<od

lr~qj" isß ,,dg Od;=j wd§ jYfhka fy<ìu jeisfhda wo;a isß

kñka kï lr;s'

f.!;u nqÿmshdKka nqoaO;ajhg m;aù fkdfnda Èklskau

;miaiq N,a¨l kï fj<| fonEhkag ,nd ÿka flai Od;=ka

jykafia,d ;ekam;a lr Tjqka úiska tod bÈ lrk ,o iEh wo

—.sßy~q iEh˜ hehs kïúh' th bÈ l< ia:dkh wo ;sßhdh kñka

kï lr we;'

tod uq,au hq.fha fuu iEh —isß y~q iEh˜ hk kñka kï

lr ;snqKs' —isß y~q iEh˜ hkqfjka fï iEhg tod kï lf<a

f.!;u nqÿkaf.au flai Od;= j,g —isß y~q˜ hk ku tod Ndú;d

l< neúks' tod fï isß y~q ;ekam;a l< m%foaYh —isß hdh˜

kñka kï lr ;sì‚' isß y~q iEh" .sß y~q iEh njg;a" isß

hdh" ;sßhdh njg;a Ndú;fhkau fjkia úh' tod wE;

w;S;fha fy<ìu jeisfhda nqÿ.=K j¾Kkdj —isß jreK˜

- 75 -


f,iskao nqÿkag je÷ï msÿï l< ;ek —isß u¿j˜ f,iskao ta

ms<sfj;a nqÿ isß;a f,iskao kï lr Ndú;d lrkakg mgka.;ay'

fï wkqju tod f.!;u nqÿka Ôj;a jQ rg "nqÿ nK foaYkd

l< foaYh" §mh isß ,laìu" isß foaYh hkqfjkao Ndú; ùu

isÿúh' fï isß,l" tisß,l" tisßnr fuisß,l˜ isß,la forK

wd§ jYfhka —isß˜ hk úfYaIK moh fhdod isß ,xldj hk fï

ku wm rgg fufia Ndú;hg ,enqfKa f.!;u nqÿka jykafia

ksiduh' f.!;u nqÿka fï §mfha Wmka ksiduh' fï rfÜ§u

nqoaO;ajhg m;a jq ksiduh' fï §mh nqoaO foaYh nj lshd

mdkakgu —isß foaYh˜ f,iskao tod fï ku Ndú;d lrk ,§'

—isß foafia jeisfhda lsmS˜ hehs mer‚ fy< lúhlao we;' fï

wkqj wfma fy<Èjhskg f.!;u nqÿkaf.a nqoaO;ajhg m;aùu

kï W;=ï isÿùu;a iu.u —isß foaYh" isß ,la forK" isß ,xld

hk kduhka f.ka úfYaIK mohlao iys;j tod f,dalhd fmd;

mf;ys mjd ,shd ;enq nj fmfka'

miq lf,l —isß˜ hk W;=ï kduh —›˜ hk ixialD; moh

^jpkh& yd mg,jd f.k ixialD; iqka.drd;aul n,mEu

ksidfjka isß ,xld" isß foaYh hkak › ,xld hehs kï flßKs'

fï rg —isß ,laìu" isß foaYh" isß ,la forK ñi › ,xld

fkdfõ' —isß˜ hkqfjka úfYaIfhkau fï rgg tod Ndú;d lf<a

f.!;u nqÿkag i;a jrla mQcdl< fï §mfha fï foaYfha we;s

iïnkaOh fmkaùu i|ydu l< mer‚ w¾: .ekaùula ksid ñi

fuh wyïfnka ,enqKq kduhla ksid fkdjk nj

wjOdrKfhkau isß ,la ìu jeishka isysm;a lr.; hq;=h'

oek.; hq;=h'

ksjerÈ fy< jyr —isß˜ hkak ñi › hkak fkdfõ' —isß

Oïud,xldr˜ hk kduho fï wkqju O¾u;djfhkau ,enqKq


- 76 -

w¾: O¾u iys; jQ úfYaIK kduhls' isß ioaO¾uh u;=lr"

f,dalhdg foaYkd lrñka mD:.ack f,dalhdf.a oyï mji ksjd

oukakg" ixidr .eg¿fjka f,dalhd uqojd,kakg uÕ lshd

fokakg nqoaO O¾uh foaYkd lsÍu —isß Oïud,xldr˜ hk

kdufha O¾u w¾:hhs' wo fï wdldrfhka bgq lrkq ,nk fï hq.

fufyjr isß i;a O¾uh foaYkd lr isß i. fudla i|yd uÕ

újD; lr§uhs' fuys fjk;a f,!lsl mrud¾:hla we;af;au

ke;'

fï wkqidrfhka meyeÈ,s lr fokafka tod w;S;fha fï

fy<ìu Ôj;a jQ fn!oaOhska f.!;u nqÿmshdKkag fukau

f.!;u nqÿ mshdKka foaYkd l< O¾uhg" Woafoaisl mdßfNda.sl

yd Ydßßl Od;=ka jykafia,dg isß hk ku Ndú;d l<

wdldrhhs' fï wkqju isß,la ìu hk kuo fï fy<ìug Ndú;d

flß‚' f,dalfha fjk;a lsisu rglg —isß˜ hk ku fï

w¾:fhka Ndú;d jkafkao ke;'

8' pl%j¾;s rdc ixl,amh yd ilaú;s rc mrmqr

pl%j¾;s rdc ixl,amh ms<sn|j lreKq ,sheù we;af;a

,xldfõ§u tod ,shq ;s%msglfhah' plalj;a;s isykdo iQ;%h"

plalj;a;s iQ;%h wd§ iQ;% lsysmhlu jl%j¾;s rcqka ms<sn|j

f;dr;=re ;s%msglfha ,sheù we;' óg wu;rj nqoaO pß;fha;a

fï ms<sn|ju igyka ù we;'

nqÿ isßf;a tk isÿy;a l=udfrda;am;a;sh isÿ ùfuka miqj

kï ;nkakg wis; ;jqid we;=¿ wNs{d,dNS ;jqika rc f.org

- 77 -


le|jd l=ure fmkajQ l< —fuu l=udrhd u;= ilaú;s rcq

jkafkah' tfia ke;s kï nqÿ jkafkah˜ hk m%ldYh ;jqika

fndfydauhlf.a u;h úh' fï m%ldYh lrk ;jqika wNs{d ,;a

wh ksid fuu m%ldYh ;=<ska .uH jk tla i;Hhla wmg u;=lr

.; yelsh'

fï i;Hh kï f,dõ;=rd nqÿ flfkl= nqÿ jkafka kï ta

hq.fha§ ilaú;s rcflfkl= rcfkdjk nj;a ilaú;s rc

flfkl= rdcH;ajhg m;ajkafka kï ta hq.fha§ nqÿ flfkl=

nqoaO;ajhg m;a fkdjk nj;ah' fï isÿùï folu" tkï" nqÿka

nqoaO;ajhg m;aùu;a" rcflfkl= ilaú;s rc njg m;aùu;a

hk folu tl hq.hl" tlg iu.dñj isÿ fkdjk

wNjHhfohls hkakhs'

fï uÕska Tmamqjk wfkla i;Hh kï ish¨u nqÿjreka

nqÿ jk fï fy< ìfïu ñi fï ñys;,h u; fjk;a lsisu

;ekl rgl pl%j¾;s rc flfkl=ka Wm; ,nkafkao" rc

lrkafkao ke; hkakhs'

;j;a tl jeo.;a lreKla fuys§ fmkajd Èh yelsh'

plalj;a;s isykdo iQ;%fha fmkajd fok mßÈ pl%j¾;s rdc

iuhl ta pl%j¾;s rcjre oirdc O¾ufhkau rdcHh lrj;s'

uyckhd nyq;rhlao O¾udkql+,ju ;u Èúmeje;au f.k h;s'

rcq idOdrKh' md,lfhda idOdrKh' ta ksid ñksiqkag mõlï

lrkakg lsisu wjYH;djhlao ke;' mskalï lr.kakg yels

iEu mßirhlau iEu w;skau tys§ ilia fjhs' kuq;a mskalï

lrñka iem iïm;a ú|sñka È.=l,a Ôj;a jk mD:.ack ñksiqkag

ÿl wjfndaO lr.kakg wjia:djla tys§ fkd,efnhs' ta ksid

mskalï ñila l=i,a lr" l=i,iai Wmiïmod lr.ekSug

ñksiqkag oekSula ,nd.kakg l%uhla pl%j¾;s rfcl=f.a md,k


- 78 -

hq.fha§ ke;s fjhs' fujka hq.hl ksjka wjfndaO lr.kakg

ñksiqkag l%uhla fyda yelshdjlao ke;' ksjka oel.ekSfï

wjYH;djhla we;af;ao ke;' Bg fya;=j ÿl w,amùuhs' ÿl

wju ùuhs' iudch hym;ah' w. ysÕlï ke;' rcq i¾j

idOdrKh' oi rdc O¾uhu rlsk rcq wkq.ukh lrk ish¨u

weu;sjre yd rg jeisfhdao oi wl=i,fhkau je<lS mskalï

lrñka mska mqrñka È.= l,a jdih lr ñh mrf,dj h;s'

pl%j¾;s rcjreka rdcHh lrk iuh fufia mska mqrd.;a"

u;= ksjka oel .kakg ;rï jdikdj ,enQ foõ ñksiqka fndfyda

fldg ìysjk hq.hla ksid bka miqj t<fUk hq.h ksh;

jYfhkau nqÿ flfkl=f.a Wm;la ,nk nqoaO l,amhlao

jkafkauh' pl%j¾;s rdc iuhl§ ñksiqkag fyda foúhkag fyda

ksjka oel .kakg l%uhlao ke;' l=i,a hkq l=ulaoehs okakd

l=i,a y÷kk flfkl=o tys ke;' oyïfid~ cd;lfha o fï

mqj; i|ykaj we;' mfia nqÿjrfhl=g ñi fjk;a lsisu

flfkl=g fujka hq.hl§ ksjka oel.kakg o fkdyelsh'

fï wkqj f,dõ;=re nqÿ flfkl= nqoaO;ajhg m;ajk nqoaO

l,amhlg fmr - nqÿ flfkl=kaf.a Wm; ,nkakg fmr yeu

úgu ilaú;s rc mrmqrla ìys ù rc ù ksjka olskakg ;rï

n,j;a mskalï lr.;a mskamsrE úYd, ñksiqka foúhka iuQyhla

ilia ù ìys ùuo O¾u;djfhkau isÿúh hq;=uh' fuh mqífí;

l: mq[a[;d hq.h fõ'

fï ish¨ foau isÿ jkafka;a fï fy<ìu ;=<§uh'

w;S;fha ish¨ nqÿmshdKka jykafia,d nqoaO;ajhg m;a jqfha;a

w;S;fha ish¨ pl%j¾;s rcjreka rclï lf<a;a" fï fy<§mh"

f,daflkau W;=ï rg uQ,ia:dkh lrf.kuh' bkaÈhdfõ fyda

f,dalfha fjk;a lsisu rgl fyda fujka W;a;u isÿùï isoaOùug

kï wjldYhla ke;af;auh' tjka úYaj Yla;shla flakaø .; ù

- 79 -


mj;skafka fï ñys;,fha uOH ,laIh jQ fy<§mh kñka fï

hq.fha§ wm y÷kajk wm Wmka wfmau ckanqoaùmfhysuh' isß

,laìfuysuh'

nqoaO idys;Hfha ;s%msgl idys;Hfha fla;=u;S kï

rdcOdkshla u;= ìys jk nj i|ykaj we;' ta .ek fndfyda

úia;ro f;dr;=reo wm wid oekf.k we;' fï nqoaO l,amh"

tkï f.!;u nqoaO Ydikh" wjika ù jir ^111& tlish

tfld<y lg miqj fï fy< ìfïu fla;= kñka rc mrmqrla ìys

ù oirdc O¾ufhka rclï lrk pl%j¾;s rcjreka f,dj

rclrkakg mgka .kakd hq.hla u;= tkafkah'

f.!;u nqoaO Ydikh Ôjudkj mj;sk ;=re" l=i,a

mqrdf.k ksjka wjfndaO lr.kakg ud¾.h Ôjudkj mj;sk

;=re" ^fï hq.h mK oyila ^p;=rd¾h i;Hhka mK mj;sk

hq.h& hehs ;s%msglfha i|ykaj we;'& tkï tod biskaneiai .,

bism;kdrdufha§ f.!;u nqÿmshdKka meje;a jQ O¾u pl%fha

n,h ^mK& mj;ajk ;=rdjg foú ñksiqkag ksjka wjfndaO

lr.kakg;a yelsfjhs' ta f.!;u nqÿ mshdKka tod meje;a jQ

O¾u pl%h mj;ajd f,djg ksl=;a l< nqoaO Yla;sh wjika jQ úg

bka miqj tk hq.h l<s hq.hla jkafkah' l<shq.h hkq flf<ia

iys; jQ ñksiqkaf.ka msß mõlï lrk ñksiqka nyq, hq.hlah

hkakhs' l<shq.hg Bg miqj l,am úkdih;a kej;;a pl%j¾;s

rdc hq.h;a ìysfjhs'

fï wkqj iEu f,dõ;=rd nqÿ flfkl=f.au nqoaO;ajh

,nkakg fmr hq.h pl%j¾;s rdc hq.hla ùuo ksh; jYfhkau

O¾u;djfhkau isoaO jkakls'

ffu;s%h nqÿka nqoaO;ajhg m;ajkakg fmr fla;= kï

pl%j¾;s rc mrmqrla u;= fï fy<ìfï rclï lrkafkah' fuys§


- 80 -

rcjreka 7 fofklau pl%j¾;s rcjreka f,iska Od¾ñlj rclï

lr ñksiqkag msx mqrd.kakg" msxlï lr.kakg wjia:dj ,nd

fo;s' bka miqj pl%j¾;s rc mrmqr wjika ù jir 99 lg miqj"

ffu;s% nqÿ mshdKkaf.a nqoaO;ajhg m;a ùuo isÿ jkafkah'

f.!;u nqÿ mshdKka nqoaO;ajhg m;a jkakg fmr hq.fha

fï fy< ìfïu rdjKd kñka pl%j¾;s rdjK rcqka 7 fofkl=u

rc lf,ah' tu rdcH ld,h wjika ùfuka miqj pl%j¾;s

n,Yla;sh wysñ ù .sh 8 jeks rdjK rcq rdudhkfha i|yka jk

wo wm okakd rdjKd rcqh' fndfyda f;r;=re rdudhkfhao

i|yka jk fuu rdjKd rc;=udo pl%j¾;s mrmqf¾u flfkls'

kuq;a pl%j¾;s n,;, ish,a,u wfydaiS ù .sh rdjKd rc

flfkl= yd rdu kï bka§h rc flfkl= w;r;a hqoaOh we;súh'

pl%j¾;s rc flfkl=g hqoaO lr n,h md rgj,a Èkd.ekSula

wjYH fkdfõ' pl% r;akh Ndú;d lr O¾u;djfhkau f,dj

ish¨ rgj,a yd rcjrekao ;u md,khg O¾u;djfhkau wjk;

lr .ekSfï yelshdjla yd n,hla pl%j¾;s rcqka i;=j mj;s'

,xldfõ wm wid we;s rdudhkfhao i|yka jk wo fndfyda

fokdf.a jdo újdo j,g Ndckh jQ 8 jeks rdjKd rcq" wka;su

y;ajeks pl%j¾;s rdjKd rcqg miqj rcq jQ Tyqf.au mq;%hdh' oi

rdc O¾uhka ì|Su ksid Tyqg pl%j¾;s n,h yd ilaú;s rclu

wysñ úh' Tyq idudkH mdrïmßl rc flfkla mu‚' fï wkqj

rdu - rdjKd mqjf;a i|yka jk rdjKd rcq ilaú;s mrmqrgu

wh;a idudkHh rc flfkls'

f.!;u nqÿka nqoaO;ajhg m;ajkakg jir 242 lg fmr

hq.hl fï fy<ìfïu ta wjika pl%j¾;s rdjKd rcq rclï

lf<ah' fï wdldrhg rdjK mrïmrdjgu wh;a jQ pl%j¾;s

rcjre 7 fofklau fï fy<ìu §¾> ld,hla rc lrñka

- 81 -


f.!;u nqoaO Ydikfha§ ksjka oel .kakg ;rï msxlï

lr.kakg;a úYd, msßilg wjia:djla i,id ÿkay'

ldYHm nqÿmshdKka jykafia nqoaO;ajhg m;a jQ hq.fha §

fuu ckanqoaùmhu uxv§mh kñka ye|skaúh' uxv§mfha ldYHm

nqÿmshdKka nqoaO;ajhg m;ajkakg fmr —;drl˜ kñka pl%j¾;s

rcjre 14 fofklau w;s §¾> ld,hla rclï l<y' ldYHm

nqÿmshdKkaf.a hq.fha§ fndfyda foõ ñksiqkag ksjka oel .kakg

wjia:dj ,enqfKa w;s§¾> ld,hla ;=< msxmsrE ñksiqka ìysùfï

fya;=j ksiduh'

fï wdldrfhkau fldaKd.u nqÿmshdKka nqoaO;ajhg

m;ajkakg fmr hq.fha§ —n,s˜ kñka pl%j¾;s rc mrmqrla fï

ckanqoaùmh ;=<u ilaú;s rclï l<y' tl, fï §mh Tc §mh

kñka úh' n,s pl%j¾;s rcjre 7 fofklau ta hq.fha§o rclï

l<y'

ll=i| nqÿka nqoaO;ajhg m;ajkakg fmr hq.fha§ fï

§mh jr §mh kñka ye|skaùh' —ukaod;=˜ kñka ilaú;s

rcjreka 5 fofkl= Bg fmr hq.fha§ rclï l< njo fmkajd

Èh hq;=h'

ffu;s% nqÿmshdKka u;= nqoaO;ajhg m;aùfuka miqj tk

hq.fha§ fï fy< ìfï pl%j¾;s rc mrmqrla ìys fkdjk ksid

O¾uh úkdY ù wO¾uhu rchkakgu mgka .kS' fï ksid fï

hq.h wjidkfha f,dal úkdYhla isÿ jkakgu ish¨ ñksiqka

wO¾ufhkau ls%hd lrk hq.hla njg;a m;afjhs' f,dal

úkdYfhka miqj kej; i;aj jdih i|yd kqiqÿiq ;;a;ajhg fï

ñys;,h m;a ùu isÿjk ksid uyd Nø l,amhla mqrdjgu fï

ñys;,h u; nqÿ flfkl=ka nqoaO;ajhg m;a ùula isÿ jkafkao

ke;'


- 82 -

uyd iïu; rc mrïmrdfjka wdrïN jQ fuu uyd Nø

l,amh ffu;S% nqÿkaf.a nqÿ ùu;a iu.u Wodjk nqoaO l,amho

wjika ùhdu;a iuÕu ál l,lskau wnqoafOda;amdo ld,ho

wjika ù f,dal úkdYh ùuo isÿjkafkah' uyd jxYfha m<uqjk

mßfÉfþofhao fï nj i|yka fjhs'

wm Wmka fï fy< ìfï yer fï ñys;,h u; fjk;a

lsisu rgl" fjk;a lsisu §mhl ilaú;s rc flfkl=f.a rcùu

fyda nqÿ flfkl=f.a nqoaO;ajhg m;aùu fyda isoaO ùulao

fkdjkafkah' ñys;,fha uOH uKav,h" tkï mDÓúfha uOH

,laIfha hym;a fl<jr msysgd we;af;a fï wm Wmka fy<

ìfïh' tys whym;a wka;h' fl<jr msysgd we;af;a n¾ñhqvd

;s%fldaKh kñka wo f,dalhd y÷kajk wksla fl<jf¾h' fï

ksidu fï §mh" fï rg" f,daflkau W;=ï rg" fmrÈ. uq;= wegh"

r;ak §mh" ckanqoaùmh" O¾u §mh wd§ úúO úfYaIK moj,ska

w;S;fha mgkau f,dalhd y÷kajd§ we;'

ilaú;s rcjrekaf.a .;s ,laIKhka yd n,hka .ek

;s%msglfha plalj;a;s isykdo iQ;%fha úia;r jYfhkau lreKq

i|yka lr we;' fn!oaO ;s%msgl idys;Hfha yer f,dalfha fjk;a

lsisu ft;sydisl fmd;l" m;l idys;Hhl fyda pl%j¾;s rcqka

.ek i|yka jkafka ke;' —ilaú;s rcq˜ hkq nqoafOda;amdo ld,hla

fkdjk wnqoafOda;amdo ld,hl§u rclï lrk" oirdc O¾uhu

wkq.ukh lrk" wkd¾h OHdkhka yd wNs{d n,hka ,nd.;a

w;s Wiia udkisl Yla;shlska yd pl%r;akh" y;aÓ r;akh" wiai

r;akh" u‚r;akh" b;aÓr;akh" .ym;s r;akh yd mßkdhl

r;akh hk r;ak y;la ysñlr .;a rc flfkls' fujka hq.hl

i;r i;s mÜGdkh" i;a; fndÊcx. wÜGdx.sl ud¾.h hkdÈh

iïmQ¾K lr.kakg wjYH oekqu" m%{dj" ñksiqkag ,nd.;

fkdyelsh' fïjd .ek weiq msrE ;eka we;s who rfÜ f,dalfha

- 83 -


ke;' fï hq.h yeu flfkl=kau f,!lsl iqjhka ú|sñka" mskalï

lrñka iqjfia ld,h f.jk hq.hls'

j¾;udkfha f,dalh ;=< isÿ jkakdla fuka ñksiqka ;,d"

fm,d" hqoaO lrñka" oeä kS;s Í;s mkjd" ffjÍ is;ska"

wO¾ufhka rgj,a hg;a lr .ekSula fyda wêrdcHhka ìys

lsÍula fyda pl%j¾;s rdcHhl .;s ,laIK fkdfõ' ish¨ iem

iïm;a ,efnkafka O¾u;djfhkauh' pl%r;akh ls%hd;aul

ùfuka O¾u;djfhkau ish¨ rgj,a" ish¨ rcjre" pl%j¾;s

rcqf.a wkilg wjk; fjhs' lsisfjl= pl%j¾;s rc flfkl=g

úreoaO ùug mjd fkdis;;s' fujeks Od¾ñl" W;=ï ilaú;s

rcjre w;S;fha fï fy<ìfï rclï l<y' f,dalhu md,kh

l<y' ilaú;s - pl%j¾;s - hk úreodj,sh" úreodj,s kduh

idudkH mD:.ack mqoa.,fhl= úiska ;u Ndú;hg fhdod

.;af;d;a ta mofha kdufha we;s n,h orkakg fkdyels ta

mqoa.,hd buy;a ÿla .eyegg m;a ùuo ksh; isÿ ùuls' fï

wkqj pl%j¾;s kduh oeÍug kï oirdc O¾ufhka yeisÍ

O¾ufha n,h ,nd.; hq;=uh'

9' uydjxYh - ;s%msglh yd nqoaO NdIs;h

f.!;u nqÿmshdKka ud.ë nia jyfrka jir y;<sia

myla mqrdjgu fï fy< ìfï§ f,dalhdg foaYkd lr jod< nqoaO

O¾uh fma<s jYfhka fm< .iajd lgjyfrka jk fmd;a lrf.k

mrïmrdfjka mrïmrdjg mj;ajdf.k hkakg iqÿiq f,iska

ilia lrk ,oafoa Wkajykafia Ôjudkju jev isá hq.fha§uh'

wiquy Y%djlhska jykafia,d w;ßkau ta fjkqfjkau ls%hd l<


- 84 -

uyd liaim uy ry;ka jykafia" wdkkao ry;ka jykafia wd§

msßila tod fï oyï fm< .iajd mj;ajdf.k wdfjdah'

m<uqjk O¾u ix.dhkdj meje;aùfï ft;sydisl mqj;

f,dalhdg fy<s olajkafka;a fï ,xldfõ§u ,shq uyd jxYfha

;=kajk mßÉfþofhks' uyd jxYh ,xldfõ§u ,shq fmd;la

nj;a iy;sl kï" tys ,shd ;enqfõ ,xldfõu b;sydih nj;a

iy;sl kï" uydjxYfha ,shd olajk fï m<uqjk O¾u

ix.dhkdj rc.ykqjr§ meje;aùfï l:d mqj;ska olajkafka;a

uydjxYfhau kï" fuh fï fy< ìfï§" fy<ìu ^rc.,&

rc.ykqrj§ isoaO jqjla nj ´kEu flfkl=g ;SrKh l<

yelsh' fujka ix.dhkdjla Ndr; foaYfha § tod meje;aù kï

ta nj Ndr;fha§ iuld,skj ,shq fmd;a m;a j,o i|yka úh

hq;=ju ;sì‚' kuq;a tfia i|yka ù ke;' fuu O¾u ix.dhkdj

meje;aùu i|yd jevu l< W.;a úh;a 500 la jq uyd wry;=ka

jykafia,d jevu lr jodf<a rc.ykqjr rc., wdYs%;j tjlg

msysgd ;snq úydr wdrdu 28 lska yd reyqfKa is;=,amõj"

ud,s.dú," §>jdmsh" l=äïì., wd§ kï j,ska wo m%p,s;j we;s

wdr[a[ fiakdik j,skah' bkaÈhdfõ§ fujka O¾u

ix.dhkdjla meje;a jQ nj m%ldY lsÍu uyd uq<djls'

l=iskdrd kqjr§ ^wo nqÿ.,§& f.!;u nqÿmshdKkaf.a

msßksjka mEu isÿ ù udi ;=klska miqj rc.y kqjr§" wïmdf¾

rc.,§ m<uqjk O¾u ix.dhkdj meje;ajQ nj w¨f,fka§

f,aLk .; l< ;s%msglfhao i|yka fõ' fï wkqj ,xldfõ§u ,shq

uydjxYh yd ;s%msglh hk fmd;a follu i|yka jk fï

m<uqjk O¾u ix.dhkdj meje;aùfï isoaêh fy< ìfï§ isÿ jQ

ft;sydisl isoaêhla ñi bkaÈhdfõ fyda Ndr;fha§ isÿ jQ fohla

f,i m%ldY lsÍu wufkda{ ls%hdjla nj;a fmkajd §ug

leue;af;ñ'

- 85 -


tjlg u.O foaYfha md,lj isá wcdi;a; rc úiska

m<uq O¾u ix.dhkdj meje;aùu i|yd ilia lr ÿka

ima;m¾‚ .=ydj yd mßjdr .=ydfm< fukau wry;=ka

jykafia,d 500 kulg wjYH wfkl=;a ish¨ myiqlï i,id ÿka

wdldrh wog;a wïmdf¾ rc.,g hk ´kEu flfkl=g;a oel

.; yelsh'

O¾u ix.dhkdjlg iqÿiq fia úYd, .,a l=vhl yevhg

ilialr .;a jfÜgu jdä ù iem myiqjg wry;=ka

jykafia,dg jev isáh yels fia ilia l< fï ima;m¾Œ .=ydj

fï fy<ìu wog;a oel.kakg yels úiau l¾u ks¾udKhls'

fuh wog;a oel n,d .; yels wdldrfhkau rc., /lS

wdrlaId ù mj;S'

uydjxYh yd ;s%msglh ,sùfuka jir 800 lg muK

miqj ,shq fndaêjxYh" :QmjxYh" Od;+jxYh fukau

fmdf<dkakre hq.fha ,shQ fndfyduhlau fn!oaO idys;H .%ka:

j,o fï ish¨ foa ms<sn|ju wkqudk jerÈ u; m%ldY lr" fï

ish,a,u bkaÈhdjg msgux lsÍu lr we;af;ao wfmau rfÜ§

fmd;a ,shq uOHld,Sk .;al;=jreka úisks' ta mD:.ack mo mru

i;Hh fkdokakd .;shhs' fmdf<dkakre hq.fha" oUfo‚ hq.fha"

.ïm, hq.fha isxy, yd md,s fmd;a ,shq yeu l;=jrfhl=gu

bka§h n,mEï fukau" uydhdk nqoaOd.fï n,mEïo we;sùu

ksid nqoaOd.u yd nqoaO O¾uh fjkafldg wjfndaO lr.kakg

;rï Tjqkag O¾udjfndaOhla fkdjQ nj;a" tu hq.fha§ ,shq

iqx.drd;aul j¾Kkd;aul f,!lsl fn!oaO idys;Hh fmd;a m;a

j,ska ukdj meyeÈ,s fjhs'

W;=ï nqoaO O¾uh Wm; ,enqfõ;a" tod Ôjudkju

mej;=fKa;a" wo mj;skafka;a" u;=jg mj;skafka;a fï W;=ï

- 86 -


fy< ìfïu muKla nj uu kej;;a wjOdrKfhkau m%ldY lr

isáñ'

nuqKq u; ork" nqoaOd.ï f,an,h .id.;a fndfyda

momru mqoa.,hska W;=ï nqoaO O¾ufha fmkajd jod< mru

i;Hhka hgm;a lrkakg" jid ;nkakg wo;a n,j;a fiau

W;aidyhl fhfok njo wjxlju fmkajd fokq leue;af;ñ'

bÈßhg;a Tjqka fï foau lsÍug bÈßm;a ùuo mqÿuhg lreKlao

fkdfõ' kuq;a i;Hh ch .ekSug;a ish,a, fy<orõ lrfmkajd

§ug;a wjia:dj yd ld,h oeka t<ô we;'

f.!;u nqÿmshdKka msßksjka md jod< ld,hg miqj

j,.ïnd rcq oji w¨f,fka§ fï W;=ï nqoaO O¾uh f,aLk .;

lsÍu olajdu jir 400 lg;a jeä ld,hla fï ;s%msglh lg

jyfrka jk fmd;a lrf.k láka lg mj;ajdf.k tk ,oafoa

rc.," is;=,amõj" l=vqïì.," §>jdmsh" nqÿ., yd ynqre.,"

uq,alsß., wd§ reyqfKa yd kef.kysr fukau rgueo msysgd ;snq

fy< ìfï wdr[a[ fiakdik j, Ôj;a jq u`.M, ,dNs fy<ìu

NslaIq mrmqrla úisks' Ndr;fha§ fï tlo O¾u jpkhla j;a fï

w;S; hq.fha§ lgmdvï lrf.k mj;ajdf.k fkdwdjd muKla

fkdj wid oek f.kj;a isá flfkl=kao fkdisá nj;a

wjOdrKfhkau m%ldY lr isáñ'

wkqrdOmqr uyd úydrfha fmd;a.=,a j, tod ;ekam;a lr

;snq fn!oaO fy< yd md,s fmd;a m;a ish,a,u .sksn;a lr msßisÿ

nqoaO O¾uh ,shd ;snq fmd;a úkdY lr oeuq miqj fy<ìu

fn!oaOhdg lshjkakg mßYS,kh lrkakg b;sß jqfha uydhdksl

wNh.sßfha .nvd lr wdrlaId lr.;a nqoaOf>daI ysñhka úiska

,shq fmd;a 17 la mu‚' wNh.sß úydrfha Ôj;a jQ uydhdkhg

mlaI jQ NslaIqka jykafia,d;a" uydúydrh úkdY l< tjlg rfÜ

rdcHh md,kh l< wNh.sßhg mlaI jQ isxy, rcq;a hk

- 87 -


fofldgiu uydhdkslhkah' fï fy< wgqjd fmd;afm< úkdY

lsÍfuka miqj wd hq.fha § fy<ìfï fn!oaO NslaIqka yd

rcorejka fndfyda fofkl=u;a w.h fldg ie,l=fõ;a nqoaO

O¾uh f,iska ie,l=fõ;a fï uydhdksl u; iys; fmd;am;ah'

;s%msglh ,shd ;ekam;a lr ;snqfKa w¨f,fkah' wkqrdOmqrfhao

tys msgm;a ;ekam;a lr ;snqKd kï tajdo uydúydrh .sks

;eîfï§ ms<siaiS hkakg we;' kuq;a wfma jdikdjg w¨f,fka

;ekam;a lr ;snq ;s%msglfha uq,a msgm;a i;=rka w;g m;a jqfha

ke;' tajd .sksn;a fkdù È.gu w¨f;ka h<s h<s;a ,sh ,shd wo

olajdu mj;ajdf.k tauo isÿ fjhs'

miq lf,l ;s%msglh isxy,hg mßj¾;kh l< wfma

fndfyda W.;=ka ;s%msglfha i|yka ud.ë jpk j,g moj,g

w¾: oelaùfï§ Wmldr lr.;af;a nqoaOf>daI ysñhkaf.a

f,!lsl wd.ï ixl,am iys; jQ w¾: l:d mßj¾;k j, tk

woyia fyda ta w¾: l:dj,gu miq ld,hl§ ,shq àld" ámamks

iïu; wd§ ú.%yhkah' fï fya;=ka ksid nqoaO chka;s ;s%msgl

iïmdol uKav,fha lghq;= l< W.;a NslaIqka jykafia,dg;a

nyq, f,iskau úY=oaê ud¾.h we;=¿ fmd;a 17 l fmkajd ÿka

m;xc,S jdohg hg ù isxy,hg ;s%msgl fmd;a mßj¾;kh

lrkakg isÿ jQ njo fmkajd Èh hq;=h' fï w;ru tod ;s%msglh

mßj¾;kh l< wfma W.;a iajdóka jykafia,d ixialD; NdId

úYdrohska ùu fya;= fldg f.k ud.ë NdIdj isxy,hg

mßj¾;kh lsÍfï§ jpk ishhg 50lg jeäfhka Ndú;d lr

we;af;a ixialD; NdIdfõ mohkah' fï úlD;s ùï ksid

isxy,hdg msßisÿ ;s%msgl O¾uh wjfndaO lr.kakg wo jk

úg buy;a wmyiq ;;a;ajhla Woa.; ù we;s nj;a lk.dgqfjka

jqjo m%ldY l< hq;=j ;sfí'

- 88 -


ud.ë NdIdfjka lshjd" ud.ë NdIdfjka u O¾uh

is;kakg yels" O¾udjfndaOhla ,enQ W;a;uhd ksh; jYfhkau

wd¾h W;a;ufhl= jkafkah'

fï wkqj wÈka jir 2100 lg muK fmr w;S; hq.hl§"

j,.ïnd rdcHh md,k iufha§" fy<ìfï jevúiq W.;a" úh;a"

O¾uOr u`.M, ,dNS NslaIqka jykafia,d úiska ;s%msgl .%ka:hka

f,iska f,aLk .; lr tod ,shd ;enq O¾u ldrKd w;ßka wfma

fy< b;sydihg wh;a fndfyda kï .ï yd f;dr;=re fukau tod

fï rfÜ Ôjk rgdjo újD; lr" fjka lr fidhd oek.kakg"

f;areï .kakg yels jk Èkh yd ms<s.kakg isÿ jk Èkho oeka

t<U ;sfí' ;s%msgl .%ka: j, tk ish¨u kï .ï" rdcHhka"

rcjreka" isgqjreka" u`.M, ,dNSka" wry;=ka jykafia,d fukau

w;S; wkd.; j¾;udk isoaëkao fï isjq fy<hgu iïnkaO jQ

foaj,a ñi bkaÈhdjg fyda uyd Ndr;hg fyda iïnkaO jQ foaj,a

fkdjk nj wjOdrKfhkau m%ldY lr isáñ'

f.!;u nqÿmshdKka Ôj;aj isá hq.h hehs wms wo

iïu;fhka ms<s.kakd rdcH j¾I j,ska ls%'mq' 589-543 w;r

ld,fha§ fyda ta wdikaku ld,hl§ fyda Ndr;fha foaYmd,kh

uyd wjq,a úhjq,a iys; .%Sl yd m¾Ishka wdl%uK j,ska rg

wjq,g m;a jQ nqÿ flfkl=g Wm; ,nkakg lsis fia;au iqÿiq

fkdjq idufhka f;dr jQ ;;a;ajhl Ndr;h mej;s nj nIdï

;=udo ;u b;sydi fmdf;a i|yka lrhs' nqoaO mßks¾jdKfhka

jir 283 lg muK miqj ld,hl§ wfYdal wêrdchd Ndr;

foaYh tlafiai;a lrk ;=reu tys uyd wjq,a úhjq,a iys;

wrdðl hq.hla mej;sKs' ta hq.fha Ndr;fha foaYmd,kh .ek

lsisu fmd;l m;l fyda ,sheú,a,l ,sheù fkd;sîfukau fï

nj ukdj meyeÈ,s fjhs'

- 89 -


ßia fvúia" fcda¾Ê g¾k¾ fÊïia ms%kaiia" tÉ'iS'mS'fn,a

yd fldäßx.agka jeks iqÿ uy;=ka lf<a ,xldfõ ,shd ;snq

uydjxYh" §mjxYh" ;s%msglh jeks fmd;aj,skao miq ld,Skj

fmdf<dkakre oUfo‚ hq.j, ,shq fmd;a m;aj,ska o lreKq

lshjd oek ,nd.;a mgq yd jerÈ wjfndaOhlska b;sydih

,sùuhs' fufia wkqudkfhka ,shQ bka§h b;sydihla wo bka§h

b;sydi fmd;am;a j,o" ,sheù we;' fï wkqj fuu fy<ìfï

b;sydihg úchf.a hq.fhka ;s; ;nd Bg fmr ish,a,u bka§h

b;sydihg mjrd§ Ndr lrk ,oafoa ta ta hq.j, jerÈhg

b;sydih ,shq mD:.ack ñksiqka úiskauh' fï jro lrkakg oeka

ld,h t<ö we;'

wfma fï fy< ìfï§u tajd hq.hka§u ,shq msßisÿ

ft;sydisl idlaIs wmg wog;a b;sß ù we;;a wo wfma

b;sydi{hska" mqrdúoHd{hska yd wd.ï ixl,am ork .sys

meúÈ W.;=kao tajd ms<s.kakg ue<sjkafka Tjqka bx.s%isfhka

is;k ngysrg .e;s wh fyda Ndr;hg .e;sj is;kakka fyda ùu

ksidhs' ;u fm!oa.,sl ,dN m%fhdack ;ld cd;sl b;sydih

hgm;a lrkakg W;aidy oeÍuhs'

tod wfma b;sydih ,shq fÊñia ms%kaiia" fcda¾Ê g¾k¾"

iafg%dx.a" ßia fâúia" fldäßx.agka" tÉ'iS'mS' fn,a" ú,afy,aï

.hs.¾ jeks iqÿ uy;=ka l< fiajho wm hï ;rulg fyda w.h

lrk w;ru" Tjqkaf.a fkdoekqu ksid wmg isÿ jQ uy;a ydksho

wmu l,amkd l< hq;=h' th oekaj;a ksjerÈ lr.; hq;=h' th

oekaj;a ksjerÈ lr .; hq;=h'

f,dafldamldrh kñka jQ fmd;la rKia.,af,a ysñhka

úiska miq lf,l ,shd m< lrk ,§' fï f,dafldamldrfha 189

jeks lúfha i|yka jk i;r Èjhska msysgd ;snqfKa fï fy<ìu

;=<uh' lrÈh j,,af,ka jg jQ i;r Èjhska f,i tod

- 90 -


f,dafldamldrfha oelajqfha fïjdh'

¸' W;=re l=re Èjhsk

¸¸' ckanqoa§mh ̂ oUÈj&

¸¸¸' mq¾júfoayh

¸¹' wmr f.dahdkh

wkqrmqr hq.hg;a fmr w;S;fha tkï nqoaO ld,fha fï

rg fujka fldgia y;rlg fnod iïu;fhka kïlr f.k

Ndú;d l< fï i;r Èjhska ^m%foaY& f,iska oelajqfha isjq

fy<hhs' ta ta fy<hkays jdih l< f.da;s%l rcjrekaf.a f.da;%

wkqj miqj ckanqoaùmh foaj fy<h f,iska o" W;=rel=re Èjhska

hlaI fy<h f,iskao" wmrf.dahdkh kd. fy<h f,iskao mQ¾j

úfoayh .dkaO¾j fy<h f,iskao kï flßKs'

wdgdkdg iQ;%fha;a" uydiuh iQ;%fha;a meyeÈ,sju

kïlr fmkakqï lrk p;a;dfrda uydrcjreka rclï lf<ao fï

isjq fy<hg wod< m%foaYj,uh' f.!;u nqÿka nqoaO;ajhg m;a

jqfha ckanqoa§mh ^oUÈj& kï foaj fy<hg wh;a m%foaYhl§h'

fï wkqj ckanqoa§mh oUÈj hk kï fï fy< ìfïu fldgilg

b;d wE; hq.hkays§o Ndú;d lrk ,o kduhls' thg

ckanqoa§mh hk ku ,enqfKa ish¨u nqÿka jykafia,d ckauh

,nk §mh hk w¾:fhks' oUÈj hk ku ,enqfKa O¾u §mh hk

w¾:fhks'

f,dafldamldrfha tod ,shd fmkajQ i;r Èjhskau lrÈh

j,,af,ka jg jQ nj mjid ;sîu ksid fï i;r Èjhskau fï fy<

ìfïu tod msysgd ;snq nj;a iy;sl lr m%ldY l< yelsh'

ls%'mQ' hq.fha§ Ndr;fha ,shq fmd;a m;a foi n,k úg ta

yeu idys;H lD;shlu oelafjkafka f,!lsl WmfoaYkhka f.ka

- 91 -


yd iqx.dr rih Wmojk mD:.ack f,dalhdg .e<fmk

wdldrfha f,!lsl lreKq ldrKdfjdah' R.afõo .%ka:hka"

úIaKq mqrdKh" ialkaO mqrdKh yd ;j;a fndfyda mqrdK .%ka:"

n%dyauK yd Wmksioa .%ka: fukau N.j;a .S;dj kï úfYaI

.%ka:ho f,!lsl ÈhqKqj i|yd Wmfoia§ug ,shq tajdh' fïjd

f,dalhla yokakg Wmldr jk úêfha idys;Hh .%ka: fyda

WmfoaYd;aul .%ka:hkah' kuq;a fïjdg iuld,Sk jQ hq.fha§

fy< ìfï§ ,shq ;s%msgl .%ka: yd fy< wÜG l:d ish,a,u ,shqfõ

f,dalfhka tf;r jk f,daflda;a;r ud¾.h fmkajd fokakgh'

ioygu ÿflka ñfokakg wkq.ukh l< hq;= OïudkqOïu

mámodj myod fokakgh' fï wruqKq fol fohdldr jQ

foúêhl wruqKq folls' bkaÈhdfõ fyda Ndr;fha fyda W;=ï

nqoaO O¾uh tod jHdma; ù ;snqfKa kï tys ta hq.fha ,shq fï

fmd;am;a j,o hdka;ñka fyda fï f,daflda;a;r O¾uh .eko

igyka jkakg bv ;sì‚' kuq;a bkaÈhdfõ ,shq fmd;a j, tfia

i|yka ù ke;'

Ndr;fha ,shq mer‚ idys;Hfha wruqK Ôj;aùug wjYH

WmfoaYkh ,nd §u nj N.j;a .S;dj lshjk ́ kEu flfkl=g

myiqfjkau wjfndaO jkq we;' N.j;a .S;dfõ tk

iqx.drd;aul" WmfoaYd;aul rij;a lú lgmdvï lrf.k

Ncka .S f,iska tajd iÊCOdhkd lsÍu wog;a bka§hhkaf.a

pdß;%hls' isß;ls' kuq;a ;s%msglfha i|yka jQ W;=ï O¾uh

widoek" OdrKh lrf.k" w;aú|.; hq;= h:djd§ ;:dldÍ"

h:dldÍ ;:djd§ O¾u;djhls' fï wkqj nqÿ oyu ÿl wjfndaO

lrf.k ÿlg ksOdk fya;=ju fidhdoek" fya;=ju ksreoaO

lrkakg u`. lshd ÿka oyuls' tfia;a ke;s kï fya;=M, oyug

nyd n,d .,md wkq.ukh lr w;a ú|.; hq;= oyuls' Ndr;Sh

foaj ixl,am j,g wkqj ;djld,slj M,h fjkia lr .;af;a

- 92 -


fya;=j fjkia lr .ekSfuks' fï ksid tod ,shQ Ndr; idys;Hh

WmfoaYd;aul idys;Hhlau muKlau ùh'

nqÿ oyñka foaYkd lf,a ñksidg ;u uki fufyhjd

ls%hdlr fhdaksfida ukisldrfhka ls%hdlrkafkl= njg m;a ù

úuqla;sh fidhd.kakg u`.mdod fokq i|ydh' Ndr; wd.ï j,

úuqla;sh fidhk ,oafoa f,dalh ;=<u we;s foa fjkia lr ÿl

;djld,slj hgm;a lsÍfuks' f,dalfhka tf;r jkakg

Wmldrjk wdldrfha f,daflda;a;r oyula ta jdfha fkdùh'

nqoaOf>daI ysñhka mßj¾;kh l< md,s w¾: l:d j,;a

Bg miqj wdhq.fha§ wkqrdOmqrfha§ ,shq fmd; mf;a;a

úfYaIfhkau fmdf<dkakre hq.fha yd oUfo‚ hq.fha§ ,shq

fndfyda isxy, fmd;am;aj,;a olakg we;af;a nqÿ oyfï fmkajd

ÿka fya;=M, oyug nyd .,md ls%hd lrkakg" úkhg ii|d n,d

lghq;= lrkakg Wmldr jk úêfha mrud¾: O¾uhla fkdj

f,dalh yokakg" Nj jDoaêh i|ydu Wmldr jk úêfha iïu;

O¾uhls' ta tjlg Ndr; foaYfha m%p,s;j ;snq f,!lsl wd.ï

ixl,am j, yd WmfoaYl ldjHhkays n,mEï ;Èkau fy<

ìugo oekqKq hq.hhs'

fï wkqj wo wmg b;sß ù we;s uOHld,Sk ft;sydisl

fn!oaO idys;Hh .%ka:" wgqjd l:d yd fjk;a idys;H fmd;a m;a

fndfyduhlau jdf.a Ndr;fha n,mEï ksid miq ld,Skj ìys jq

tajd ñi W;=ï nqoaO O¾ufha fyda ;s%msglfha fyda fmkajq

wdldrfhka ksjka u`.g Wmldrl jk mrud¾: O¾u ú.%y l<

fmd;a m;a kï fkdfõ' miq l,l oUfo‚fha§ ,shejqK cd;l

l:d idys;Hho yq§ ck myka ixfõ.h i|ydu ,shejqKq tajd

ñi ñksidf.a uki fufyhjd fya;=M, oyug nyd .,md n,d

ls%hdlrkakg Wmldr jk tajd fkdjk nj;a fmkajd Èh hq;=h'

tajdo WmfoaYd;aul fldgigu wh;a jk nj kï meyeÈ,sh'

- 93 -


10' foajfy<h yd foaj ixl,am

wkqrdOmqr hq.hg fmr fï fy<Èj §m y;rlg fnod

W;=rel=re §mh" ckanqoa§mh" wmrf.dahdkh yd mQ¾j úfoayh

hk kï j,ska fï rfÜu ckhd isjq fy<h f,iska Ndú;d l<

w;r ckanqoa§mfha oUÈj jdih lf<a foaj f.da;%sl ck;djh'

fudjqka wd¾hhka f,iska f,dalhd tjlg;a ms<sf.k ;sìKs'

n%dyauK" laI;s%h" L;a;sh ^le;al=,h& yd Y=ø kñka l=,

y;rlgu wh;a ñksiqka tod jdih lf<a foaj fy<fha

ckanqoa§mfhah' hlaI fy<fha tjka l=< fn§ula fkd;sìKs'

hlaI fy<fha ;o n, f,iska l=,f.d;a wkqj ñksiqka fnod fjka

l< iudchla fkdùh' kd. fy<fhao hlaI fy<fhao rc

fm<m;a j,g wh;a rcjre rdcHh md,kh l<y'

wd¾hhka úiska md,kh lrk ,o foaj fy<h hdmkfha

isg ud;r olajdu rg folg ueÈka fn¥ l< kef.kysr w¾Ohg

wh;a m%foaYj, jHdma;j ;sìKs' kuq;a kd. f.da;%hg wh;a

ck;dj rg yeu ;eku jdf.a fj<|du" m%jdyKh j;alï

md,kh lrñka k.rj, jdih l< njla fmfka'

kd¬.r hkq kd. f.da;%slhska .Dyhka yodf.k Ôj;ajQ

m%foaYhs' k¬.r kñkao" miqj k.r njg o tA m%foaY m;aúh'

foaj f.da;%slhskaf.a jdiia:dk kqjr fyda mqrhka úh' lms,jia;=

mqrh" Y%djia;s mqrh" jrdkdis mqrh wdoS jYfhks' úYd,d uy

kqjr" rc.y kqjr" ieje;a kqjr wdoS jYfhka kqjrj,a ;snqfKao

foaj fy<fhah' wdgdkdgd" mqrkdgd" l=iskdgd wdoS jYfhka kdgd

kñka k.r msysgd ;snqfka hË fy<fhah' ̂ wdgdkdgd iQ;%fha 23

.d:dj n,kak&

- 94 -


foaj fy<fha rclï l< n,j;a m%dfoaYsh rcqkag"

kdhlhskag —foajhka jykafia˜ hk kñka fmdÿ ckhd

foaj;ajfhka wduka;%Kh lsÍfï isß;la mqreoaola tod ;sìKs' fï

wkqj nqoaO foaYkdjg wkqjo wx.=;a;r ksldfha ;sl ksmd;fha

fmkajd fok wdldrhg tjlg ckqnqoaùmfhau foaj fldÜGdihka

;=kla .eku i|yka fjhs' tA ̧ úY=oaê foaj" ̧ ¸ W;am;a;s foaj" ̧ ¸¸

iïu; foaj hk foaj fldgia ;=khs' tod úY=oaê foaj hk kduh

Ndú;d jQfha oafõYfhka f;dr jq wry;=ka jykafia,dgh'

oafõYfhka fjka jq ksid —foú˜ hk ku Ndú;d l<nj

;%smsglfhau i|yka fjhs' W;am;a;s foaj hkq wm wo úYajdi

lrK foõf,dj hkqfjka i<lk ifoõ f,dalfha Wmosk

´mmd;sl foaj fldÜGdihkagh' Tjqyq Wm;skau foaj f,iska

y÷kajkq ,enQy'

iïu; foaj hkqfjka ye|skajQfha foaj f.da;%h hehs

iïu;fhka ms<s.;a" —foajhka jykafia˜ hk iïu; mofhka tod

fmdÿ ckhd ye|skajQ rcjrekagh' oafõYfhka f;drj" uyckhd

flfrys ffu;%sfhka lreKdfjka rgmd,kh l, fndfyda

rcjreka tod iïu;fhkao foajhka jykafia hk f.!rj

kdufhkao wu;kq ,enQy' tjeks W;=ï rcjre miqj foaj

kdufhkau fmdÿ ck;djf.a mqo mQcdj,go jkaokd udk j,go

md;%jQy'

tod reyqfKa ldpr.du m%foaYfha rclï l< uydfiak

kue;s foaj f.da;%sl rc;=udg fmdÿ uyckhd foaj ixl,amhla

wdrEV l<y' rcqf.a urKfhka miqjo wo jk f;lau uydfiak

rcq foaj;ajfhka uyckhd w;r ms<s.ekSula we;' l;r.u

lsßfjfyr boslf<ao uydfiak rc;=udh' tu lsßfjfyr

N+ñfhau uydfiak rc;=udf.a ms<suhla wog;a olskakg we;' miq

lf,l uydfiak rcq uydfiak foúhka njg;a Bg miq l,l

- 95 -


l;r.u foúhka f,ig;a fy< uyckhd w;r m%isoaO úh' ta

wkqju je÷ï msÿï lrkakgo úh' fou< yd yskaÿ Nla;slfhda

ialkaO mqrdKfha i|yka ialkaO foúhka" l;r.u foúhka

f,iska wo;a woy;s'

tod l=reúg yd › mdo wvúh wh;a jQ l=re rg rclï

l< —iuk˜ rc;=ud f.!;u nqÿmshdKkago kEoElï we;s rc

flfkls' ckm%jdohg wkqj iqoafOdaok rcqf.a nd, fidfydhqßh

irK mdjd .;af;a iuk uyrc;=udh' f.!;u nqÿmshdKkaf.a

jdihg iqÿiq mßos osjd .=ydj ilia lr tla jila tys jev ys÷jd

f.k wem Wmia:dk lf<ao iuk uy rcqh' f.!;u

nqÿmshdKkaf.a nqÿ isßm;=, ;u rdcHhg wh;a Wiu ia:dkfha

fldgjd thg f.!;u nqÿmshdkkaf.a nqÿ md myio ,ndf.k yqoS

ck;djg je÷ï msÿï lrkakg ia:dkhla ilia lr ÿkafkao

—iuk˜ uy rc;=udh' f.!;u nqÿmshdKkaf.a flai Od;+ka ñgla

,nd f.k uyshx.kfha od.enla lrjd je÷ï msÿï lrkakg

mgka .;af;ao iuk uyrc;=udh' f.!;u nqÿmshdKkaf.ka

O¾uh wid fidajdka ud¾. M,hg m;a jq iuk uy rc;=udg

t;=udf.a wNdjfhka miqj fï rfÜ jeishka foaj;ajfhkau

je÷ï msÿï lrkakgo mgka .;ay' wo olajdu iuka foúhka"

iquk iuka foúhka" hkqfjka foajd, f.dv kxjd" foaj ms<su

;ekam;a lr je÷ï msÿï lrkafka tod iuk rc kñka l=rerg

rclï l< fy<osj rclï l< rc;=udgh' tod l=rerg

fj<|du i|yd meñKs wrdì fj<ÿka mjd iuka foúhkag

fukau nqÿ isßm;=,go jkaokd udk lr.;a nj b;sydifhka

meyeos,s fjhs'

f.!;u nqÿmshdKka ieje;a kqjr fÊ;jkdrdufha jev

jdih l< hq.fha reyqfKa rclï lf<a W;am,jkakd kï rc

flfkls' Wmq,ajka foúhka f,iska miq lf,l foúkqjr

- 96 -


foajd,hla lr je÷ï msÿï lrkakg mgka .;af;a fï rc;=udgh'

miqj úYaKq mqrdKh ,shd t<s oelajq miqj úIaKq foúhka hehs

foajd, ilia lr je÷ï msÿï lrkafkao fï rc;=udf.a kduhgh'

fï wkqj Wmq,ajka foúhka úIaKq foúhka njg m;aúh'

úNSik foúhka" whshkdhl foúhka" .f,a nxvdr

foúhka" ñkafkaßh foúhka" rxj, foúhka" m;a;sks uEKshka

wdoS jYfhka fy<ìu fmdÿ uyckhd w;f¾ wo;a foaj;ajfhka

i,ld f.!rjfhka je÷ï msÿï lrkafka tod foaj fy<fha Ôj;a

jQ idudkH mqoa.,fhl=g jvd jeäuk;a úfYaI n,hlska lghq;=

l< ñksfil=f.au kduhgh' fujka foúhkaf.ka ñksiqka Woõ

Wmldr b,a,d isàuo me;Suo mer‚ fy< ck;djf.ao mqreoaola

úh' fï wdldrfhka foajd,hka ;kd foúhkag mqo mQcd mj;ajd

Ndrydr ù is; ikijd .kakg fy<ìu jeisfhda w;s;fha mgkau

mqreÿjQy' fujka foaj weoeys,s yd mqomQcd ldgj;au jrola fyda

mdmhla fyda fkdjk ksid wysxil ls%hd fia i,ld nqoaOd.ugo

fïjd we;=¿ lr.;a njo fmfkkakg we;' bkaÈhdfõ w;S;fha

mgkau foaj weoys,s" mqo mQcd mej;s w;r bkaÈhdfõ n,mEu

ksido ,xldfõ nqoaOd.ugo foaj weoeys,a, miq lf,l ;Èkau

we;=¿ úh'

W;=rel=re Èjhsk" hlaI fy<h hk kï j,ska tod

w;S;fha ye|skajqfha hdmkfha mqkßka isg w,õj .sßW,a,

olajdu jQ uyfkre kï úYd, l÷jeáfhka Tífnka jQ jk.;

m%foaYhhs' uykqjr yd ud;f,a Èia;s%lal j, iuyr m%foaYhkao

hlaI fy<fhau md,lhska úiska md,kh lrk ,os' f.!;u

nqÿmshdKka nqoaO;ajhg m;a ù ál ld,hlskau f.!;u nqÿka

uyshx.khg jevu lf<a tys jdih l< hlaI f.da;s%l ñksiqka

f.ka nqoaO Y%djlhskag lror jQ ksid hlaI f.da;s%lhskag lreKq

lshd hl=ka oukh lr Tjqka fu,a, lrkakgh' f.!;u nqÿ

- 97 -


mshdKka uyshx.khg jevu lf<a wïmdf¾ rc., jdih lrK

hq;=f.a§h'

rdjKd mrmqfrkau mej; tk hlaI f.da;s%l rcjreka

w;=frka fjiaijk uy rc;=ud b;du n,j;a ish¨u hlaI

f.da;s%l rcjrekaf.ao kdhl rcq f,iska tod lghq;= l< njo

wdgdkdg iQ;%fha;a" uyd iuh iq;%fha;a meyeÈ,sju i|yka

fjhs' fï wkqj miq lf,l fjiuq‚ rc;=udgo" foaj;ajhla

wdrEV lr i;r jrï foúhka hk kduh mgne| wojkúg

foaj;ajfhka i,lkakg jkaksfha we;af;da ls%hd lr;s'

hlaI f.da;s%lhska l=ïNdKav f.da;s%lhka yd iuyr kd.

f.da;s%lhskao tod fjiuq‚ rcq ;ukaf.a uy rcq f,iska i,ld

ls%hd l< njo ;s%msglfha u i|yka fjhs' tod nqÿmshdKka

Ôjudkju fï fy< ìfï jevjik hq.fhys foaj;ajh

iïu;fhka ,nd .;a" fmdÿ ckhd foaj;ajfhkau ie<l+ ;j;a

foaj fldgila fï rfÜu iuyr ;eka j, úiqy' úfYaIfhkau

Wvrg uykqjr m%foaYfha tod úiq ta m%foaYhkays wêm;s lï l<

fï rcqka fï rfÜ w;S;fha úiq rdjKd pl%j¾;s rc mrmqfrka

mej; tk mdrïmßl kñka muKla ilaú;s rcjrekah'

fy<ìu úiq" fy<ìfïu rclï l<" rdjKd

mrïmrdjg wh;a jQ ilaú;s rcjreka y;a fokdf.ka miqj

ilaú;s n,h fkd,enQ pl%r;akfha n,h wysñ ù .sh tfia kuq;a

ta rc mrmqf¾u miqld,Skj mdrïmßlj mej; tkakkao fï

ilaú;s kduhu Ndú;d l< nj fmfka' —iuk˜ rcq fukau

fjiaijk rcqo fï ilaú;s rc mrïmrdjgu kEoelï lshq

rcjrekah' kuq;a Tjqka ilaú;s ku Ndú;d lf<a ke;'

;s%msglfha i|yka jk mßÈ tod f.!;u nqÿmshd-

Kkaf.ka O¾uh wikakg meñ‚ ilaliai foajd kñkao"

- 98 -


ilaliai mks; wd§ rcjreka fuu ilaú;s rc mrïmrdjg wh;a

foaj ku .;a rcjrekah' wms wo —ilafoõ rcq˜ —il%foafõkaøhd˜

wd§ mo j,ska uk#l,ams;j woyk fï kduh fhÿfõ Ndú; lf<a

tod fï rfÜu jdih l< f.!;u nqÿkaf.ka nK weiQ

—foajdkñkao˜ kï ilaú;s mrmqf¾ rcqgh' Bg fya;=j Tyq iïu;

foaj fldgfia kdhlhd ùuhs' ilaliai foajdkñkao hkq

nqÿkaf.ka nK weiq tod fï fy<ìu Ôj;a jQ ñksfils'

fï wkqj bkaÈhdfõ weoyq foaj wd.ï ixl,am j,g

fjkia foaj ixl,amhka fï fy< ìfï tod Ôj;a jQ ck;dj

w;f¾ me;sÍ ;snqKq nj fmfka' fï rfÜ wo;a" je÷ï msÿï lrK

ish¨u foúhka ilafoúhkao we;=¿j tod fï fy< ìfïu jdih

l< idudkH ñksiqkag jvd hï úfYaI jQ udkisl fyda ldhsl

Yla;shla ,ndf.k uyck;djg hï úfYaI fiajhla l< fï

rfÜu w;S;fha jdih l< ñksiqkauh'

ks.ukh yd iudma;sh

f.!;u nqÿka Wm; ,enQ tfukau ish¨u nqÿjrekag

Wm; ,nkakg ;rï jdikdjka; jQ fï ckanqoa§mfha fï fy<ìu

i;Hu jQ b;sydih jix lr oukakg - iyuq,skau hgm;a lr

oukakg- ldgj;au fkdyelsh' nqoaO O¾uh msßisÿ f,iska h<s

u;= ùu;a iu.u ksjka wjfndaO lr.kakg Wmldr jk

p;=rd¾h i;Hh O¾uh wjfndaO lr.;a W;=ukaf.a ìysùu;a

iu.u Bg iu.dóju" u.M, ,nkakg WmksY%h jkakd jQ

wdldrhgu nqoafOda;am;a;shg" nqoaO;ajhg yd m<uqjk

Oïuplal mj;ajk O¾u foaYkdj meje;aùug wod< ia:dkhka

- 99 -


yd nqÿkaf.a msßksùug wod< jQ nqoaO Yla;sh .eí jQ ia:dkhka"

kï .ï jYfhka muKla fkdj weiska oel n,d.; yels

whqßkau ia:dkhka jYfhkau fï fy<ìfukau oeka y÷kdf.k

;sfí'

fï ia:dkhka .ek lrK ,nk fï m%ldYhka

wkqudkfhka m%ldY lrk foa kï fkdfõ' fï mru i;Hhka

oel.;a ksidu f,dalhgo fy<s lrkq ,nk mru i;Hhkah'

fujka i;Hhka f,dalhdg fy<s lrkakg uq,a jQ fya;=jo fuys§

meyeÈ,s l< hq;=j we;'

2005 isg 2008 olajd ld,h ;=<§ ksjka olskakg Wmldr

jk mru mú;% › ioaO¾uh kka whqßka fidhd oek u;=lr

f,dalhdg foaYkd l<;a" ,shd m%ldY l<;a" fida;dm;a;s M,hg

fyda m;ajkakg ndOhla jk ;j;a tla fya;=jla hgm;aj ;sfnk

nj O¾u;djfhkau fmkakqï lr fok ,os'

fï ndOlh u`. yerùug .; hq;= OïudkqOïu m%;smodj

fidhdf.k hoa§ M, iudm;a;sfhkau fmkajq" M,

iudm;a;sfhkau oel.;a oel y÷kd.;a" ta wkqj

iudm;a;sfhkau u;=lr.;a fï W;=ï mQckSh ia:dk y;ru tla

Èkl tla fudfyd;l fmkakqï l< w;r ta iu`.u Bg ksOdk jQ

l:djo fmkakqï lr fok ,os'

ta ksOdk l:dj kï uydmßksíndk iq;%fha tk mßÈ

f.!;u nqÿmshdKka msßksjka mdkakg úkdä myla muK

ld,hla b;sßj ;sìh§ w.% Wmia:dhl wdkkao yduqÿrejka

f.!;u nqÿmshdKka f.ka m%Yakhla úpdf<ah' ta m%Yakh kï

—Nd.Hj;=ka jykai" Tn jykafia jir y;<sia myla uq¿,af,au

foú ñksiqkag nqÿ nK foaYkd lrñka nqÿ lg y~ ,nd foñka

- 100 -


nqÿrej oel.ksñka nqoaO Yla;shg wkq.; fjkakg wjYH

mrf;daf>daIl m%;Hh foú ñksiqkag ,ndÿkay' oeka Tn

jykafiaf.a msßksùfuka miqj bÈß ld,fha§ foú ñksiqkag

nqÿrej" nqÿ lg y~" nqoaO Yla;sh ,nd .kakg l%uhla ke;sj

f,dalhdg mrf;daf>daIl m%;Hh ,nd .kakg neßùu ksid

fida;dmkak M,hg fyda m;a jkakg l%uhlao ke;s fjkjd

fkao@˜ hk m%Yakhhs'

nqoaO Yla;shg wkq.; fkdù" mrf;daf>daIl m%;Hh

fkd,nd iïud ÈÜÀhg m;a fkdù iajhx Yla;sfhkau

fida;dmkak M,hg fyda m;a jkakg mD:.ack ñksfil=g

fkdyelsh' p;=rd¾h i;Hhka wjfndaO lr.kakg;a" iïud

ÈÜÀhg m;a jkakg;a kï hful= fida;dm;a;s wx.hka y;ru

iïmQ¾K lr.; hq;=uh' fuhska —imamqßi ixfiafjda˜ hkqfjka

fmkajd jod< m<uqjk wx.h iïmq¾K jkafka iajhxN+

{dKfhkau p;=rd¾h i;Hhka wjfndaO lrf.k wry;a

u.M,hg m;a jQ f,dõ;=rd nqÿmshdKka Ôjudkju oelSu iy

nqÿmshdKkaf.ka nK weiSu fyda u. M,hlg m;a jQ nqoaO

Y%djlfhl=f.ka nqoaO O¾uh Y%jKh lsÍu hk lreKq iïmq¾K

lr .ekSfuka ,nd.; yels mrf;daf>daIl m%;Hh ,eîfuks'

uydmßksíndk iQ;%fha foaYkd lrk ,o mßÈ —ioaOiai

l=,mq;a;iai - oiaikShdkx ixfõckShdkx˜ p;a;dfrda Gdkd

hkafkys w¾:h f.!;u nqÿka msßksjka md jod< miqj;a u.M,

,dNS nqoaO mq;%fhl=f.ka msßisÿ O¾uh wid ioaOiai

l=,mq;a;iai ;;ajhg m;a jq hful=g tkï fida;dmkak

ud¾.fha .uka lrk flfkl=g —oiaikShdkx - ixfõckShdkx˜

hkqfjka m%ldY l< fida;dmkak M,hg ^oiaifkak ixmkak

ùug& m;a ùug kï nqoaO;ajhg iïnkaO jQ fï W;=ï ia:dk

y;ßka tlla fyda oeln,d je|mqod ys; myod .; hq;=h hkakhs'


- 101 -

nqoaO Yla;shg wkq.; úh yelafla ta whqßks' fï ksid

mrf;daf>daIl m%;Hh yd iïud ÈÜÀhg m;a ùug fukau

fida;dm;a;s wx.hka iïmQ¾K lr .kakg;a fï ia:dkhka

w;ßka tlla fyda oel n,d .; hq;=h'

msßisÿ mru mú;% nqoaO O¾uh úlD;s ù hgm;aj .sh

miq.sh hq.hl ixfoaYkdj wikakg fkd,enq w;S; hq.hl

wd¾h O¾uhla wid p;=rd¾h i;Hhka wjfndaO lr.kakg

wjYH mru mú;% nqoaO O¾uh Y%jKh lrkakg fkd,enqKq

hq.hl" O¾u;djfhkau fï W;=ï nqoaO Yla;sh mj;sk Bg

wkq.; jQ W;=ï ia:dkhkao uy jkfhka jeiS hgm;aùu o

O¾u;djfhkau isÿ jQ fohls' tfia tu ia:dkhka

O¾u;djfhkau jeiS ;djld,slj hgm;a fkdjqfha kï tod

mD:.ack f,dalhd úiska fmrÈ. yd ngysr wdl%u‚lhska úiska

fï W;=ï ia:dkhkao lvd ì| oud úkdY lr oukakg ;sìKs'

wdkkao yuqÿrejka weiq fï jeo.;a m%Yakhg f.!;u nqÿ

mshdKka ,nd ÿka ms<s;=r Tiafia w;S;h wjf,dalkh lr

iuj;ska fï ia:dkhka y;ru tljr fidhd oek ksjerÈ f,iska

m%ldY lrkakg;a fï W;=ï ia:dkhka msysá ;eka fmkajd

fokakg;a fhÿfKa u.M, ,nd.kakg iu;a O¾udjfndaOhla

,enQ úYd, msßila fï fy<ìu ;=< wo jk úg;a Wm; ,nd O¾u

ud¾.fhao hñka fid;dmkak ud¾.hg m;a ù isák fyhsks' tjka

ioaOiai l=,mq;%hskag fida;dm;a;s M,hg m;ajkakg Wmldrj;a

jk wdldrhg fïjd u;=lr fmkajd ÿka njo m%ldY l< hq;=h'

2009 fmdfidka fmdaod fï ia:dk y;r f,dalhdg újD;

lr fmkajd §fuka miqj fï udi 15l muK iq¿ ld,h ;=<§

úYd, ck;djla fï W;=ï mqoìï oeln,d je|mqod .;a;d

muKla fkdj ksy~ju u.M, ,nd.;a njo oeka iy;sl fldg

- 102 -

m%ldY l< yelsh' fï wkqj h<s;a nqoaO O¾uh mK msysgqjd nqoaO

Yla;sh f,dalhdg úoyd fmkajkakg oeka kshu ld,ho Wodù

we;' O¾uhg bv § wO¾uh úkdY ù hk iajNdjfha hq.hla

oeka yeu w;skau oel.kakg we;' oeka oeka isÿjk isoaëka wkqj

fï O¾u;djh oel.; yels nj fhdaksfida ukisldrfhka is;k

´kEu flfkl=g myiqfjkau oeka is;d.; yelsh' mõldrhdg"

wfidaksfida ukisldrfhka lghq;= lrkakdg fï O¾u;djhka

oek .kakg fyda oel .kakg fyda ,efnkafkao ke;'

fï mru i;Hhka u;=lr m%ldY lr" f,dalhdg fy<slr

ud lf<a jrola hehs is;k iuyr mD:.ack mqoa.,fhdao wo

iudcfha;a wm w;ru jdih lr;s' u.M, ,nd.kakg fkdyels

whqßka fn!oaO f,dalhdg ksjka ud¾.h jid wyqrd oud ;snq hq.h

oeka wjidkh' ish¨u ndOl oeka bj;alr u`. msßisÿ f,iskau

újD; lr we;s nj m%ldY lrkafka ioaOdjka; l=,mq;%hskag ñi

ksjka olskakg ;rï fmr msx fkdl< tjka w{dk mqoa.,hskag

kï fkdfõ'

fï O¾uh w{dk ÿmam[a[iai mqoa.,hdg kï fkdfõ"

m%{djka;hdg muKlau hehs nqÿ mshdKka tod foaYkd lr jod<

W;=ï mdGh h<s;a isysm;a lrjñka fï fmd; lshjd wjfndaOhla

,nd.; fkdyels kï Tn ;ju;a ixidr .eg¿jg ue§ ù

ixidr id.rfha w;rux ù ñßÕ=jla miqmi ÿjk ,dNfhka

msmdis; mqoa.,fhl= f,iska ls%hd lrk w;Dma; lr ñksfil=

nj;a isysm;a lr.kakd f,iska fï W;=ï O¾u m%ldYhkag

úreoaO jk fldhs ldg;a ffu;s%fhka yd lreKdfjka u;la lr

§ug leue;af;ñ'

- ksñ -

- 103 -

janbuddveepaya part 2

Documents