UP CLOSE AND PERSONAL

• Born in Virginia in 1758 • Attended the College of William

and Mary • Fought with Continental Army• Practiced law in Virginia• Elected United States Senator• Helped negotiate the Louisiana

Purchase • Elected President in 1816 and

served from 1817 to 1825• Era of Good FeelingsPresident James Monroe

Cultural Nationalism h Patriotic themes infused every aspect of American

society from books and paintings of Revolutionary heroes to Noah Webster’s blue-backed speller that promoted patriotism

Economic Nationalismh Running parallel with cultural nationalism was a

political movement to support the growth of the nation’s economy--------AMERICAN SYSTEM

Political Nationalismh Movement to bring about the support for national

government over the states. Supreme court decisions support the concept of national government over the states.

McCulluch v. Marylandh Maryland attempted to place a tax on the Federal Bank;

Supreme Court ruled that States could not interfere with Federal Institutions.

Dartmouth College v. Woodwardh Between Dartmouth College and New Hampshire.

Court ruled that the charter of the college was a private contract, and that NH could not change it.

Gibbons v. Ogdenh NY tried to give a monopoly to a company for carrying

passengers on the Hudson. Since the ferries stopped in NJ as well, this fell under interstate commerce so only the Federal Government could regulate it.

Supreme Court Cases

Summary: h In a Federal System, power is not created; it is

transferred. These three court cases transferred power from the States, and put them under Federal Control.

Result?

Federal government became stronger while State governments lost their power.

Supreme Court Cases

• A series of treaties were signed in order to ensure the expansion of the United States:

Rush-Bagot AgreementTreaty with Great Britain

• Shared Oregon Territory for 10 years• Set the northern limits of the Louisiana Territory at the 49th

parallel– US agreed to cede land above 49th parallel– GB agreed to cede land below 49th parallel

Rush-Bagot Treaty of 1818 with Great Britain

49th Parallel

Agreed to joint occupation

• Florida Becomes Part of US– After War of 1812, Spain had

difficulty governing Florida– Seminole Indians, runaway slaves,

and white outlaws would conduct raids and then retreat to safety across the Florida border

• President Monroe commissioned General Andrew Jackson to stop the raiders –Jackson led a force into Florida, destroyed Seminole

villages, and hanged 2 Seminole chiefs–Jackson captured Pensacola and drove out the Spanish

governor

• Adams-Onis Treaty (1818)–Spain:

• Turned over western Florida along with all to the east

• Gave up claims in the Oregon Territory to the U.S.

–US agreed• to pay $5 million to Spain • to give up any territorial claims to Texas

Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819 with Spain

49th Parallel

Texas

Rush-Bagot 1818

• New Latin American countries

were formed from

successful revolutions.

• Monroe felt that he had to respond to the threat that

European countries might try to win back their former Latin American colonies.

• Thus, Monroe proclaimed the fundamental policy that bears

his name, Monroe Doctrine.

monroe doctrine

• Monroe told Europe: You stay out of the West, and we’ll stay out of your squabbles.

• The doctrine also claimed America’s right to intervene anywhere in its own hemisphere, if it felt its security was threatened

• This was a policy of mutual noninterference

Western Hemisphere or the Americas.

• No European country tried to intercede in the Americas following the Monroe Doctrine, so it appeared to work.

• In reality, no one was afraid of the American military; Spain, France and others stayed out of the Western Hemisphere because the powerful British navy made sure they did.

• Referred to as America’s Self Defense Doctrine.

• It is a continuation of President Washington’s neutrality and

isolationist policies.• Past problems with Europe led

the US to declare the Americas off-limits to Europe

US protector of new democracies in the Western Hemisphere

No European Colonization in the Americas

US will stay out of European

affairs

Monroe Doctrine

US recognized existing

European Colonies

Spirit of Nationalism in USpatriotism or national onenessCountry is united, confident, and growing1791-1819, 9 states joined the original 13.

One political party---Republican partyRespect from EuropeMonroe first president to visit all states.Boston newspaper declared an “Era of Good

Feelings” had began.But, time period was not free of problems.

american system

Not so good in the era of good feelings?

There was an economic depression

The country was dividing into three parts

Issue of slavery threatened the nation

The Panic of 1819 Largely the fault of the Second

Bank of the United States,’ it did not give out as much loans as before (tightened credit in an effort to control inflation)

h Many state banks closedh There were large increases in unemployment,

bankruptcies, and imprisonment for debt

Depression was most severe in the West

EconomyLeader____________Role ofGovernment

NORTHEAST• Business and ManufacturingDaniel Webster

_______________• Wanted Tariffs• Backed internal

improvementsEnd to cheap public

land• Increasingly

nationalistic• Against Slavery

and believed the U.S. Govt. must

abolish it.

SOUTH• Cotton-growing

John C. Calhoun

_______________• Opposed tariffs

and government spending on American

System• Increasingly

supportive of states’ rights

• Pro-slavery and opposed any

steps of the U.S. Govt. to try and

abolish it.

WEST• Frontier agricultureHenry Clay

______________• Supported internal

improvements and American System.

• Wanted cheap land• Loyal to the U.S.

Govt.• Against slavery but

some supported letting the people decide the slavery

issue

U.S. was becoming divided into 3 separate sections with each trying to promote their self-interest.

EconomyLeader

__________Role of

Government

NORTHEAST• Business and Manufacturin

gDaniel

Webster____________

• Wanted Tariffs• Backed

internal improvements

• Wanted end to cheap public

land• Increasingly

nationalistic• Against Slavery and believed the U.S. Govt.

must abolish it.

EconomyLeader

__________Role of

Government

SOUTH• Cotton growing

• John C. Calhoun

____________• Opposed tariffs

and government spending on American

System• Increasingly

supportive of states’ rights

• Pro-slavery and opposed

any steps of the U.S. Govt. to

try and abolish it.

WEST• Frontier agriculture

• Henry Clay_____________• Supported

internal improvements

• Wanted cheap land

• Loyal to the U.S. Govt.• Against slavery but

some supported letting the

people decide the slavery

issue

EconomyLeader

__________Role of

Government

The new period of expansion also resulted in a national debate over slavery

• In 1820, the Union consisted of 22 states

• 11 allowed slavery, 11 prohibited it

• When Missouri applied for statehood, it threatened the balance of power between the slave & non-slave states

After months of heated debate in Congress,

Henry Clay won majority support for 3 bills that

represented a compromise

The Missouri Compromise was created to appease both sides

• (1) Admit Missouri as a slave state

• (2) Carve off a piece of Massachusetts, called it Maine, & admitted Maine as a free state

• (3) Establish the southern border of Missouri as the northernmost point in which slavery would then be allowed in the western territories of the US

The compromise was the first in a series of measures forestalling the Civil War. It also split the powerful Democratic-Republican coalition, ending its 20-year control of national politics