james c. greenwood president & ceo. the future of food and fuel is biotechnology
TRANSCRIPT
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James C. Greenwood President & CEO
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The Future of Food and Fuel is Biotechnology
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Global Challenges
Global Warming
CO2Emissions
Growing Population
High Energy Prices
Growing Energy
Demand
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Ethanol
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Cellulosic Biomass: The New “Crude Oil” Cellulosic Biomass: The New “Crude Oil”
Corn stover
Wood chips
Sugar CaneBagasse
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Salmassi and Leadbetter
The Pacific Dampwood Termite Zootermopsis angusticollis
Courtesy of Jared Leadbetter, CalTech, Pasadena, CA
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The Path to Ethanol from Cellulose
Feedstock Collection
Biotechnology Treatment• Enzymes break cellulose into sugars• Ferment sugars to ethanol
Pretreatment Pulverize or grind feedstock to release cellulose
Biotech enzyme
Downstream•Ethanol recovery & shipment
*Source: Biotechnology Industry Organization
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Biomass Potential
More than 1 billion tons of agricultural residues and dedicated energy crops could be sustainably harvested by 2030 for biofuels production in the United States alone.
2007 USDA/DOE Study
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Iogen Plant (Canada)
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Abengoa Bioenergy Facility (Spain)
Salamanca cellulosic biomass-to-ethanol plant
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DOE Integrated Biorefinery Demonstration ProjectsAwarded Feb 28, 2007, $385 million
CompanyCompany Plant Plant LocationLocation FeedstocksFeedstocks TechnologyTechnology CapacityCapacity
Abengoa Abengoa BioenergyBioenergy
Kansas Corn stover, wheat straw, milo stubble, switchgrass
Enzymatic Hydrolysis
40 ML + power
ALICOALICO Florida Yard, wood, vegetative wastes
Gasification-Fermentation
50 ML + power, H2, ammonia
BlueFire BlueFire EthanolEthanol
California Sorted green waste and wood waste from landfills
Acid Hydrolysis 75 ML
PoetPoet Iowa Corn fiber, cobs, and stalks Enzymatic Hydrolysis
110 ML
IogenIogen Idaho Wheat straw, corn stover, switchgrass, and rice straw
Enzymatic Hydrolysis
70 ML
Range Range FuelsFuels
Georgia Wood residues and wood-based energy crops
Gasification 150 ML ethanol + methanol
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80
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1986
1988
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bu
/ac
re
(USDA/NASS)
1986-1995115.15 bu/acre
1996-2005137.7 bu/acre
Average Corn Yield Up Since 1996 Introduction of Biotech Corn
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Biotechnology Innovation Produces Food AND Fuel
Yield growth of just 2 bushels per acre per year results in an additional 144 million bushels .*
That additional corn could produce more than 403 million gallons of ethanol.
* 10-year average 72 million harvested acres
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Corn StoverRice Straw & HullsWheat & Barley StrawSwitch GrassSaw Dust & Wood ChipsSugar Cane & Waste (bagasse)Grass ClippingsOther Agricultural ResiduesWaste Paper & Other Trash
Abundant Cellulose Sources
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A Global Opportunity
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Creating the Future We Want
Continued deployment of industrial and ag biotech improvements
Supportive governmental policies The use of grain and cellulosic biomass Innovative and sustainable farming practices Farmers participating in the value chain The evolution of biorefineries to make
multiple products
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www.bio.org