jalandhar study

INTRODUCTION-

JALANDHAR CITY, PUNJAB.

INDIA MAP

JALANDHAR MAP

PUNJAB MAP

Meaning of Punjab

The Punjab, called Pentapotamia

by the Greeks, derives its name

from two Persian words, panj (five),

an aab (water, having reference t

o the five rivers which confer on

the country).

PUNJAB

LAND OF THE PUNJAB

Location of Punjab

Punjab is a region that encompasses

Northern India and the East side of

Pakistan. Punjab is bounded on the

north by the vast Himalyan ranges,

which divide it from China, Tibet and

Kashmir; on the east by the river

Jamna, the North-Western Provinces

and the Chinese Empire; on the

south by Sind, the river Sutlej,

which separates it from Bahawalpur,

and Rajputana; and on the west by

the Sulaiman range, which divides

it from Biluchistan, and Afghanistan,

which joins the Khaibar.

Map of "Panjab" from Pope, G. U. (1880), Text-book of Indian History: Geographical Notes, Genealogical Tables,

Examination Questions, London: W. H. Allen & Co. Pp. vii, 574, 16 maps.

THE PANJAB 1880

PUNJAB 1909

PUNJAB 2000 ONWARDS…

SIX RIVERS OF PUNJAB

It is to be observed that there are, in fact, six rivers instead of five; but, as the Indus was much

dreaded by the religious classes, and was considered the sacred boundary of India to the far

west, the ancients seem to have disregarded it in giving the country its present name.

A delineation of these rivers is

necessary, not only because

they form the principal features

in the topography of the

Province, but because their

importance, from a military as

well as from a political and

mercantile point of view, has

been admitted from the

remotest antiquity to the present

day.

DISTRICTS OF PUNJAB

The total Area of Punjab is 50,362 sq

Kilometer. It occupies 1.6 percent of the

total area of India. The capital city of

Punjab is the beautiful city of Chandigarh.

The total number of districts in the state is

17. The total population of the state is

20,281,969 according to the census of 1991.

The geographical location of the state of

Punjab is 29 degrees 32 minute to 32

degrees 32 minute North Latitude and 73

degree 55 minute to 76 degree 50 minute

East Longitude.

The Area of Punjab is divided into the

following 17 districts:

Amritsar Bathinda Faridkot

Fatehgarh Sahib Firozepur Gurdaspur

Hoshiarpur Jalandhar Kapurthala

Ludhiana Mansa Moga

Muktsar Nawan Shehar

Patiala Roop Nagar Sangrur

Jalandhar is the north-western city in

Punjab.

The city was earlier known as Prasthala

during the period of Mahabharata. And

During the British era, it was known as

Jullundhar. Ruled by the Hindus and the

Mughals in succession it is believed to

be the oldest city in Punjab.

Jalandhar is said to have derived its

name from the vernacular term

`Jalandhar’ means area inside the

water, i.e. tract laying between the two

rivers Satluj and Beas , still another

name of Jalandhar had been Trigartta,

as it was waters by three rivers, Satluj,

Beas and Ravi.

The city has seen very fast development

and urbanization and has become a

high industrial centre.

JALANDHAR CITY

GEOGRAPHY OF JALANDHAR

Jalandhar is located on the intensively

irrigated plain between the Beas and Sutlej

rivers. The city, which has major road and rail

connections, is a market for agricultural

products. Manufactures include textiles,

leather goods, wood products, and sporting

goods.

Jalandhar is situated at 710 31’ East and 300

33’ North at a distance of 146 kms from state

capital Chandigarh. It is at a distance of 350

Kms from Delhi on Delhi-Amritsar Highway.

It is surrounded by Ludhiana district in East,

Kapurthala in West, Hosiharpur in North and

Ferozepur in South. It is well connected by

road and train. Nearest Airport is Raja Sansi

Airport, Amritsar at a distance of 90 kms.

CLIMATE:

Climatic divisions and seasons and their duration: The cold season is from about the

middle of November to the early part of March. The succeeding period upto June is the hot

season. July, August and the first half of September is monsoon. Mid September to about

the middle of November may be termed as the post monsoon or transitional period.

Temperature: June is generally the hottest month with the mean daily maximum

temperature at 44.0C and the mean daily minimum at 27.20 C. January is the coldest

month of the year. The mean daily maximum in January is 19.50 C and the mean daily

minimum is 6.4 0C.

Rainfall: About 70 percent of

the annual rainfall is received

during period from July to

September. The rainfall during

the period of December to

March accounts for about

16 percent of the rainfall.

The average annual rainfall

in the district is 649.9 mm

(25.59”).

JALANDHAR MAP

HISTORY OF JALANDHAR

History of Jalandhar comprises three periods – ancient, medieval and modern.

ANCIENT PERIOD

According to the history of Jalandhar District in ancient time, the district comprised the whole

of the Upper Doabas from Ravi River to Sutlej River.

According to the Padama Purana, the district takes its name from the demon king, Jalandhara.

The whole of Punjab and the area of present Jalandhar District was part of the Indus Valley

Civilization. Harappa and Mohenjodaro are the sites where remains of the Indus Valley

Civilization have been found extensively.

Further, the early history of Jalandhar District states that this entire district was part of the vast

areas covered under the Indus Valley Civilization during the early period of history. The

excavations done in Jalandhar District have revealed the imprints of Harappa culture in east

Punjab.

The earliest historical mention of Jalandhar District occurs in the region of Kanishka. From the

later half of the tenth century up to 1019AD, the district was included in the Shahi Kingdom of

Punjab and Jalandhar was an important city in the region.

INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION KANISHKA- KUSHAN EMPIRE

MEDIEVAL HISTORY

As per the medieval history of Jalandhar District, Jalandhar was always the capital of Doaba

which then extended to the neighborhood of Multan under the Mughal Emperors.

In 1766 AD Jalandhar fell into the hands of the Sikh Misal of the Faizullapuria, then under

Khushal Singh. His son Budh Singh succeeded him, built a masonry fort in the city, the site of

which is now occupied by Killa Mohalla while several of the other leaders built forts of bricks.

In 1811, Diwan Mokham Chand was sent by Maharaja Ranjit Singh to annex the Faizullapuria

possession in the Jalandhar Doaba. In the first Anglo Sikh War (1845- 46 AD), there was no

significant military event in Jalandhar Doaba.

The army of Sardar Ranjodh

Singh Majithia marched

through Doaba and was

joined by the troops of

Ahluwalia chief.

After the battle, the region

between Beas and Sutlej

was ceded to the British.

MODERN PERIOD

The modern history of Jalandhar

District recalls that John

Lawrence was appointed

commission of Jalandhar Doaba

on its annexation in 1846.

Cantonments were built at

Jalandhar, Phillaur, Nakodar

and Kartarpur. Further, railway

line from Beas to Jalandhar

was opened in 1869. the

Doaba was linked to the rest

of Punjab by railway bridges,

constructed over Beas in 1869

and over Sutlej in 1870.

MAJOR EVENTS IN THE PLANNING HISTORY:

The events in the history are important to know since these give the idea about the type of

development a city underwent over the passage of time. The events in the planning history of

Jalandhar city are listed in chronological order as follows:

TOPOGRAPHY

The topography of the District is typical representative of an Alluvial plain, it owes its origin

to the aggravation work of the Sutlej River. The alluvium deposited by the river has been

worked over by the wind which gave rise to a number of small dunes and sand mounds. Most

of these dunes have been leveled by the brave hard working agriculturists of the district.

The District can be divided into :

1. The flood plain of the Sutlej

2. The up land plain

POPULATION GROWTH AND CHARACTERISTICS

The population study of Jalandhar city is done decade wise which helps in bringing out the

trends of the growth rate, literacy level, sex ratio etc. of the city. The identity of the town

depends upon the character of population so; it is an important component for town

planning.

The following studies related to demographic factors for Jalandhar city has been conducted to

know the demographic character of Jalandhar city.

Jalandhar city had a population of only 135283 in the year 1941. However due to sudden

influx of refugees from West Pakistan, around 67,000 more people descended in Jalandhar.

The city population profile indicates that during the decades of 1941-1951 and 1951-1961, it

registered a growth of 49% whereas in 1981-1991, the growth in population touched 31%.

However, during the period of 1991-2001, the growth rate came up to 39.47 % because of

normalized social and economic conditions which is almost 2% above the urban population of

Punjab.

ROAD LINKAGES:

The city is well connected with

other areas of state as well as

the country

through roads like NH1, NH1A,

NH 70 and NH 71 and by rail

links like

Amritsar –New Delhi,

Jalandhar – Pathankot,

Jalandhar – Hoshiarpur,

Jalandhar – Nakodar and

Jalandhar – Kapurthala

Railway line. However, the

city has no air link with rest

of the state or country so far.

ROAD NETWORK:

• The existing road

network of the city is ring

and radial, in other

words, the roads are

radiating outward from

the core of the city.

• A series of major roads

passes through Jalandhar

city which all converge at

one point in the centre.

• It has four National

Highways and number of

important roads passing

through the city.

CARRIAGE WAY AND LENGTH OF MAJOR ROADS PASSING THROUGH JALANDHAR CITY

•The carriageways of all these National Highways are uniform with a

•width of 20 meters at all points with dual carriage way are provided

•with the width of 10m + 10m.

Jalandhar – Amritsar Road

PEDESTRIAN PATHWAYS:

The following roads have been identified to

provide footpaths

along with service lanes within Municipal

Corporation limits in addition to 25 roads

identified

by Municipal Corporation, Jalandhar:

ÿ Jalandhar – Amritsar Road

ÿ Jalandhar – Ludhiana Road

ÿ Jalandhar – Pathankot Road

ÿ Jalandhar – Hoshiarpur Road

ÿ Jalandhar – Nakodar Road

ÿ Jalandhar – Kapurthala Road

CYCLE TRACKS / RICKSHAW TRACKS:

Cycle Tracks / Rickshaw Tracks have been

proposed in addition to 25 roads identified

by Municipal Corporation, Jalandhar:

ÿ Jalandhar – Amritsar Road

ÿ Jalandhar – Ludhiana Road

ÿ Jalandhar – Pathankot Road

ÿ Jalandhar – Hoshiarpur Road

ÿ Jalandhar – Nakodar Road

ÿ Jalandhar – Kapurthala Road

R O A D S A LT E R N AT I V E S …

ROAD NETWORK:

FLYOVERS / ROB’S IN THE CITY

On the bypass road running from Bidhipur Phatak to PAP Chowk, four flyovers have been

constructed which help in the free movement of the people at junctions since grade

separators avoid the intra-traffic to mingle up with the inter-traffic.

Existing Flyovers / ROB’s within city limits

It is evident from the above table that the flyovers are dual carriage way which results in

speedy distribution of the traffic and as a result decreases the delays. However, road

network neither has nor expanded in proportionate with the increase in number of vehicles

and other traffic generated in the city. Further due to large scale encroachments made by

the informal sector and others road capacity has reduced considerably. Parking of the

vehicles on the roads adversely affects to the freely movement of the vehicles. Due to all

these reasons, the fly over / ROB’s are being constructed in the city at five different

locations and at four locations is under construction.

THE MISSION OF PUNJAB ROADWAYS/PUNBUS

IS TO:

- Provide stage carriage transport to people of

Punjab, which is affordable, reliable, safe and

responsive to the needs of the people.

- Provide concessional travel to certain categories of

society like students, old women, police personnel,

cancer patients, journalists, ex-MLA’s, freedom

fighters etc.

- To provide employment opportunities to the people

of Punjab and to act as the model employer for the

unorganized transport sector.

- To operate and maintain the important bus stands

of Punjab in its operational jurisdiction.

- Provide bus services during special needs of the

state and the country like emergencies, rallies etc.

EH-178,Civil Lines,

BUS STATION, Jalandhar

RAILWAY :

The city of Jalandhar has the very

strong railway linkages due to which it

is well connected with the state as

well as country. The railway linkages

are listed as follows:

Amritsar- Jalandhar-New Delhi

Railway Line

Jalandhar – Pathankot Railway Line

Jalandhar – Hoshiarpur Railway Line

Jalandhar – Kapurthala Railway Line

Jalandhar – Nakodar Railway Line

Main Railway Station, in the center of

the city

Suranussi Railway Station

Jalandhar Cant Railway Station

The railway lines cut the road network of the

city at numerous level crossings which become

centre for traffic bottlenecks. To facilitate the

people with the smooth traffic flow, four flyovers

are under construction at different parts of the

city.

• These issues are listed as follows:

• Absence of functional hierarchy of road network

• Mixing of local and regional traffic

• Location of Bus and Rail terminals in the core area

• Narrow roads in the core of the city with limited capacity resulting in the large scale

Congestion

• Location of major traffic generators such as wholesale markets in the core of the city

• Large scale intermixing of slow and fast moving traffic

• Inadequate grade separators leading to number of traffic jams

• Large scale encroachments of road leading to reduction in effective road width

• Lack of parking space leading to on – street parking of the vehicles which adds to further

congestion and delays

• Limited provision of footpaths on the roads with most of the footpaths encroached by

informal activities

ISSUES OF TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION

EXISTING LAND USE DISTRIBUTION – LOCAL PLANNING AREA, JALANDHAR

The existing land use distribution determines the nature of development of a settlement and its

economic status is also reflected through the type of its physical development.

The study of existing land use distribution helps in fixing the priorities and for evolving a

strategy for the future development of the area.

The existing land use scenario guides a planner to allocate land for different land uses viz.,

residential, industrial, commercial, public / semi public etc rationally and optimally so as to

achieve the high level of efficiency of land which is limited.

The existing land use plan for Local Planning Area, Jalandhar has been prepared vide drawing

number DTP (J) 3/2009 dated 17-06-2009. The following table shows the existing allocation of

land under different land uses in Local Planning Area, Jalandhar:

EXISTING LAND USE DISTRIBUTION – LOCAL PLANNING AREA, JALANDHAR

Table No 9.25: Existing land use distribution of LPA, Jalandhar

Sr. No. Land use Area (in ha) %age

1. Residential 9684.50 12.49

2. Commercial 721.10 0.93

3. Industrial 3465.95 4.47

4. Recreational 155.08 0.20

5. Traffic and Transportation 4497.20 5.80

6. Utilities 139.57 0.18

7. Governmental 2799.12 3.61

8. Public and semi public 1729.09 2.23

9. Agriculture and water bodies 54346.39 70.09

Total 77538.00 100.00

EXISTING LAND USE DISTRIBUTION

13%1%

4% 0%

6%

0%

4%

2%

70%

LAND USE CHART

residential

commercial

industrial

recreational

traffic and transportaion

utilities

government

public and semi public

agriculture and waterbodies

PROPOSED LAND USE DISTRIBUTION (2009- 2031)

RESIDENTIAL

The distribution of land under residential use in Local Planning Area, Jalandhar has been

found to be about 12.49%, out of which the major share i.e., about 9% is of five urban

settlements namely Jalandhar, Phagwara, Kartarpur, Adampur and Alawalpur.

The existing villages in Local Planning Area take up about 3.49% only. The concentration of

population is mainly in Jalandhar and Phagwara cities which signify a bigger need for more

built up areas for residential use to sustain the growing employment opportunities in the field

of trade and commerce in these settlements and to provide adequate housing for about 25

lakh persons of LPA by 2031.

COMMERCIAL

The commercial activity is also mainly concentrated in above said urban settlements and rural

areas falling within LPA are devoid of high level of commercial activity. The rural population

has to depend upon nearby urban areas to meet their day-today shopping needs.

Although Kartarpur town specializes in furniture marketing even then for the rest of

commercial business, it has to depend upon nearby Jalandhar city. Hence a balance has to

be created in this regard so as to minimize the dependence on urban settlements for this

purpose.


INDUSTRY

The industrial activity is mainly concentrated in Jalandhar and Phagwara. The furniture

industry at Kartarpur is having significant role in the economic well being of this town but the

rest of the areas in LPA have very low proportion of land under industries.

TRANSPORTATION

The road circulation comprises National Highways, State Highways and railway lines passing

through this area and a good road network of local roads. But the missing road hierarchy,

encroachment along roads, road condition etc especially in urban areas is resulting in chaotic

traffic condition. Hence concrete measures are required to improve the traffic and

transportation system by way of provision of new roads, construction of flyovers / ROB’s,

subways etc.

The public facilities and utilities are also concentrated in urban settlements and the rural

areas are devoid of these facilities which need to be taken care off in the Master Plan.


JALANDHAR CITY

LANDMARKS;

•Sri Govind Dham Ashram

•Chak jinda village play

ground

•Godai pur play ground

•Radha swami satsang

•Sangal school play ground

•Sahib bangi Ashram

•Sri gurudas Maharaja

•Anand pura

•Avtar nagar play ground

•Sri ram Sarnam Ashram

•Radha swami satsang Ashram

LANDMARKS:

1.CHAK JINDA VILLAGE PLAY GROUND

This play ground plays a huge role,

holding state and district levels sport events .

This play ground is considered as reference

point for outsiders.

2.SRI GOVIND DHAM ASHRAM

Sri Govind Dham Ashram is situated in Bidhipur,

Jalandhar, Punjab. 3. RADHA SWAMI SATSANG ASHRAM

founded by Soami Shiv Dayal Singh Ji and Baba

Jaimal Singh Ji Maharaj in 1891 at a site called Dera

Baba Jaimal Singh on the West bank of the River

Beas, India.

A philosophical center based on the spiritual

teachings of all religions and dedicated to a process

of inner development under the guidance of a

spiritual teacher.

LANDMARKS:

4.Devi Talab Mandir, Jalandhar

The Devi Talab Mandir is an ancient temple and one of

the famous Jalandhar attractions, which is nearly 200

years old. This temple is located in the centre of the city,

and is about 1 kilometer away from the Jalandhar

railway station. An image of lord Shiva in this temple is

referred to as Bhisan Bhairav. Goddess Durga is

worshipped here. It is one of the 51 Shakti Peethas in

India. This ancient temple has been renovated in the

recent past.

5. Wonder Land, Jalandhar

The Wonder Land in Jalandhar is an amusement park

which has a variety of rides and water games.This is an

ideal place to hang out with family and friends. It is

spread across an area of 11 Acres, and has several

water and land rides for kids. The park remains closed

during winters due to extremely chilly weather. Some of

the famous rides at the water park include flying

dragons, aqua dance floors, horror house, boating, and

bumper cars etc.

LANDMARKS:

6. St. Mary Church, Jalandhar

The St. Mary Cathedral Church is counted amongst

well known Jalandhar attractions. It is a famous tourist

and religious place. The church was originally

constructed in the year 1947 by Rev. Fr. John

Macodnnel. This church got the status of the mother

church of the state of Punjab, or the Cathedral church

in the year 1955.

7. Shiv mandir, Jalandhar

The Shiv mandir in Jalandhar is situated at the Gur

Mandi. This temple was built by Nawab of Sultanpur

during the Lodhi Era. This spectacular temple has

unique architecture. The gates of the temple are built

similar to that of a mosque, while the architecture of

remaining part is based on the design of typical Hindu

temple.

BMC CHOCK FLY OVER GURU NANAK HOSPITAL THE AXIS BUILDING

HAVELI DEVI TALAB

MANDIR

JALANDHAR CANT

SALEMPUR

LANDMARKS:

HERITAGE SITES

1. RANGLA PUNJAB HAVELI, JALANDHAR

Rangla Punjab Haveli is a traditional Punjabi village

themed resort on the Jalandhar Phagwara Highway. This

resort has the ambience of a lost Punjabi village and

the waiters are dressed in tehmat-kurtas and phulkari

jackets.

It has a marriage palace and an enclosure called Rangla

Punjab, where cultural programmes are organized every

evening. This new age dhaba with a flavour of old Punjab

is a completely vegetarian resort run by the Jains of

Jalandhar.

From an exterior of Nanakshahi bricks to a collection

of antique artefacts, the place evokes the old world

charm, with folk music playing in the background.

This eatery is thronged by people heading to and

from Punjab, especially during winters. Dal tadka,

karahi paneer and kheer are its top-selling all-season

delicacies. In winters, sarson da saag and makki di

roti is the most favourite dish.

HERITAGE SITES

2. DEVI TALAB MANDIR, JALANDHAR

Devi Talab Mandir is located in the heart of Jalandhar, just 1 km away from the railway

station. In place of the old Devi Talab a new temple has been built in the centre. Recently a

model of Amarnath Yatra has been built within the premises. Near the Devi Talab, one can find

an old temple of Goddess Kali. In the past, the mandir was invaded by several foreign rulers. It

is one of the fifty one Shakti Peeths and it is believed that Mata Sati's right breast fell here. In

Jalandhar, Goddess Kali is also known as Tripurmalini. Lord Shiva of this temple is known as

Bhishan Bhairav.

This mandir is famous for the Harivallabh Sangeet Sammelan held every year in the month of

December. In Devi Talab Mandir, there is a 200 year old large masonry tank which is

considered sacred by Hindus.

3. ST. MARY'S CATHEDRAL CHURCH, JALANDHAR

St. Mary's Cathedral Church was built by Rev. Fr. John McDonnell in 1947. It was looked

after by various chaplains appointed to Jalandhar by the Diocese of Lahore. After the partition

in 1955, the Catholic Mission of the Indian Punjab was raised to the status of Apostolic

Prefecture, with it’s headquarter in Jalandhar. Eventually, the church at Jalandhar Cantonment

became the Cathedral or the Mother Church of Punjab. The old church was demolished on 15th

February, 1987 and the foundation stone for the new church was blessed by Pope John Paul II

in February 1986. It was laid by His Excellency Rt. Rev. Dr. Symbhorian Keeprath Bishop of

Jalandhar Diocese on 19th April 1987. The church was designed to highlight the secular

character of India.

The new church was graced by Archbishop Jose Sanchez, the special delegate of Pope John

Paul II from Rome and inaugurated by Archbishop Agostino Cacciavillan, the Vatican

Ambassador.

4. PUSHPA GUJRAL SCIENCE CITY

Pushpa Gujral Science City is a joint project of the Government of India and Punjab

Government. It has been set up in 72 acres of land in the heart of Punjab, on the

Jalandhar-Kapurthala Road.

The subject areas covered here include physical, applied, natural and social sciences,

engineering, technology, agriculture, health sciences, energy, industries as well as human

evolution and civilisation. Environment, ecosystems, Jurassic park, space, nuclear

science, information technology, robotics and bio-technology are other subjects covered at

the Science City.

5. SAIDAN GATE,JALHANDER

East Entrance to amazing and massive Bazaar complex of Jalandhar

These interconnected bazaars structure of jalandhar should be credited as biggest

multiplex of jalandhar atleast.

Actually Gate were the monuments or structures built by ancient residents in the

memory of some persons also Mai Hiran Gate , built by some maharaja of kapurthalla in

memory of his mother Hiran.

6. SHAHEED-E-AZAM MUSEUM, JALANDHAR

Shahed-e-Azam Bhagat Singh Museum Khatkar Kalian was inaugurated on 23rd of

March, 1981 being the fiftieth Martyrdom Anniversary of Shahecd Bhagat Singh.

Museum is situated at Khatkar Kalian ancestral village of Shaheed-e-Azam On Ropar-

Nawanshahr- Phagwara Road in Nawanshahr District of Punjab. Museum is 100 Kms

from Chandigarh (Capital of Punjab State), 30 Kms from Phagwara, 55 Kms from Jalandhar

and only 1 0 Kms from district headquarter of Nawanshabr. Local Railway line passes

through village Khatkar Kalan to Phagwara and Nawanshahr but town Phagwara which is

only 30 Kms from museum is a important Junction of Indian Railways which is directly

connected with the National Capital New Delhi and daily trains for all important cities are

available there.

7. KARTARPUR GURUDWARA, JALANDHAR

Kartarpur Gurudwara was built by the fifth Sikh Guru, Guru Arjun Devji in 1656. This

gurudwara is located in Kartarpur about 16 km from Jalandhar. Every year several devotees

gather here for the fair held on the birth anniversary of the Guru.

Kartarpur is also known as the birthplace of Swami Virjananda, teacher of Swami

Dayananda Saraswati. A memorial has been constructed here in the memory of Guru

Virjananda

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