jaco van der gaast the winand staring centre, p.o. box 125, 6700 ac wageningen, the netherlands 1...
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Jaco van der GaastThe Winand Staring Centre, P.O. Box 125, 6700 AC Wageningen, The Netherlands
1
Water Management Tools
Jaco van der Gaast
The Winand Staring Centre
Wageningen, The Netherlands
A Spatial Solution to Calculate Optimum Surface Water Target Levels Using a Water Management Decision Support System
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Jaco van der GaastThe Winand Staring Centre, P.O. Box 125, 6700 AC Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Contents
• Introduction
• The model Swap
• Input Data
• Groundwater modeling
• Crop growth
• Results
• Conclusions
• Near future
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Jaco van der GaastThe Winand Staring Centre, P.O. Box 125, 6700 AC Wageningen, The Netherlands
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IntroductionWMTools is a Water Management Decision Support System that integrates a hydrological dynamic model with ArcView GIS to provide decision support
for optimum water target-level calculations in relation with crop production for lowland areas.
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Jaco van der GaastThe Winand Staring Centre, P.O. Box 125, 6700 AC Wageningen, The Netherlands
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IntroductionThe system combines high-resolution spatial
information
with time
and depth
dependent information.
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Jaco van der GaastThe Winand Staring Centre, P.O. Box 125, 6700 AC Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Swap: System definition
• Unsaturated and saturated top-soils
• 1-D column• Surface water
systems• Regional flow
as lower boundary
Crop evaporation
Precipitation
Crop growth
Drainage/infiltration
Seepage\percolation
Soil evaporation
Integrated modeling of the Soil-Water-Atmosphere-Plant system
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Jaco van der GaastThe Winand Staring Centre, P.O. Box 125, 6700 AC Wageningen, The Netherlands
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transpiration
Saturatedzone
Plant
precipitation
soil-evaporation
Surface waters
Deep Groundwater
surface runoff
- Transport of:soil watersoil heatsolutes (salts, tracers)
- Influenced by:Water repellencySwelling and shrinkingHysteresis
interception
Swap: Integrated modeling of the
Soil-Water-Atmosphere-Plant
system
Atmosphere
drainage/subsurfaceinfiltration
drainage/subsurfaceinfiltration
deep percolation/seepage
Unsaturatedzone
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Jaco van der GaastThe Winand Staring Centre, P.O. Box 125, 6700 AC Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Input data
Elevation
Land use
Soil
Topography
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Jaco van der GaastThe Winand Staring Centre, P.O. Box 125, 6700 AC Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Data: High-resolution elevation data
• Laser scanning• Density of 1 point per 16m²
• Accuracy: STD 15 cm
Average error 5 cm
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Jaco van der GaastThe Winand Staring Centre, P.O. Box 125, 6700 AC Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Data: Surface water system• Interaction with surface water
• Multi-level drainage at regional scales
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Jaco van der GaastThe Winand Staring Centre, P.O. Box 125, 6700 AC Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Data: Surface water system
• Ditch density• Drainage
resistance• Drainage levels• Control unit
size• Weir
characteristicsRegional groundwater
flow system
Drainage tochannels
Drainage to (open)field drains
Drainage totrenches
saturatedsoil profile
avg
Local to sub-regional flow system
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Groundwater modeling
GIS-input:• Seepage• Surface
water
system• Soil • Crop• Meteo• Elevation
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Jaco van der GaastThe Winand Staring Centre, P.O. Box 125, 6700 AC Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Groundwater modelingRelationship between elevation and groundwater
Calculations for eight years on a daily basis
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Jaco van der GaastThe Winand Staring Centre, P.O. Box 125, 6700 AC Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Groundwater modelingRelationship between elevation and groundwater
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160Elevation (cm)
-180
-120
-60
0
Gro
und
wat
er le
vel (
cm)
Wheat high Wheat lowPotato high Potato lowGrass high Grass low
Average Groundwater Level(Clay soil, Weir Crest: Winter -130, Summer -110)
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Jaco van der GaastThe Winand Staring Centre, P.O. Box 125, 6700 AC Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Groundwater modelingRelationship between elevation and groundwater
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Jaco van der GaastThe Winand Staring Centre, P.O. Box 125, 6700 AC Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Groundwater modelingRelationship between elevation and groundwater
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Crop growth: Yield reduction
D
TactWater-limited yield reduction
Transpiration reduction
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160Elevation (cm)
70
80
90
100
Rel
ativ
e Y
ield
(%
)
Reduction due to wetnessReduction due to droughtTotal reduction
Crop yield reduction(Potato on Clay Soil)
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Jaco van der GaastThe Winand Staring Centre, P.O. Box 125, 6700 AC Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Crop growth: Groundwater level
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160Elevation (cm)
70
80
90
100
Rel
ativ
e Y
ield
(%
)
-180
-120
-60
0
Gro
und
wat
er le
vel (
cm)
(->) Average high groundwater level(->) Average low groundwater level(<-) Relative Yield Potato
Relative Crop Yield and Groundwater Level(Clay soil, Weir Crest: Winter -130, Summer -110)
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Crop growth: Effect of soil type
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160Elevation (cm)
70
80
90
100
Rel
ativ
e Y
ield
(%
)
Clay on PeatLoam
Relative crop yield for different soil types(Potato, Weir Crest: Winter -130, Summer -110)
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Crop growth: Effect of water management
-60 -20 20 60 100 140Elevation (cm)
70
80
90
100
Rel
ativ
e Y
ield
(%
)
Weir Crest: Winter -150, Summer -130Weir Crest: Winter -130, Summer -110Weir Crest: Winter -110, Summer -90
Relative crop yield for different water management schemes(Potato on Clay Soil)
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Jaco van der GaastThe Winand Staring Centre, P.O. Box 125, 6700 AC Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Crop growth: Different crops
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160Elevation (cm)
70
80
90
100R
elat
ive
Yie
ld (%
)
Wheat PotatoGrass Maize
Relative Crop Yield for different crops(Clay soil, Weir Crest: Winter -130, Summer -110)
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Jaco van der GaastThe Winand Staring Centre, P.O. Box 125, 6700 AC Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Results: Traditional method
Relative Yield<8080 - 82.582.5 - 8585 - 87.587.5 - 9090 - 92.592.5 - 9595 - 97.5No Data
Relative crop yieldSoil mapSoil
Mn15A-VIMn22Ap-VIMn25A-IVMv81A-IV
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Results: Relative crop yieldsRelative Yield
<8080 - 82.582.5 - 8585 - 87.587.5 - 9090 - 92.592.5 - 9595 - 97.5No Data
Weir crest: Winter -150, Summer -130Average relative yield: 90.1%
Weir crest: Winter -130, Summer -110Average relative yield: 90.1%
Weir crest: Winter -110, Summer -90Average relative yield: 87.7%
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Conclusions
• The system can be used to optimize water target levels in order to optimize crop yields in lowland areas.
• The use of high-resolution spatial data makes the results more accurate.
• The combination of high-resolution spatial information with time and depth dependent information in one system, gives more and easier access to the information needed for analyzing the results.
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Conclusions• Groundwater
– High groundwater levels are almost not effected by elevation
– Low groundwater levels nearly follow the terrain profile
– Groundwater fluctuations decrease by increasing elevation
– The relation between groundwater level and elevation is affected by transpiration reduction
• Crop growth – Elevation and soil type are important factors for
crop yields
– Water management can change the optimum crop growth in relation with elevation
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Near future• Automatic optimization • Crop rotation• Optimization on farm-company level• Nutrient-limited crop growth
• Economics – Cost effectiveness– Profits
• Variation of parameters – Soil physics– Fuzzy soil map– Drainage– Bottom boundary
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Jaco van der GaastThe Winand Staring Centre, P.O. Box 125, 6700 AC Wageningen, The Netherlands
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More information:
• Look at our web-site: www.sc.dlo.nl
• Contact:Jaco W.J. van der Gaast MSc
DLO Winand Staring Centre (SC-DLO)
Department of Water Management
P.O.B. 125, 6700 AC, Wageningen, The Netherlands
tel: +31 317 474293, fax: +31 317 424812
e-mail: [email protected]