Jackson’s Jackson’s AdministrationAdministration

By Mr. LinderBy Mr. Linder

The Party!The Party!

Day After the PartyDay After the Party

Regional Differences StartRegional Differences Start

►NorthNorth – Economy based on Manufacturing – Economy based on Manufacturing Support for Tariffs = U.S. products can be sold Support for Tariffs = U.S. products can be sold

cheaper than imported British goods.cheaper than imported British goods.

► SouthSouth – Economy based on Agriculture (Farming) – Economy based on Agriculture (Farming) Hated Tariffs = imported goods cost too much!Hated Tariffs = imported goods cost too much!

►WestWest – Economy emerging – Support for internal – Economy emerging – Support for internal improvements and sale of public landsimprovements and sale of public lands

Tariff of “Abominations”Tariff of “Abominations”

► Northern manufacturers demanded a tariff Northern manufacturers demanded a tariff on imported wool products (goods coming on imported wool products (goods coming INTO the U.S.)INTO the U.S.) This will help protect against foreign competition!This will help protect against foreign competition!

► South – they OPPOSED the tariff because it South – they OPPOSED the tariff because it hurt their economy. Too expensive to buy hurt their economy. Too expensive to buy imported goods!imported goods!

► Congress passed high tariffs on imports Congress passed high tariffs on imports before Jackson was president. South called before Jackson was president. South called it it “Tariff of Abominations!”“Tariff of Abominations!”

States Rights vs. National States Rights vs. National TariffTariff

►Northern & Southern states in conflict Northern & Southern states in conflict over tariffs – Jackson had to do something!over tariffs – Jackson had to do something!

►Can individual states disregard a law Can individual states disregard a law passed by Congress (a national law)?passed by Congress (a national law)?

► John C. Calhoun said they could because John C. Calhoun said they could because states helped form the federal states helped form the federal government. He called it the States government. He called it the States Rights Doctrine!Rights Doctrine!

John C. Calhoun – Vice John C. Calhoun – Vice PresidentPresident

Nullification CrisisNullification Crisis

► States rights vs. Federal laws = Nullification States rights vs. Federal laws = Nullification crisis.crisis.

► Jackson asks Congress to pass a lower tariff rate Jackson asks Congress to pass a lower tariff rate or tax.or tax.

► Jackson opposed nullification, but was worried Jackson opposed nullification, but was worried about the Southern economy . . . He was from about the Southern economy . . . He was from South Carolina.South Carolina.

► South Carolina passed the Nullification act. The South Carolina passed the Nullification act. The Act declared that the 1832 tariffs were null & Act declared that the 1832 tariffs were null & void.void.

Nullification Crisis Con’tNullification Crisis Con’t

►Congress finally passes a lower tariff Congress finally passes a lower tariff (this makes South Carolina somewhat (this makes South Carolina somewhat happy)happy)

► Jackson tells South Carolina to repeal the Jackson tells South Carolina to repeal the Nullification Act or he will send in troops!Nullification Act or he will send in troops!

►South Carolina repeals the Act – however South Carolina repeals the Act – however – they still believe in states rights!– they still believe in states rights!

Jackson vs. National BankJackson vs. National Bank

►The 2The 2ndnd Bank of the United States – Bank of the United States – Founded in 1816. Founded in 1816.

►Given a 20 year charter.Given a 20 year charter.►Bank was to act exclusively as the Bank was to act exclusively as the

Federal Governments financial agentFederal Governments financial agent►80% of the Bank was privately owned 80% of the Bank was privately owned

– but Congress & President supervised – but Congress & President supervised the bank.the bank.

Jackson vs. Bank ContinuedJackson vs. Bank Continued

►The South hated the bank – Gave too The South hated the bank – Gave too much power to the wealthy.much power to the wealthy.

► Jackson hated the bank – thought that Jackson hated the bank – thought that the states should control the bank – the states should control the bank – The bank was “Unconstitutional!”The bank was “Unconstitutional!”

►Maryland tried to pass a tax that Maryland tried to pass a tax that would limit the banks operationswould limit the banks operations

► James McCulloch – Cashier of the bank James McCulloch – Cashier of the bank – refused to pay the tax.– refused to pay the tax.

Jackson vs. BankJackson vs. Bank

►McCulloch vs. Maryland (Supreme McCulloch vs. Maryland (Supreme Court Case)! Supreme Court declared Court Case)! Supreme Court declared banks Constitutional.banks Constitutional.

►The bank sent a bill to renew charter The bank sent a bill to renew charter in 1832 – Jackson swore he would in 1832 – Jackson swore he would VETO the bill. HE DID!VETO the bill. HE DID!

►Congress could not get 2/3 vote to Congress could not get 2/3 vote to override veto!override veto!

Jackson vs. Bank Continued!Jackson vs. Bank Continued!

► Bank funds were moved to State Banks.Bank funds were moved to State Banks.► States offered easy credit terms to people buying States offered easy credit terms to people buying

land which led to inflation.land which led to inflation.► Jackson tried to slow inflation – only buy land with Jackson tried to slow inflation – only buy land with

gold and silver – didn’t work!gold and silver – didn’t work!► Panic of 1837 - Led to a depression – because of Panic of 1837 - Led to a depression – because of

Jackson!Jackson!► Whigs want to take control but can’t decide on a Whigs want to take control but can’t decide on a

Candidate. They want a weak president.Candidate. They want a weak president.► Andrew Jackson supports Martin Van Buren – he Andrew Jackson supports Martin Van Buren – he

becomes the next president of the U.S. (Democrat)becomes the next president of the U.S. (Democrat)

Martin Van Buren!Martin Van Buren!