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Legal Aspects of Government

Contracts--SDSU

Class One

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Outline Congress Federal agencies Contract authority GAO Acquisition methods

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Congress Appropriates

Appropriation/Authorization Laws Anti-deficiency Act

Passes Acquisition Laws FPASA ASPA CICA

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Federal Agencies Promulgate procurement regulations (FAR

& agency supplements) Execute programs Hear contract claims via Boards of

Contract Appeal

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Contract Authority Government agents must have actual

authority Commercial organizations may be bound

by persons with apparent authority Ratification

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GAO Audits Investigates Hears bid protests

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Acquisition Methods CICA demands “full & open competition”

(with exceptions) Sealed bidding Negotiated acquisition Simplified acquisition Commercial item acquisition

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Contractor Qualification Responsibility Defined Who decides?

Large businesses Small businesses

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Legal Aspects of Government

Contracts--SDSU

Class Two

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Outline Contract types

FP Cost

Other contract types Sealed bidding Competitive negotiation

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Type of Specification Drives Contract Type Design spec Performance spec Milspec/federal spec Industry spec (e.g. ISO 9000) “Brand name or equal”

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Contract Types—Fixed-Price Fixed-price

FFP FP/EPA FPI

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Contract Types—Cost Cost-type

Cost & cost-sharing CPIF CPAF CFPP

CPPC?

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Another Look at Types IDIQ

T&M LH BOA

Requirements contract MAS (GSA) GWACs

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Sealed Bidding Conditions for use Bidding & responsiveness Award Contract type Firm bid rule Late bids

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Competitive Negotiation Conditions for Use Process RFP/RFQ Proposal Discussions Evaluation & award (“best value,” past

performance, debriefing, etc.)

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Legal Aspects of Government

Contracts--SDSU

Class Three

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Outline Protests Socioeconomic issues Subcontracting

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Protests Defined Forums Timeframes Grounds

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“Protest” DefinedFAR 33.101:

“A written objection by an interested party…” to a solicitation or a proposed award.

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Protest Forums Contracting Officer GAO Court of Federal Claims

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Protest Timeframes Preaward Postaward

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Protest Grounds Failure to follow announced rules No reasonable basis Bias?

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Socioeconomic Topics Small Business SDBs & 8(a) firms HUBzones Affirmative action Labor standards Buy American Drug-free workplace/workforce

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Subcontracts Privity CPSR & consent to subcontracts Subcontract clauses & flowdowns

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Legal Aspects of Government

Contracts--SDSU

Class Four

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Outline Costs Payments/Financing Intellectual Property

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Costs Why & when significant? Cost principles Allowability & Allocability &

Reasonableness Particular costs Cost accounting standards Truth in Negotiations Act

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Payment & Financing Prompt Payment Act Contract financing

Partial payments Progress payments Advance payments

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Intellectual Property What is it? Who owns it? Two sets of clauses:

DOD Non-DOD

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Legal Aspects of Government

Contracts--SDSU

Class Five

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Outline Fraud & Ethics Specifications Government Property

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Fraud Civil false claims

Qui tam Criminal false claims False statements Major Fraud Act

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Ethics Kickbacks Bribes & gratuities Procurement Integrity Act Byrd Amendment Suspension & debarment

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Specifications “Warranty” of specs Impossibility/impracticability Substantial performance

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Government Property GPF Risk of loss

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Legal Aspects of Government

Contracts--SDSU

Class Seven

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Outline Changes Delays Equitable adjustments

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Changes Types of changes allowed In scope? Cardinal changes Duty to proceed Commercial contract rule

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“Constructive” Changes Contract ambiguities Government failure to cooperate Bad specs Nondisclosure Acceleration

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Delays Government Stop-work orders “Constructive” delays Force majeure—excusable delays

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Equitable Adjustments Defined “Adjustments” compared Proving claims Total cost claims

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Legal Aspects of Government

Contracts--SDSU

Class Eight

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Outline Inspection T for D T for C

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Inspection Clauses: commercial vs. government Certificate of conformance Place & costs Rejection/correction Acceptance & finality Warranties

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T for D Clauses Basis & cure notices Force majeure Government waiver Government remedies

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T for C Why the right? Commercial contracts? Flowdown Christian doctrine Procedures

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Legal Aspects of Government

Contracts--SDSU

Class Nine

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Outline Simplified contracting Commercial contracting Claims & Disputes

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Simplified Contracting Dollar thresholds Soliciting bids

Oral solicitations <$25k Simplified evaluation schemes Local businesses At least three sources

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Commercial Contracting Definitions: “of a type” Streamlined solicitation & simplified

evaluation Only FFP, FPEPA, or (some) incentive

contracts Unique T’s & C’s: FAR 52.212-4—or

negotiate others

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Claims & Disputes Contract Disputes Act of ’78 Disputes Clause Defined: does not include routine requests

for payment Time for submission Prime/sub Certificate & Interest accrual

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Legal Aspects of Government

Contracts--SDSU

Class Ten

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Outline Claims & Disputes Appeals to BCAs PL 85-804

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Claims & Disputes Contract Disputes Act of ’78 Disputes Clause Defined: does not include routine requests

for payment Time for submission Prime/sub Certificate & Interest accrual

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Claims & Disputes (con’t) Contracting Officer decision

Timing Content

BCA appeal COFC appeal Contractor duty to proceed

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Boards of Contract Appeal COD Notice of Appeal Jurisdiction Complaint & Answer Discovery—the Rule 4 file Hearing ADR?

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ADR Resources Electronic Guide to Federal Government

ADR—http://www.adr.af.mil/iadrwg/ Air Force ADR

Toolkit—http://www.safaq.hq.af.mil/contracting/toolkit/adr/menu.html

American Arbitration Association Website—http://www.adr.org/

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Extraordinary Relief PL 85-804

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Conclusion Wrap-up Questions