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E-mail: jll@uqu.edu.sa

The impact of the external context in directing syntactic meaning in interpreters Quran

Dr. Mahmoud Hassan Al-Jassim Qatar University - College of Arts and Sciences

Department of Arabic Language

ABSTRACT

In his field of study, this research addresses the most famous

exegesis which has a linguistic character, starting with on the book

of Tabari 's exegesis , and ending with that of Abu Hayyan entitled

Al -Bahr Al- Muhit . We have considered in this paper the most

important opinions, and their diachronic , based on linguistic

studies in general

The research begins by specifying the important concepts on

which it is based, such as context, the external environment, the

components of the external environment and the syntactic meaning

This research investigates the effects of external contextual

data in directing syntactic meaning , thus it starts with external

contextual data that accompanied the revelation of the Qur'an , such

as the reasons, the place or time , i.e. it focuses on the effect of

these data on the direction of the syntactic meaning of the text

Then , the research addresses the other elements of the

external environment such as the prophetic tradition and the

historical and social data and discursive ways of Arab and

grammatical rules and the opinions of the ancients

The research focuses on how the receiver processes contextual

components, in particular external, and how it uses this data in the

direction of the syntactic meaning and interpretation that it seeks to

do

This research examines the contextual effects to see how they

participate in the meaning of a specific syntax element, whether at

the sentence level, which is considered as a component of the text,

or at the textual level, as the accuracy of the meaning of certain

textual references as the pronoun or relative or code or the sense of

style etc

Finally, the research results in a set of results , among which

is that the exegetists have considered external contextual data in all

its forms , and these data have influenced the direction of the

syntactic meaning, and these data are mixed with other data , so

that the exegeses have differed in the processing of such data

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ABSTRACT

The word ( ) /maks/ its linguistic origins and its semantic evolution in Arabic language.

This essay aims to find out the origin of the word /maks/ in semantic dictionaries and to follow up it semantic evolution in modern Arabic dictionaries. The study attempts to trace its use in Arabic heritage resources, which include literal, historical, religious and documents issued since the time of the prophet Mohammad (PBU) him to present time.

The study reveals that the word /maks/ and all its derivatives that were used in the Arabic language since the pre- Islamic era came from the Akkadian, Syrian, Hebrew and other languages related to the Arabic tongue.

Through following up the use of the tern, the research,revealsthat the word /maks/ had included various meanings that relatetaxes levied by the state, tribe,or even by individuals since the Assyrian age up until the time when the Ottomans entered the Arab countries at the beginning of the 16th Higri century. /Jomrok/or /komrok/was used offices and other government financial institutions.

This term faded away in official use but it does not disappear completely in the Arab world. It remains in the public memory and commonly used when complaining about new taxes which are considered to be illegal or against Shareaa and so they call them /maks/.

The research adopts the historical descriptive approach in its attempt to indigenize this word and in following its evolution in use which reveals a great diversity in the type of /maks/ imposed on various types of activities in everyday life (religious. Social.economic andurban) at different periods of time. It is commonly used to reflect some form of indignation towards tax collectors and legislators.

Gesenius

MiksuMaksu

MaksMekes)(2

Fraenkel, s.)(1855-1909

Erkki Salonen

Loan Words of Sumerian and

Akkadian Origin In Arabic

MakasaMakasu

MaksMiks

( )Gesenius, Handwö. W.herbraishes und aramaisches handworter buch

Berlin, 1962) p. 422. w. BJörkman, “maks” EI2

Fraenkel,. S; Die Aramaischen Fremdworter in arabischen (Leiden, 1886), p. 283

Retractation with respect to singular , dual ,

and plural forms in the Holy Qur'an A rhetoric study of the structural changes

Abdurrahman Rajaa Allah Alsalmi

English Summary of The Research This research is seeking to study the secrets of retractation ,

and the shift among the word forms of the Holy Qur'an with respect to (singular , dual , and plural ) and their rhetoric effect. The research is also examining the images attained by repeating the number of the text readers in contrast to what had been mentioned in the same context. It is one of the wonderful and stylistic phenomenon of the Holy that surprise the reader and get him astonished as a result of diverting from the context that had been similar thereby attempting to discover the mysteries of such shift and its rhetoric effect within the context of the Holy Qur'an.

Summary

This research entitled " rotation in meaning between compassion: A Study in the Koran," which discusses the idea on behalf of the compassion use of the latest in the Qur'an, or put compassion elsewhere ; intentionally for a specific meaning or special significance. compassion though all share in the meaning or public office, a combination and annexation. the basic principle is that each character, including a special meaning, using the origin of the situation, and is unique to all others, but may modify this originally in the opinion of many scholars in the old and modern behalf compassion for another meaning. The research aims to study this behavior language in the use of conjunctions in the Koran, and try to follow different places, and famous achieved its conjunctions, and then discuss the views of grammarians and commentators in it, as well as the statement of the evidence or different meanings which show this Converting in the meaning of compassion.

The influence of the views of Sibawayh In Arabic phonology

Dr.Khaled Fahmy

Faculty of Arts, University of Menoufia

ABSTRACT This paper addresses the subject is The influence of the views

of Sibawayh In Arabic phonology It is designed to read the dimensions of

this effect The features and characteristics, and the scope of its extension; effort toward examining factors arise.

Search which aims to interrogate the psychological dimension of the rule of the Arab scholars who came after Sibawayh, they are subject to the views and received them with him

shade

Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, by: David Cristal, Cambridge, uni. Press, 1987.

Umm Al-Qura UniversityJournal of Languages and Literatures

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ISSN: 1658 / 4694

Umm Al-Qura University Journal of Languages and Literatures

Volume No. 12Rabl`II 1435Ah. Veb. 2014