j porter intro frameworkprinciples_revised

8/3/2019 J Porter Intro FrameworkPrinciples_revised

1/23

A Framework for

Flood Risk ManagementAn Introduction

Dr John Porter


2/23

A good place to start if we want to prepare a

strategic framework for managing flood risk is

to define flood risk.

What is flood risk?

There is no one definition of flood risk, but one that

proves very useful for a strategic framework is

RISK = HAZARD x EXPOSURE x VULNERABILITY


3/23


4/23


Exposure

Even where a hazard exists,there is no risk unless there areassets that can be damaged,

or there is danger becausepeople live in, work in, orsimply transit through thelocation of flood hazard.

Exposure to flood hazard createsthe potential for personaldanger or property damage tooccur during floods.

BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA


5/23


The consequences of flooding and therefore the risk alsodepends on how vulnerable people and their assets are to danger

and damage.Vulnerability can be reduced if people and authorities: take appropriate precautions in advance of flooding, know what to do to limit danger and damage during floods, and receive adequate warning and appropriate assistance during and

after floods.

FUZHOU, CHINA


6/23

Defining flood risk as


is very useful because the measures we use in floodmanagement can be regarded as modifying

(reducing) one of these 3 key elements of risk.

MODIFYING HAZARD

Flood control dams

Detention basins

Levees or dikes

Flood diversion channelsRiver channelimprovements

Upper watershedmanagement

MODIFYING EXPOSURE

Zoning of land use

Property acquisition

Planning development

controlsBuilding codes

Flood-proofing buildings

Building on platforms orstilts

MODIFYING VULNERABILITY

Flood monitoring and warning

Flood forecasting

Emergency response plans

Community awarenessCommunity preparedness

Post-flood recovery &reconstruction

Flood insurance

STRUCTURAL NON-STRUCTURAL


7/23

This involves land management in addition to water

management.

In normal circumstances there is a clear division

between water and land. Water is contained within

rivers, lakes and other water bodies.

During floods, the water regime expands to

temporarily inundate land which most of the time

can be used for productive purposes.

Therefore, unlike other aspects of water resources

management, flood risk management must embrace

both land use management and water

management.


NOTE ABOUT Exposure to Flood Hazard


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NOTE ABOUT Vulnerability

Many have identified that communities are more vulnerable

to flood risk if there is greater poverty, in

communities with low standards of education,

and in societies with poor governance.


INDUS RIVER, PAKISTAN


9/23

Vulnerability or susceptibility

This is true. Programs aimed at reducing poverty and

improving education and political governance will reduce

vulnerability and flood risk. However, we can introduce anew category for these issues and regard them as issues of

Susceptibility rather than Vulnerability. They are different

because they deal with the ills of society as a whole, are

less specific to flood risk as they affect many other aspects

of community life too. And in that sense, although they are

relevant to management of flood risk, they are not proper

undertakings for flood risk management alone.



10/23

Comprehensive flood risk management must

therefore consider treatment of all three elements

of flood risk:

HAZARD

EXPOSURE

VULNERABILITY


11/23

Consideration of flood risk as the product of

Hazard x Exposure x Vulnerability

only deals with what we do to manage flood risk.

A strategic framework for flood risk management

must also consider how we organize and how we

plan for management of flood risk.It should also consider the impacts of what we do

on the environment and the community.

Therefore, other important dimensions of a strategicmanagement framework are:

INSTITITIONAL FOUNDATION

PLANNING METHODOLOGY or STRUCTURE

EXOGENOUS IMPACTS (social & environmental)


12/23

INSTITUTIONAL FOUNDATION

LEGISLATION

POLICY

ORGANIZATIONAL

STRUCTURE

INSTITUTIONAL

CAPACITY

FUNDING

EDUCATION &

PROFESSIONALTRAINING


13/23


Typically, responsibilities

relevant to floodmanagement arefragmented betweenmultiple governmentagencies. E f f e c t i v e p a r t n e r s h i p

b e t w e e n a g e n c i e sd i r e c t e d t o w a r dc o o r d i n a t e d m a n a g e m e n to f f l o o d r i s k i s o n e o ft h e g r e a t e s t i n s t i t u t i o n a lc h a l l e n g e s .

WROCLAW, POLAND


14/23

PLANNING METHODOLOGY

A well structured method is recommended to capture the

strengths of integrated flood manage-ment through:

rigorous technical analysis,

comprehensive assessment of planning options,

appraisals based on the triple bottom line of

sustainable development (economic viability, social equity

and environmental acceptability),

benefit-cost analysis and

stakeholder participation.


15/23

CONSULTATI

ON

PROCESS

PRELIMINARY PHASE

Identify & Quantify Flood Riskestimate hydrological riskhydraulic model analysismap existing flood hazard & land use

TECHNICAL ANALYSIS

Identify Alternative Flood Management Optionscombinations of structural & non-structural measuresevaluate future riskconsider how to manage residual risk

Appraisal of Impactseconomic analysistangible & intangible social benefits / disbenefits

environment

adverse impacts & opportunitiesrobustness, resilience to future uncertainty

APPRAISAL PHASE

Recommend Preferred Optionrefine analysis; examine assumptionsdocument plan

FLOODMANAGEMENT PLAN

APPROVAL

IMPLEMENTATION

Define Management Objectivescollect data

Understand Planning Contextpopulation characteristicsproperty & infrastructureinstitutional arrangementsplanning instruments

PLANNING

METHODOLOGY


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PLANNING

METHODOLOGY

PLANNING component of the framework

Structured Planning Methodo Definition of management objectives start with desired

outcomes, not a proposed solution

o Understanding of the planning context consider pre-existing plans & local factors

o Identification & quantification of flood risk: technical analyseso Identification & consideration of alternative ways to manage the

flood risk different options comprising packages of FMmeasures

o Appraisal of impacts economic, social & environmental benefits& costs

o Recommendation of a preferred option refinement of solutions;closer examination of assumptions; documentation

o Stakeholder participation opportunity for consultation at eachstep of the process


17/23

PLANNING METHODOLOGY

RIVER BASIN MASTER PLANS

SUB-BASINMASTER PLANS

e.g. - tributaries

- river reaches(over several localgovt jurisdictions)

-lake / wetland

complexes

URBAN DRAINAGE

MASTER PLANS

for internal drainageof cities to mitigateurban flooding

RURAL DRAINAGEMASTER PLANS

to mitigatewaterlogging ofagricultural land

PROJECT PLANNING

to mitigate specificflooding problems,either at single or jointlocal government scale


18/23

EXOGENOUS

IMPACTS

SAFEGUARDS & SUSTAINABILITY

Social impacts may be positiveor negative, and attention mustbe directed during planning anddesign to avoid or mitigateadverse impacts, and enhancebeneficial outcomes. Inparticular, impacts on thosedisplaced or resettled, onindigenous groups, on thedisabled, aged or infirm, or ongender groups need to be

examined and assessed.

Environmental impacts may includeunintentional but foreseeableimpacts on the physical

environment, or on the biosphere.


19/23

EXOGENOUS

IMPACTS

Safeguards:

Environmental protection safeguards

Location and storage of hazardous materials

Involuntary resettlement social safeguards

Indigenous peoples social safeguards

Assessments of the social implications for

gender (womens issues)

Assessments of social implications for disabled,

infirm or disadvantaged persons

Locations of strategic community services


20/23


PLANNING

FLOOD HAZARD

EXPOSURE

VULNERABILITY

Flood Control Works

Structural planning & design

Asset maintenance:

monitoring condition

rehabilitation /upgrading

funding

Operations:decision support systems

communications systems

data acquisition networks

integration with WR management

env.management

Catchment ManagementSoil conservation

Upland land use management

Land Use Management

flood hazard zoning

land use planning controls

property acquisitions

resettlement

Flood forecasting

hydrological models

hydraulic models & DTMs

flood hazard maps

data acquisition networks

Flood warning & emergency response

communications systemspreparedness exercises

decision support systems

Post-flood recovery

support services: health, counseling

material support: food, shelter

infrastructure repairs

financial assistance & incentivescompensation / flood insurance

Land Use Management

building regulations

River basin master plans

Project proposal planning & appraisal: risk assessment: appraisal of alternative options

Planning for emergency responsePlanning for post-flood recovery

Urban drainage master plansRural drainage master plans

Partnerships: across levels of government Restructuring: enhancing coordination

between different levels of governmentLegislation: clarifying mandates Training / awareness / capacity building


21/23

ENVIRONMENTAL

SAFEGUARDS

SOCIAL

SAFEGUARDS

GENDER

ISSUES

INDIGENOUS

PEOPLES

SAFEGUARDS

COMMUNITY CONSULTATION


22/23

Key requirements to make it effective are

LEGISLATION THAT CLEARLY DELEGATES ROLES ANDRESPONSIBILITIES

A KEY COORDINATION ROLE MANDATED FOR ONE LEADAGENCY IN FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT (or DISASTERRISK MANAGEMENT) WITH STRONG POWERS TOOBLIGE PARTICIPATION BY ALL STAKEHOLDERS INJOINT PLANNING

BROADER STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION THROUGHCOMMUNITY CONSULTATION DURING THE PLANNINGPROCESS

There is the strategic framework for flood risk management.

A sound institutional foundation is of crucial importance.


23/23

THANK YOU

THE END

MANILA PHILIPPINES

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