j. parker emphysema presentation powerpoint
DESCRIPTION
Presentation for Medic ClassTRANSCRIPT
EMPHYSEMA
Emphysema Is A Common Disease
Affects 2 out of 1,000 people
1.8 million Americans in the United States have
emphysema.
Emphysema is ranked 15th among chronic
conditions or diseases which limit people’s daily
activity
More common in men vs. women
Studies show that the amount of women with the disease is gradually increasing
44% of people with emphysema have reported that their daily activities have been greatly limited due to the disease
Emphysema is a lung disease that is classified as a COPD. (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
There are several things that cause emphysema
It can be inherited
Prolonged exposure to environmental toxins
and...........
The #1 cause is cigarette smoking
82% of cases are related to smoking
Pathophysiology of Emphysema Continued exposure to
noxious substances, such as cigarette smoke, causes destruction of the walls of the alveoli
The alveolar membrane
surface area decreases, thus
lessening the area available
for gas exchange
Progressive loss of the respiratory membrane results in an increased ratio of air to lung tissue
Diffusion defects start to occur
The number of pulmonary capillaries in the lung
is decreased and that increases the resistance
to pulmonary blood flow
Pulmonary hypertension then occurs
Right heart failure may
occur
Cor pulmonale
(hypertrophy of the right
ventricle)
DEATH
Causes weakening of the walls of the small bronchioles and alveoli.
When the walls are destroyed, the
lungs loose their capacity to recoil
and air becomes trapped in the
lungs
Residual volume increases
Vital capacity remains about
normal
The destroyed lung tissue (called
blebbs) results in alveolar collapse
To counteract alveolar collapse, patients tend to breath through pursed lips.
This creates a continued
positive pressure and
prevents alveolar collapse
PaO2 further decreases, which may lead to increased red blood cell production and polycythemia (an excess of red blood cells)
PaCO2 also increases and becomes chronically elevated
The body then depends on the hypoxic drive to control
respirations
Emphysema is characterized by irreversible airway
obstruction
Signs And Symptoms
Shortness of breath
Wheezing
Chronic mucus production (chronic bronchitis)
Constant coughing or need to clear the throat
Most Common Health Complications
Respiratory tract infections
Pneumonia
Respiratory failure
Death
Physical Changes
The most common physical change may be in the chest, which takes on a barrel-like appearance
Bluish discoloration of the
lips and nail beds
Swelling and increased fluid
in the lungs
Treatment
Bronchodilators
Oxygen
Lung Transplant (very
few patients qualify)
Prevention
Live away from polluted urban areas
#1 prevention is to STOP SMOKING