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L = NHf

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Williams (1988)

Latitude

Pres

sure

W3D*(+,*30,'

I8,T(+,*30,'

Latitude

Pres

sure

Fast rotation

Slow rotation

Latitude

Pres

sure

Fast rotation

Slow rotation

243 1 10

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Hadley cell

Ferrel cell

Polar cell

Easterly wind

Westerly wind

Earth Venus

Mars Titan

Summer

Winter

Easterly wind

Westerly windHadley cell

Ferrel cell

Super-rotation

Super-rotation

•! A"%X ?%X (•! B%H%S4 !HAHS4

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Taylor–Proudman theorem•! In a fluid that is steadily rotated, the fluid velocity will be

uniform along any line parallel to the axis of rotation.

d! v dt

+ 2! " #! v + 1

$%p +%& = 0

Momentum equation in rotational frame

Assuming non-compressivity and d/dt=0, the curl is applied to give

! " # $

! v = 0

Taking z-axis along the planet’s rotational axis,

"! v "z

= 0

z

yz

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Atmospheres of Synchronously Rotating Terrestrial Planets Orbiting M Dwarfs (Joshi et al., 1997)

•! Planets within the habitable zones of M dwarfs are likely to be synchronous rotators; in other words, one side is permanently illuminated while the other side is in perpetual darkness.

•! Simulation with a rotation rate similar to that of Titan

<3-530_7(047(/,'D*3'*(,K(4,-7+'(b7'.D(3*4,DPO7+7

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Surface air temperature Cloudiness

Surface level winds

4(5+$'+(67+89:;<=+>4(2+?$*@2+'A$+B-2'+A(C"'(C6$+D&-6#+&E+&@-+2&6(-+252'$0F+>

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