iwp conference 2008, sheffield the nomological network of proactivity: a meta-analytic investigation...

IWP Conference 2008, Sheffield

The Nomological Network of Proactivity:

A Meta-Analytic Investigation

Katharina TornauNadine Kunze

University of Giessen, Germany

Paper symposium: New Directions in Proactive Behaviour Research

IWP Conference 2008, Sheffield 19.06.2008

Proactivity research so far…

• … has received considerable interest but appears fragmented and unsystematic (Grant & Ashford, forthcoming).

• Numerous proactivity concepts have been introduced but mostly isolated from similar concepts and research streams.

• Call for more integrative research and the identification of general and common dynamics of proactivity (Grant &

Ashford, forthcoming; Parker & Collins, in press).


Objectives of This Study

Empirical integration of research findings by using meta-analysis technique

1. Magnitude of relationships between various proactivity concepts: Personal Initiative, Proactive Personality, Voice, and Taking Charge

2. Nomological network of proactivity concepts:

• Magnitude of relationships

• Pattern of relationships

3. Generalizability of relationships: Moderator analyses


1. Relationships between Proactivity Concepts

PI r/rc

PP r/rc

VOI r/rc

TC r/rc

PI

k; n

-

PP

k; n

.34; .96 -

VOI

k; n

.30 .17/.20

3; 614 -

TC

k; n

.29 .28/.30

2; 445

.59/.57

3; 806 -

r=uncorrected mean effect size; rc=sample size weighted mean effect size; k=number of samples; n=total sample size


2. Nomological Network (1)

PI r/rc

PP r/rc

VOI r/rc

TC r/rc

Age

k; n

.10/.11

9; 2405

.06/.06

7; 2089

.04/-.02

3; 1088

.07/.05

4; 619

Gender*

k; n

-.11/.06

13; 4002

-.03/.01

7; 1967

-.07/-.10

5; 1319

-.05/-.05

4; 619

Tenure

k; n

.05/.03

8; 2446

.15/.15

6; 1238

.06/.00

6; 1547

.04/-.15

3; 447

Education

k; n

.05/.07

10; 2869

.15/.19

4; 1216

*1=male; 2=female



PI r/rc

PP r/rc

VOI r/rc

TC r/rc

Conscient.

k; n

.44/.44

5; 890

.30/.29

6; 934

.17/.18

4; 752

Neuroticism

k; n

-.29/-.32

3; 349 -.16/-.17

5; 754

-.06/-.10

3; 458

Satisfaction

k; n

.23/.17

6; 1350

.18/.19

7; 1582 .10/.17

3; 877

Performance

k; n

.23/.23

18; 2890

.20/.19

14; 2518

.21/.19

6; 1448

.38/.25

4; 519



• Personal initiative and…extraversion (.36/.35); agreeableness (.12/.13); positive affect (.42/.39); job autonomy (.33/.30); job control (.28/.27); self-efficacy (.27/.23); GMA (.20/.22); innovativeness (.30/.23); org. commitment (.26/.24)

• Proactive Personality and…extraversion (.28/.28); agreeableness (-.01; -.01); role-breadth self-efficacy (.41/.40); learning GO (.54/.50); performance-prove GO (.35/.28); org. commitment (.23/.23)

• Taking Charge and…felt responsibility for change (.45/.52)


3. Generalizability of Effect Sizes

Moderators of the relationships:

• Measurement method (questionnaire vs. interview)

• Source of information (self vs. peers vs. supervisors)

• Nature of correlations (cross-sectional vs. longitudinal)

• Aggregation of similar concepts:• e.g., personal initiative vs. individual Initiative (OCB) vs.

personal growth initiative

• e.g., indicators for performance: supervisory rating vs. objective performance data vs. proxies of performance (e.g., grades, number of employment interviews)


Steps to take…

• Identify additional studies for presented relationships

• Consider additional proactivity concepts (e.g., active feedback seeking)

• Include unpublished studies

• Identify and test moderators

• Ultimate goal: Create meta-analytic correlation matrix and test causal model of proactivity process


Preliminary Conclusion

• Personal initiative and proactive personality seem to have attracted most research activities; but more studies needed, particularly on voice and taking charge

• Substantial correlations for most proactivity concepts with:• Conscientiousness and self-efficacy

• Org. commitment and job performance

• Different (magnitude of) relationships for different proactivity concepts:

• Agreeableness: PI vs. PP, Gender: PI vs. PP vs. VOI/TC

• Conscientiousness: PI vs. PP vs. VOI

IWP Conference 2008, Sheffield

For further information and for (unpublished) proactivity studies to be included in the meta-analysis:

Katharina Tornau

[email protected]

iwp conference 2008, sheffield the nomological network of proactivity: a meta-analytic investigation...

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