IUTAM SYMPOSIUM ON DISCRETIZATION METHODS IN STRUCfURAL MECHANICS

SOLID MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS

Volume 68

Series Editor: G.M.L. GLADWELL Solid Mechanics Division, Faculty 0/ Engineering University o/Waterloo Waterloo, Ontario, CanadaN2L3Gl

Aims and Scope of the Series

The fundamental questions arising in mechanics are: Why?, How?, and How much? The aim of this series is to provide lucid accounts written by authoritative research­ers giving vision and insight in answering these questions on the subject of mechanics as it relates to solids.

The scope of the series covers the entire spectrum of solid mechanics. Thus it includes the foundation of mechanics; variational formulations; computational mechanics; statics, kinematics and dynamics of rigid and elastic bodies; vibrations of solids and structures; dynamical systems and chaos; the theories of elasticity, plasticity and viscoelasticity; composite materials; rods, beams, shells and membranes; structural control and stability; soils, rocks and geomechanics; fracture; tribology; experimental mechanics; biomechanics and machine design.

The median level of presentation is the fIrst year graduate student. Some texts are monographs defIning the current state of the fIeld; others are accessible to fmal year undergraduates; but essentially the emphasis is on readability and clarity.

For a list o/related mechanics titles, see final pages.

IUTAM Symposium on

Discretization Methods in Structural Mechanics Proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium held in Vienna, Austria, 2-6 June 1997

Editedby

H.A.MANG

Institute for Strength of Materials, Vienna University ofTechnology, Austria

and

F. G. RAMMERSTORFER

Institute ofLightweight Structures and Aerospace Engineering, Vienna University ofTechnology, Austria

SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.

A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

ISBN 978-94-010-5942-8 ISBN 978-94-011-4589-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-4589-3

Printed on acid-free paper

Ali rights reserved ©1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1999 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover Ist edition 1999 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrleval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.

CONTENTS

Preface

Committees and Sponsors

Opening Address

Discretization Strategies, Adaptive Methods Recovery Procedures in Error Estimation and Adaptivity o . C. Zienkiewicz, B. Boroomand and J. Z. Zhu

Integrated Solution- and Model-Adaptivity in Finite-Element-Analysis

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of Plates and Shells 13 E. Stein and S. Ohnimus

Three-Dimensional Shell Formulation and Elements for Large Deformations 27 M Bischoff and E. Ramm

An Adaptive Finite Element Method for Large Deformation Frictional Contact Problems 35 O. Scherf and P. Wriggers

Adaptive Methods for Nonlinear FE Analysis of Thin-Walled Structures 43 F. Cirak and E. Ramm

Efficient Discretisation Methods for the Numerical Simulation in Geomechanics 53 G. Beer

Large Displacements and Rotations

Traversing Limit Points in Nonlinear Structural Analysis Using Efficient Iterative Equation Solvers 61 K. Schweizerhof, Th. Rottner, G. Alefeld and I. Lenhardt

Computation of Global Equilibrium Paths 71 Zs. Gaspar and G. Domokos

New Thin Plate and Shell Triangles with Translational Degrees of Freedom Only 79 E. Onate and F. Zarate

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Dynamics

Finite Elements with Nonlinear Statics and Dynamics M. A. Crisfield, G. lelenic and U. Galvanetto

Numerical Treatment of the Dynamic Soil-Structure-Fluid Interaction of Unanchored Liquid Storage Tanks W. Wunderlich and M. Rapolder

Control of Global Relative Error of Spatial-Temporal Discretization in Dynamic Analysis Ch.-K. Choi and H-l. Chung

Nonlinear Structural Dynamic Analysis by a Discontinuous Galerkin Finite Element Method N.-E. Wiberg and X D. Li

Seismic Response of Concrete Gravity Dams - A Continuum Damage Mechanics Approach S. Valliappan and M. Yazdchi

On Non-Linear Static and Dynamic Thin Shell Analysis F. B. Damjanic

Numerically Efficient Formulation of the Equations of Motion of Tethered Satellite Systems W. Poth, M. Schagerl, A. Steindl, W. Steiner and H. Troger

Novel Alternative Numerical Methods

A Field Boundary Element Formulation for Axisymmetric Finite Strain Elastoplasticity G. Kuhn and 0. Kohler

On the Computation of Derivatives up to the Boundary and Recovery Techniques in BEM W. L. Wendland, H Schulz and Ch. Schwab

Parallel Computing with Free Mesh Method: Virtually Meshless FEM G. Yagawa, T Yamada and T Furukawa

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165

Multigrid Approach to Adaptive Analysis of B.V. Problems by the Meshless GFDM 173 1. Orkisz, P. Lezanski and P. Przybylski

Hybrid-Trefftz Finite Element Formulations Based on the Fundamental Solution 181 V. Kompis and 1. Bury

Hybrid Neural-Network/Computational Programs to the Analysis of Elastic-Plastic Structures Z. Waszczyszyn, E. Pabisek and G. Mucha

Crack Detection by E1astostatic Measurements G. E. Stavroulakis and H Antes

Sensitivity Analysis and Optimisation

Recent Advances in Sensitivity Analysis for Nonlinear Structural Mechanics

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Problems 207 A. K. Noor and J. M. Peters

Some Aspects ofFEM Application for Sensitivity Analysis of Quasi-Brittle Fracture Conditions 217 N. V. Banichuk and V. V. Saurin

Contact Problems and FEIBE Coupling

A Symmetric Coupled FE-BE Method for Vibrating Structures Interacting with an Acoustic Fluid 225 Z. S. Chen, G. Hofstetter and H A. Mang

Dynamic Inelastic Soil-Structure Interaction Using a Hybrid BEMIFEM Scheme 233 G. D. Pavlatos and D. E. Beskos

Application of the Finite Element Method to the Analysis of Automobile Tires 241 H-J.Payer, G. Meschke and H .A. Mang

Micromechanics and Composites

Automated Multiscale Fracture Analysis J. Fish, M. S. Shephard and M. W. Beall

Multiscale Treatment of Inhomogeneous Materials by Finite Elements H J. Bohm, C. M. Chimani, H E. Pettermann, A. F. Plankensteiner and F. G. Rammerstorfer

Global Non-Linear Behaviour of Periodic Composite Materials B. A. Schrefler, U. Galvanetto, C. Pellegrino and F. Ohmenhiiuser

Discretization Concepts for Solid - Solid Phase Transforming Materials G. Reisner and F. D. Fischer

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Strategies for the Finite Element Analysis of Nonlinear Composite Structures 281 W. Wagner and F. Gruttmann

Composite Beam Dynamics Under Conditions of Inelastic Interface Slip 291 C. Adam, H. Irschik and F. Ziegler

Finite Element Analysis of Delamination Growth 299 S. Rinderknecht and B. Kroplin

Plasticity and Damage

Numerical Solution of Problems of Cyclic Plasticity 1. Babuska and Y. Li

Performance of Enhanced Low-Order Elements for Plastic Continua R. de Borst, A. E. Groen and o. M. Heeres

Mesh Alignment Strategy for Localisation Problems N. Bicanic, C. J. Pearce and L. J. Sluys

Finite Strain Elastoplasticity with Finite Elements Applied to Industrial Forming-Modelling and Discretization Problems A. Samuelsson, K. Mattiasson and U. Wendt

Numerical Simulation of Inelastic Structural Crack-Damage W. B. Kriitzig and C. Konke

Aspects of Large-Strain Thermoplastic Analysis of Shell-Like Structures C. Miehe and S. Schley

Finite Element Models of Multifactoral Physico Mechanical Problems A. G. Ugodchikov and N. A. Ugodchikov

Concluding Remarks

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PREFACE

The JUT AMlIACM Symposium on Discretization Methods in Structural Mechanics was held in Vienna, Austria, from 2nd to 6th June 1997. The site of the Symposium was the "Theatersaal" of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. The Symposium was attended by 71 persons from 23 countries. In addition, several Austrian graduate students and research associates participated in the meeting.

In the 5-day Symposium a total of 48 papers were presented. All of them were invited and accorded equal weight in the programme. The following topics were covered:

• Error-controlled adaptivity of finite element methods • Large deformations and buckling, including inelastic deformations • Inelastic brittle or ductile localization, phase transition and system failure, resulting

from monotonic, cyclic or impact loading • Sensitivity analysis and inverse problems with special emphasis on identification of

material parameters • Development of linear and nonlinear finite element methods for thin-walled structures

and composites • Implicit integration schemes for nonlinear dynamics • Coupling of rigid and deformable structures; fluid-structures and acoustic-structure

interaction • Competitive numerical methods (finite element methods, boundary element methods,

coupling ofthese two methods) • Identification of material and structural data.

Comments on details of the treatment of these topics are contained in the Concluding Remarks. The Editors would like to express their appreciation to E. Stein who has prepared these Concluding Remarks.

The lectures and their discussions clearly showed the remarkable evolution of "Discrete Methods in Structural Mechanics" since the first IUT AMlIACM Symposium on this topic in 1989. Several new aspects have come into focus since that time. Many of them were stimulated by challenging requirements resulting from high-tech applications. It was particularly rewarding to find that researchers both from the area of constitutive modeling and from the field of computational structural mechanics came to a consensus concerning the need of a better synthesis of efforts in both areas for the ultimate purpose of improving the quality of structures. It was no less rewarding to observe the rapidly growing acceptance of quality control of numerical analyses by means of adaptive finite element methods.

This Volume contains 41 papers, reflecting only the content of the respective lectures. Much to the regret of the Scientific Committee some manuscripts were not submitted. All the papers contained herein have been reviewed to the standard of leading scientific

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journals. The Editors would like to acknowledge the great efforts on behalf of both the authors and the reviewers.

The Editors particularly wish to thank the Bureau of IUT AM, the Executive Council of IACM, and the International Scientific Committee. Part of the success of the Symposium is a consequence of the excellent facilities provided by the Austrian Academy of Sciences. The organizers would like to express their appreciation to M. Milletich from the Academy and to her staff for the great efforts related to the conference facilities.

The smooth running of the Symposium owes much to the initiative and the organizational skills of Th. Huemer, R. Lackner, and G. Meschke from the Institute for Strength of Materials (TV Vienna), and G. Liebenauer, R. Frohner, and H.J. Bohm from the Institute of Lightweight Structures and Aerospace Engineering (TU Vienna).

Finally, the Editors would like to express their gratitude to the sponsoring organizations who have supported the Symposium financially, namely, the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (lUT AM), the International Association for Computational Mechanics (IACM), the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science and Transport, the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Creditanstalt Wien Rilkeplatz, the Institute for Strength of Materials, and the Institute of Lightweight Structures and Aerospace Engineering, both of the Vienna University of Technology.

Vienna, August 1998 H.A. Mang and F.G. Rammerstorfer

International Scientific Committee

T. Kawai (Japan)

G. Kuhn (Germany)

H.A. Mang (Austria)

IT. Oden (USA)

E. Onate (Spain)

E. Stein (Germany)

F.G. Rammerstorfer (Austria)

F. Ziegler (Austria)

Sponsors

International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (IUTAM)

International Association for Computational Mechanics (IACM)

IUT AMlIACM Working Party on Computational Mechanics

Austrian Academy of Sciences

Austrian Federal Ministry of Science and Transport

Creditanstalt Wien Rilkeplatz, Austria

Institute for Strength of Materials Vienna University of Technology, Austria

Institute of Lightweight Structures and Aerospace Engineering Vienna University of Technology, Austria

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OPENING ADDRESS by the former Secretary General of IUT AM

Mr. Chainnan, Mr. President of IACM, distinguished Colleagues, Ladies and Gentlemen,

On behalf of the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics it is my duty as the ex officio member of the Scientific Committee, and my pleasure to welcome you at the JUTAMlIACMjoint Symposium on Discretization Methods in Structural Mechanics II.

The proposal to arrange this follow-up joint Symposium was accepted in August 1994 by the General Assembly of JUT AM in Amsterdam upon recommendation by the Symposia Panel on Solid Mechanics. Since that time both chainnen, Professor Herbert A. Mang and Professor Franz G. Rammerstorfer, have done an excellent job in preparing the scientific program. The chainnen have been advised by the Scientific Committee in selecting and inviting participants from all over the world. Sometimes there are some misunderstandings concerning the appointment of the Scientific Committee by the JUT AM Bureau: If you look back to the first JUT AM/IACM Symposium on Discretization Methods in Structural Mechanics held in Vienna in 1989, to mention just the Symposium on exactly the same subject, you see different members of the Scientific Committees with relatively little overlap with the current one: Prof. T. Kawai, Prof. G. Kuhn, Prof. H.A. Mang, Prof. J.T. Oden, Prof. E. Onate, Prof. F.G. Rammerstorfer, Prof. E. Stein, Prof. F. Ziegler (ex officio), and Prof. O.C. Zienkiewicz.

During the 19th ICT AM in Kyoto in 1996 a booklet "Fifty Years of Impulse to Mechanics", published by Kluwer, was made available, shedding new light on the 50 years of existence of IUT AM. However, the quadrennial Congresses span already over three quarters of this century. It was the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) that suggested to transfonn the Congress of Applied Mechanics into a Union. It was Pmfessor Jan Burger who sent out this invitation. In its meeting during the VIth Congress in Paris in September 1946 the president, Professor H. Villat, and the French delegates (including the famous Professor Maurice Roy) developed much sympathy with this plan, so that a decision was reached. Since that time mechanics plays an "independent" role in the concert of sciences. Presently, we are eager to find distinguished colleagues who, being convinced of the importance of mechanics, are willing to promote the Union even more rigorously.

The value and quality of JUT AM is best reflected by eight to ten annual Symposia. IUT AM has recently established a Working Party on "Computational Mechanics" in co-operation with its largest and most important affiliated organization, namely IACM, affiliated since 1984. We are very happy to have this series of meetings and proceedings in the field of computational structural mechanics. There are many more meetings referring to this important subject. Some people even speak of an inflation. However, the quality of IUTAM-sponsored Symposia is hardly reached elsewhere. I refer in this aspect also to the forthcoming IUTAM-Symposium on Computational Method in Unbounded Domains, to be held in Boulder in early August 1997. The IUTAM Newsletter lists all Symposia. It is available free of charge from the Secretary General bye-mail: iutam@ucd.ie. Infonnation

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on the published Proceedings of IUT AM-Symposia is contained in the Annual Report of IUT AM, a bound volume, which is also available free of charge. Despite there is a strict rule that only papers presented orally are eligible for publication in the Symposium Proceedings, a review process of the final papers has become mandatory.

We look forward to a well-balanced Scientific Program consisting of 16 Sessions. I am especially happy to see sessions devoted to evolving fields and those gaining importance in practical applications such as FEIBE Coupling, Sensitivity Analysis, and Optimization. The Session Chairmen are invited to stimulate the discussions. There are 30 minutes allocated to each presentation, and at least 5 minutes must be reserved for a discussion. The success of the Symposium depends on the presence of the invited participants during the whole tenure of the Symposium. In the past it was clearly understood that this is implied by the formulation "Participation on invitation only".

Computational Mechanics will play an adequate role at the 20th ICT AM, Chicago, 27 August - 2 September 2000, where not only the turn of the century will be celebrated but also joint efforts of IUT AM and IACM will be promoted. I take this opportunity to call upon you personally to submit suggestions for Minisymposia and for Prenominated Sessions to one of the members of the Working Party WP6, Professors E.R. de Arantes e Oliveira (IUTAM), IT. Oden (lACM), H.A. Mang, T. Belytschko and P. Ladeveze.

The next General Assembly of IUT AM will be held on 29/30 August 1998 in Stuttgart. Decisions concerning future IUTAM-Symposia for the years 2000/2001 will be made depending on the quality of the proposals received and the recommendations of the two IUT AM-Symposia Panels. It would be a good idea to consider the future of joint Symposia in the field of Computational Mechanics in the tenure of our Symposium.

We shall start with an exciting session with the invited lecture given by one of the prominent founders of Computational Mechanics, Professor Zienkiewicz, after concluding the Opening Session with the address by Professor Samuelsson, President of IACM.

Thank you for your kind attention.

Franz Ziegler