itu-t activities and standards (l.1400, l.1410) on ict and climate change takafumi hashitani itu-t...

ITU-T activities and standards (L.1400, L.1410) on

ICT and Climate Change

Takafumi Hashitani ITU-T Study Group 5,

Q.18 Associate [email protected]

ITU Workshop on “Bridging the Standardization Gap”

(Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, 30-31 July 2012)

L.1400: Overview and general principles of methodologies for assessing the environmental impact of ICT

L.1410:Methodology for environmental impact assessment of information and communication technologies (ICT) goods, networks and services

Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, 30-31 July 2012

Q18: Methodology of environmental impact assessment of ICT

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Committed to Connecting the World

Background IntroductionThe Life Cycle Analysis approachRecommendation L.1400 Overview and general principlesRecommendation L.1410 ICT Goods, Networks and ServicesRecommendation L.1420 ICT in OrganizationsRecommendation L.1430 ICT ProjectsRecommendation L.1440 ICT in CitiesConclusions

Agenda


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The installation of the solar photovoltaic system in my home.

This short presentation will become help that clarifies why the methodology of an environmental assessment is necessary.

The introduction of this part (8sheets) is not published in ITU WEB site.

☞ Please focus on the screen.

Before Backgraund: My activity

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Source: IPCC 4th evaluation report (Integrated report) (November 2007)

Current State of Global Warming

Compared to the end of the 20th century, the average global ground temperature in the 21st century is predicted to increase by about 1.8˚C(1.1-2.9˚C) in societies realizing both environment conservation and economic growth on a global scale, and by about 4.0˚C(2.4-6.4˚C) in societies realizing high economic growth while placing importance on fossil energy.

Efforts to reduce greenhouse gases are being implemented worldwide to achieve the targets established for the Kyoto Protocol first commitment period (2008 to 2012).

( 年 ) <Increase in annual average temperature in 21st century (comparison with 1980 to 1999)>*Increases in 2090 to 2099 based on 1980 to 1999

<Increase in ground temperature (comparison with 1980 to 1999)>Year


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Global Warming Issues and ICT

ICT itself produces CO2 emissions through consumption of electric power to operate equipment / systems.

On the other hand, ICT usage can contribute to a reduction in CO2 emissions through a marked

improvement in efficiency in regarding production, consumption, and business activities, also in traffic alter

natives, and a reduction in traffic volume.

Contribute to tackling global warming issues by promoting spread of ICT use

Improvement of energy use efficiency

Improved efficiency in production and consumption of products

Reduced movement of people and products

Environmental measurement and predictions

• ＩＴＳ (Intensive control of ETC, VICS, and traffic lights)

• BEMS(Building energy management system)• HEMS(Household energy management system)

• Supply chain management • e-publication and distribution • Paperless office

• Radar for measuring CO2

• Sensing network • Global simulator

• Online shopping, online trading • Telework, TV conferencing• Music, video, and software distribution • e-application (tax declaration, online receipt)

Use of ICT

General households

Offices/shops

Production/distribution/

transportation


・ The first Focus Group meeting concerning climate change was held on 1-3 September. Furthermore, plans for research on measures against climate change for the next study period (2009 to 2012) will be developed at WTSA-08 in Johannesburg in October.

・ Dates: April 14 to 15, 2008 ・ Venue: Kyoto International Conference Center ・ Organizers: MIC of Japan, ITU ・ Objective: In response to the UN secretary-general’s request that ITU, as the UN agency specializing in the

telecommunications sector, investigate how ICTs can be used to combat climate change, this symposium was organized to share understandings on the relationship between ICTs and climate change and discuss future ITU activities.

・ Participants: Approx. 220 representatives of the private sector, research institutes, international organizations and governments of 23 countries

・ Chairman: Mr. Takashi Hanazawa, Senior VP, Director, R&D Planning Dept, NTT

・ The ICT sector produces some 2% of total CO2 emissions. The use of ICTs can help reduce the remaining 98% produced by other sectors. Furthermore, ICTs play a vital role in the monitoring of and adaptation to climate change. ・ Initiatives toward energy-saving for equipment and systems as well as initiatives for the best use of ICTs should be promoted. ・ Methodologies for evaluating CO2 emissions reductions through the use of ICT should be standardized. To conduct research for that purpose, a Focus Group open to non-members should be established.

1. Outline of the Symposium

ITU Kyoto Symposium on ICTs and Climate Change

2. Summary of Chairman’s Report

3. ITU

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Co-operations include on methodologies :

ITU, The UN agency responsible for ICT193 Member States and more than 700 Sector Members

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ITU-T Study Group Environment and Climate ChangeQuestion on methodologies

3 recommendations published3 recommendations under preparation

L.1400 Overview and general principles http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-L.1400L.1410 Environmental impact of ICT goods, networks and serviceshttp://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-L.1410L.1420 Environmental impact of ICT in organisationshttp://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-L.1420

L.1430 Environmental impact of ICT projects (consent expected in 2012)L.1440 Environmental impact of ICT in cities (consent expected in 2013)L.1450 Environmental impact of ICT in countries (consent expected in 2013)

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BackgroundIntroductionThe Life Cycle Analysis approachRecommendation L.1400 Overview and general principlesRecommendation L.1410 ICT Goods, Networks and ServicesRecommendation L.1420 ICT in OrganizationsRecommendation L.1430 ICT ProjectsRecommendation L.1440 ICT in CitiesConclusions

Agenda

Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, 30-31 July 2012 12


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Positive and Negative aspect on Environment

Environmental aspects of ICT

Dematerialization (digitization of information)

Reduction of movement and transportation

Making industry and lifestyles more efficient etc.

Consumption of energy Consumption of natural resources Generation of waste

Negative Aspects on Environment Positive Aspects on Environment

Minimization towardsEnvironmentally

Sustainable ICT Sector

Maximization towardsEnvironmentally

Sustainable Society

Should quantify both environmental aspects. Should quantify both environmental aspects.

Environmental loadreduction achieved

by ICT

Environmental load

caused by ICT

Dematerialization (digitization of information)

Reduction of movement and transportation

Making industry and lifestyles more efficient etc.

Consumption of energy Consumption of natural resources Generation of waste

Negative Aspects on Environment Positive Aspects on Environment

Minimization towardsEnvironmentally

Sustainable ICT Sector

Maximization towardsEnvironmentally

Sustainable Society

Should quantify both environmental aspects. Should quantify both environmental aspects.

Environmental loadreduction achieved

by ICT

Environmental load

caused by ICT

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Source: Gartner/HP/McKinsey/WWF

CO2

emission

ICT Governor’s Meeting

Non-ICT

98%

ICT

2%

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Source: Gartner/HP/McKinsey/WWF

ICT Governor’s Meeting

ICT

2%

Non-ICT

98%

CO2

emission

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Reduction in movement of people and goods- Teleconferences -

Reduction in volume of goods consumed- Electronic account settlement -

Improve energy efficiency- ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems) -

Effective use of space- Stock control -

Reduce Environmental impact By ICTReduce Environmental impact By ICT

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What is LCA? What is LCA for?

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The increased awareness of the importance of environmental protection, and the possible impacts associated with products, both manufactured and consumed, has increased interest in the development of methods to better understand and address these impacts. One of the techniques being developed for this purpose is life cycle assessment (LCA).LCA can assist in

⎯ identifying opportunities to improve the environmental performance of products at various points in their life cycle,

⎯ informing decision-makers in industry, government or non-government organizations (e.g. for the purpose of strategic planning, priority setting, product or process design or redesign),

⎯ the selection of relevant indicators of environmental performance, including measurement techniques, and

⎯ marketing (e.g. implementing an ecolabelling scheme, making an environmental claim, or producing an environmental product declaration).For practitioners of LCA, ISO 14044 details the requirements for conducting an LCA. 17


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LCA Framework

Direct applications of the results of LCA or LCI studies, i.e. the applications intended in the goal and scope definition of the LCA or LCI study, are depicted in this Figure

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To provide an assessment of the environmental

impact of a product system as a basis for

improving it

To understand the relative importance of different

life cycle stages /activities - where to put best

efforts for improvement

To monitor performance improvements over time

Benefits of an LCA approach

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ISO has standardized the Life Cycle Assessment

methodology with the publication in 2006 of 2

documents

ISO 14040 “Environmental management- Life cycle

assessment-Principles and framework”

ISO 14044 ”Environmental management- Life –cycle

assessment- Requirements and guidelines”


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Limitations of LCA

“LCA addresses potential environmental impact: LCA does not predict absolute or precise environmental impacts due to the relative expression of potential impacts to a reference unit, the integration of environmental data over space and time, the inherent uncertainty in modeling environmental impacts, and the fact that some possible environmental impacts are clearly future impacts”

ISO 14040: 2006 Section 4.3 21



Agenda


L.1400: Overview and general principles of methodologies for assessing the environmental impact of ICT

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L.1400 purpose

The Recommendation ITU-T L.1400 presents general principles on

assessing the environmental impact of information and

communication technologies (ICT) and outlines the different

methodologies that are being developed:

• Assessment of the environmental impact of ICT goods, networks,

and services

• Assessment of the environmental impact of ICT in organizations

• Assessment of the environmental impact of ICT projects

• Assessment of the environmental impact of ICT in cities

• Assessment of the environmental impact of ICT in countries or

group of countries.

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L.1400 : Environmental impact categories

The following categories of environmental impacts are commonly assessed:

• Global warming potential

or greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions

• Energy consumption

• Raw material depletion

• Water depletion

• Ozone depletion

• Air toxic emissions

• Photochemical ozone creation

• Air acidification

• Water eutrophication

• Water toxic emissions

• Hazardous waste generation

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The series of ITU-T Recommendations on methodology will focus on both Greenhouse gas emissions and Energy consumption .

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L.1400 : Energy consumption and GHG emissions

The series of ITU-T Recommendations on methodology focus, for their first

versions, on both energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.

This selection has been carried out in the context of two key concern areas:

• Oil production peak: an important number of experts consider that we

are approaching a peak or rather a wavy plateau in the world's

conventional oil production. After this period, which could start before

2020, the world's conventional oil production will decrease. It is expected

that the price of energy will rise and security of supply will get harder in

that context.

• Climate Change due to human activities: the IPCC (Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change) considers that the impact of anthropogenic

greenhouse gas on the Earth's climate change is very likely.

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L.1400 : General principles to follow (1/2)

Assessment of environmental impacts should be performed on a full life-cycle perspective for goods, networks and services

Boundaries should be selected, quoted, documented and made available for verification

Quantification methodologies should be selected, quoted, documented and made available for verification

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L.1400 : General principles to follow (2/2)

Reliable data should be researched. Used data should be quoted, documented and made available for verification

Bias and uncertainties should be documented and reduced as far as it is practicable

It should be noted that results of assessments may vary significantly depending upon the selection of boundaries, the quantification methodologies selected and data used

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Agenda


L.1410:Methodology for environmental impact assessment of information and communication technologies (ICT) goods, networks and services

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It is a Recommendation that complements ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 and provides guidance on how to assess environmental impacts of ICT Goods, Networks and Services

It has been built with a large number of representatives from the ICT sector and governments. It has been built to be consistent with EC/JRC, ETSI, IEC and GHG Protocol ICT supplement initiatives

There are 2 Parts in the Recommendation:Part I : ICT Lifecycle assessment: framework and guidancePart II : Comparative analysis between ICT and baseline scenario : framework and guidance

The 2 Parts describe clear steps to follow in order to assess environmental impacts over the entire life cycle

This helps identify what are the major activities and life cycle stages impacting the environment, design and prepare action plans and prioritize actionsThis helps identify risks, save costs and develop new opportunities

Impact of Goods, Networks and Services L.1410 : What is it ? What is it for ?

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Relationship between methodologies of LCA for ICT Good Networks

and services

ICT Networks are composed of ICT goods and ICT services utilize ICT networks: ICT Goods are the basis for the methodologies for ICT networks and ICT services.

L.1410 Part I

ICT services

ICT networks

ICT goods

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L.1410 Part I: What are the steps to follow?

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http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/Workshops-and-Seminars/ITS/201204/Pages/programme.aspx

Refer in detail: Information and Training Session on ITU Methodologies for Assessing the Environmental Impact of ICT

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http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/Workshops-and-Seminars/ITS/201204/Pages/programme.aspx


L.1410 Part I Reporting : example

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There are two target systems for comparative analysis

1. Comparison between a reference product system and an ICT service e.g. travel to a face to face meeting (flight, train, car, hotel stays) versus the use of a Video conferencing service

2. Comparison between two ICT goods or two ICT networks or two ICT services

e.g. an old data centre compared to a “Green” efficient one

• Key principles : Systems must be compared using the same functional unit and equivalent methodological considerations, such as system boundary, data quality, allocation procedures and cut off rules (if applied)

In a comparative analysis what one is seeking to capture is the difference between the two systems rather than the magnitude of both

L. 1410 Part II : key principles

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L.1410 Part II : What are the steps to follow ?

N.b. For Part II which is a comparative analysis between an ICT system and a reference product system the above steps need to be carried out on BOTH the ICT system and the reference product system L.

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Comparison categories

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EI: Environmental impact36


L. 1410 Part II, example of reporting

Example of comparative evaluation between ICT and reference product system with categories of life cycle stages.

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Pilot Telemedicine Project (in Laos)

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Remote medical diagnosis saves CO2 emitted by transporting patients

Implementation of ICT

Before implementation

After implementation

■ It was necessary to move patients 434km by air.

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Copyright 2011 FUJITSU LIMITED

Pilot Telemedicine Project (in Laos)

* About 180 patients/year

CO2 was reduced by 16.5 tons/yearmainly energy used to transport patients ・ Removed burden of transport costs from patients. ・ Reduced personnel costs and work time of medical

treatment personnel. ・ Lowered burden on medical staff at both locations. ・ Improved quality and efficiency of medical treatment

services.

　　　　

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DetailsCO2 emissions at each term

Term Before After(-) Saving

(+) Impact

Travel - Transportation of patients - Business trip of physicians and nurses

49.1 32.1 -17.0

Person-Hour - Diagnosis for patients - Trainings and information exchange

5.1 4.4 -0.7

Office space for ICT equip. - Facility energy for ICT equip.

0.0 0.1 +0.1

Power consumption of ICT -Power consumption installed ICT equip.

0.0 0.1 +0.1

Data communication - Consulting and information exchange on internet. - Reporting the state of patients by telephone

0.0 1.0 +1.0

Total 54.2 37.7 -16.5

[t-CO2/year]40


Result CO2 Savings 16.5 t-CO2/year (- 30%)

＜ Study Case ＞・ Round trip distance from Luang Prabang to Vientiane ： 434km・ Treated Patients :15 [person/month]*12[month/year] ＝ 180 [person/year]・ Business trip :10 [person/month]*12[month/year] ＝ 120 [person/year]

before after

90.6 %

59.3 %

9.4 %

8.2 %

1.9 %

２０％

０％

４０％

８０％

６０％

１００％

37.8 t-CO2

-16.5 t-CO2

(- 30 %)54.2 t-CO2

0.3 %

Travel Person-Hour Power consumption of ICT Data communication

Travel Person-Hour Power consumption of ICT Data communication

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Impact of organizations What is Recommendation L.1420 ? What is it for?

It is a Recommendation that provides guidance on how to assess environmental impacts of ICT in organizations.

It has been built with a large number of representatives from the ICT sector and governments. It deals with energy consumption and GHG emissions.

It is in line with widely used international voluntary measuring and reporting schemes. It complements ISO 14064-1 and the GHG Protocol.

This Recommendation covers:

The assessment of the life cycle environmental impact of ICT Goods, Networks and Services used by an organization (“Non-ICT organizations”)

The assessment of the environmental impact of an ICT organization (“ICT organizations”)

The reporting of these impacts to ensure fair and transparent communications

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The assessment of the environmental impact of an ICT organization.

An ICT organization is an organization, the core activity of which is directly related to the design, production, promotion, sales or maintenance of ICT goods, networks or services.

The assessment of the life cycle environmental impact of ICT Goods, Networks and Services used by an non-ICT organization .

Other organizations

The interpretation of these impacts and their fair and transparent reporting

Documentation is required

This Recommendation does not address rebound effects

Rebound effects are still under study

L.1420 : Scope

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The Recommendation covers the 3 following scopes:Scope 1 (Direct emissions): Activities owned or controlled by your organization that release emissions straight into the atmosphere.

Examples of scope 1 emissions include emissions from combustion in owned or controlled boilers, furnaces, vehicles.

Scope 2 (Energy indirect): Emissions being released into the atmosphere associated with your consumption of purchased electricity, heat, steam and cooling.

These are indirect emissions that are a consequence of your organization's activities but which occur at sources you do not own or control.

Scope 3 (Other indirect): Emissions that are a consequence of your actions, which occur at sources which you do not own or control and which are not classed as scope 2 emissions.

Examples of scope 3 emissions are business travel by means not owned or controlled by your organization, waste disposal, or purchased materials.

Assessment and reporting for scope 1 and scope 2 emissions are mandatory.Assessment and reporting for scope 3 emissions are optional.

L.1420 : Scope (continued)

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Agenda



This Recommendation will specify principles, requirements and methods in order to quantify, monitor and report GHG emission reductions, energy consumption savings, energy efficiency improvements resulting from ICT projects, in complement to ISO 14064-2 and GHG Protocol.

It is built with a large number of representatives from the ICT sector and governments and in relationship with the UNFCCC.

It is expected that L.1430 will provide requirements and guidance for :

planning an ICT project and its baseline scenario;identifying and selecting GHG sources, sinks and storages relevant to the ICT project and baseline scenario;identifying and selecting energy consumption sources, generators and storages relevant to the ICT project and baseline scenario;managing data quality;monitoring, quantifying, documenting and reporting ICT project performance; and validating and/or verifying the ICT project plan or report.

Impact of ICT projects in citiesL.ICT projects (to become L.1430), under preparation

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This Recommendation could for example be used for the following type of projects :

Real Time Navigation systems

Creation of Datacenters

Smart buildings

Smart grid

Smart mobility

Creation of new connected work places

Remote public services with videoconferencing

Connected hospital

…

Examples of ICT projects

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BackgroundIntroductionThe Life Cycle Analysis ApproachRecommendation L.1400 Overview and general principlesRecommendation L.1410 ICT Goods, Networks and ServicesRecommendation L.1420 ICT in OrganizationsRecommendation L.1430 ICT ProjectsRecommendation L.1440 ICT in CitiesConclusions

Agenda



This Recommendation will present general principles on how to evaluate the environmental impact of Information communication technologies (ICT) in cities, or other urban areas with a focus on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions

It is built with a large number of representatives from the ICT sector and governments and in relationship with UNEP and UN-HABITAT. Your participation is welcome !

It is expected that L.1440 will cover the following aspects :

aggregation of impacts at cities level of ICT goods, networks and servicesaggregation of impacts at cities level of ICT in organizationsImpacts of ICT projects in cities, for instance in the construction sector, the energy sector, the transport sector

L.1440 will in particular cover how to assess the impacts of the use of ICT in cities to reduce the GHG emissions of other sectors

L.ICT in cities (to become L.1440), under preparation

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Conclusions

The Life Cycle Analysis approach allows to :

To understand the relative importance of different life cycle stages and

where to put best efforts for improvement

To monitor performance improvements over time

ITU-T Recommendation L.1410 and Recommendation L.1420 are available for free

They cover the assessment of ICT Goods, Networks and Services and the assessment of ICT in organizations

Suggestions for improvements are welcome

ITU-T Recommendations L.ICT projects and L.ICT in cities are under development

Suggestions and contributions are welcome

Next meeting to discuss contributions is expected to take place in Geneva on October 8-12, 2012



Thank you !

Jean-Manuel Canet, RapporteurQuestion on methodologies, ITU-T SG 5

Orange Consulting [email protected]

Takafumi Hashitani, Associate RapporteurQuestion on methodologies, ITU-T SG 5

Fujitsu [email protected]

http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/climatechange/


mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/climatechange/

Committed to Connecting the WorldReferences

Following references were presented by MIC (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications ) in Japan before L.1410 published.Although these may be necessary to re-evaluation in accordance with L.1410, as good examples, will be posted for reference.


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itu-t activities and standards (l.1400, l.1410) on ict and climate change takafumi hashitani itu-t...

Documents

ict ict

ict projects recommendation

ict usage

environmental impact

services recommendation

organizations recommendation

world vientiane

year vientiane