it’s time to meet your relatives relative pronouns lesson 36
TRANSCRIPT
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It’s Time to Meet Your Relatives
Relative PronounsLesson 36
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What Are Relative Pronouns?• Relative pronouns are who, which, what and
that (along with their different forms).• They are called relative pronouns because they
relate back to a previous word.• The previous word is called an antecedent.
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What Are Relative Pronouns?• A relative pronoun introduces a relative clause.• A relative clause has a subject and verb, but it
is not the main (independent) clause in the sentence.
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Relative Clauses
• Relative clauses begin with a relative pronoun and end (usually) with a verb.
• If you remove the relative clause, the sentence will still make sense.
• antecedent relative pronoun relative clause• The woman who rules Britain is Queen Elizabeth.
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Relative Clauses
• The boy whose bike I stole is pressing charges.
• Have you seen the girl to whom I gave the books?
• The girl whom I visited was my cousin.
• The land from which our parents came was beautiful.
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The Relative Pronoun In English
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
• who, which, that• whose, of whom,
of which• to/for whom,
to/for which• whom, which,
that• by/with/etc.
whom, which
• which, that, what• whose, of which
• to/for which
• which, that, what
• by/with/etc. which
M., F. N.
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Relative Pronouns• Latin has only 1 relative pronoun: qui, quae,
quod…but it has 30 forms.• All 5 cases for 3 genders, singular and plural• 5 x 3 x 2 = 30• Yes, you must memorize it thoroughly.
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The Relative Pronoun (also the Interrogative Adjective)
quī, quae, quod - who, which, that
quīcuiuscuiquemquō
quīquōrumquibusquōsquibus
quae cuiuscuiquamquā quaequārumquibusquāsquibus
quodcuiuscuiquodquō quaequōrumquibusquaequibus
M. F. N.
Sg.
Pl.
Nom.Gen.Dat.Acc.Abl.
Nom.Gen.Dat.Acc.Abl.
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How Latin Relative Pronouns Work
• In Latin, the GENDER and NUMBER of a relative pronoun agree with its antecedent.
• The CASE of a relative pronoun is determined by its use in its own relative clause.
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• The woman who rules Britain is Queen Elizabeth.• woman: feminine, singular• who rules Britain “Who” is the subject of this clause, and therefore is nominative• Thus, we need the FEMININE, SINGULAR,
NOMINATIVE relative pronoun here
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The Relative Pronoun (also the Interrogative Adjective)
quī, quae, quod - who, which, that
quīcuiuscuiquemquō
quīquōrumquibusquōsquibus
quae cuiuscuiquamquā quaequārumquibusquāsquibus
quodcuiuscuiquodquō quaequōrumquibusquaequibus
M. F. N.
Sg.
Pl.
Nom.Gen.Dat.Acc.Abl.
Nom.Gen.Dat.Acc.Abl.
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• The woman who rules Britain is Queen Elizabeth.
• Femina quae Britanniam regit est Regina Elizabeth.
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WHO vs. WHOM in English
• “Who” is used as a subject of a relative clause• The boy who lives next door is cute.• “Who lives next door”• “Whom” is used as a direct object of a relative
clause• The boy whom I like lives next door.• “I like whom”
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Who vs. Whom in English
1. The person ________ is texting me right now has no idea I’m in school and must focus on this challenging lesson. ;-)
2. The people ___________ I most admire are my parents.
3. My friend, ________ you see in this picture, lives in Texas.
WHOM
WHOM
WHO
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The Relative Pronoun
• This is the woman quae bellum incepit.
who
This is the woman who began the war.
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Pronoun Practice
• P. 256 Exercise A (1-5)• P. 260 Exercise A (1-5)
• SCRIBITE LATINAM LINGUAM ET ANGLICAM LINGUAM, QUAESO!