its challenge, development and problems · examples : tsunami in bali ,ntb 1977, banyuwangi 1994,...
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Its Challenge, Development and Problems
Seismic Design for Structures, 22 – 26 October 2007,Taipei
Indonesian participants:
Andreas TriwiyonoDevy Kamil Syahbana
MulatnoSri Atmaja P. Rosyidi
- Introduction
- Microzonation and Site Measurements
- Earthquake Effects in Geotechnics
- Lessons learned from Tsunami Caused by Earthquake
- Earthquake Disaster Management in Indonesia
- Lesson learned from Structural Damages
Outlines of PresentationOutlines of Presentation
Indonesia in Indonesia in Earthquake AreaEarthquake Area
SeismicitySeismicity inin IndonesiaIndonesia
Source: USGS
PGA PGA inin IndonesiaIndonesia
Source: USGS
Earthquake Vulnerable Map in IndonesiaEarthquake Vulnerable Map in Indonesia
(Source: PVG, 2006)
Current Condition:Current Condition:Indonesia in Earthquake Hazard PotentialIndonesia in Earthquake Hazard Potential
Source: USGS
Earthquake Impact in Nusa TenggaraEarthquake Impact in Nusa Tenggara
Alor 1982.
Dompu 2003.Lombok 2004.
Lombok 2004.
Alor 2004.
Bima 2006.
Socialization
Quick Respond Team on Earthquake
STRATEGY MITIGATION ON EARTHQUAKE
If some earthquake occured in some area, in the future earthquake can occurs but we don’t know when the earthquake occur.
Mitigation strategy: Identification earthquake vulnerability and empowering community.
Earthquake Vulneribility Mapping
Activ Fault Monitoring/Micro Zonation
Very Low
Low
HighAnticipation of Community and Local GovernmentOn Earthquake Vulnerable Area Historical earthquake
occuredMMI > VIII
No Building Code ForInfrastructureand settlement
Potential occurs of earthquakeBuilding code for infrastructure
and settlement
Earthquake intensity Map
Historical earthquake occured
MMI VI - VII
Historical earthquake occured
MMI IV - V
Historical earthquake occured
MMI < IV
Medium
Building code forinfrastructure
and settlement
Building code forinfrastructure
and settlement
Dominant Frequency
Amplified
VERY HIGH Amplified Zone (>9 times) – REDHIGH Amplified Zone (7-9 times) – YELLOWMODERATE Amplified Zone (4-6 times) – BLUELOW Amplified Zone (1-3 times) – GREEN
Singkarak
Utara Singkarak
Koto Timur
Sumani
Padang Panjang
Data Correlation
Fault Investigation and Liquefaction Identification Fault Investigation and Liquefaction Identification
Geo-resistivity or Geo-soundingBore-Holes Soil PropertiesSeismic Analysis
Source: UMY Report
Source: UMY Report
Source: UMY Report
Source: UMY Report
Source: UMY Report
Source: UMY Report
Source: UMY Report
Source: UMY Report
Source: UMY Report
Source: UMY Report
Fault Mapping and Geotechnical Fault Mapping and Geotechnical DamagesDamages
Source: UMY Report
Lessons learned from Lessons learned from JogjaJogja earthquakeearthquake
Why the damage is very severe ?Layers of shallow, unconsilidated sediments are commons in volcanic island. In Jogja they are result of erosion processes and merapi volcano eruption material. Young sediment around Bantul and Jogjabasin overlie more consilidated rock. The seismic produced by the May 27, earthquake encounter this low velocity, near surface sedimentary layer: the amplitude of the wave increases, the wave is bent toward vertical, and the wave becomes trapped in the near surface layer. This wave amplification produced very intensive damage around Bantul and Jogja.
Why the damage is very severe ?Layers of shallow, unconsilidated sediments are commons in volcanic island. In Jogja they are result of erosion processes and merapi volcano eruption material. Young sediment around Bantul and Jogjabasin overlie more consilidated rock. The seismic produced by the May 27, earthquake encounter this low velocity, near surface sedimentary layer: the amplitude of the wave increases, the wave is bent toward vertical, and the wave becomes trapped in the near surface layer. This wave amplification produced very intensive damage around Bantul and Jogja.
Source: Irwan Meilano 2006
Displacement ModelDisplacement ModelCross section of subduction zones the indo-australia plate subducting southern segment of eurasia plate (including java island). The earthquake data is 1976-2006 Magnitude larger than 5. The down-going slab produced earthquake, loss of volatiles and magmatism.We assume that the fault is a left-lateral planar surface across which relative motion accuredduring earthquake. Parameter of the fault is : Strike =50 degree, Dip =45 degree, Length = 25 Km, Width = 15 Km, Slip = 60 Cm, Mag = 6.4 Mw.Estimated horizontal displacement from model :Bantul 10 CmJogja 6.8 CmImagiri 3.5 CmKalasan 2.5 CmKlaten 1 Cm
Learned from Jogja’s earthquake
Contribution by Dr. Irwan Meilano
Cross section of subduction
Source: Irwan Meilano
Ground CrackingGround Cracking
One clear feature of the Jogja’searthquake was the lack of surface fault rupture.
The impressive cracks shown in the figures are superficial features caused by the strong shaking.
Fact: Numerous ground failures occurred around east of Bantul, stretching over 15 km.
Learned from Jogja’s earthquakeContribution by Dr. Irwan Meilano
LiquefactionLiquefactionLiquefaction phenomena can usually be found at many places. The liquefaction has formed long fissures along road, riverbed and also be found in some buildings.
Learned from Jogja’s earthquake
Soil boiling were also found in some location.
TsunamiTsunami Vulnerable MapVulnerable Map
(Sumber : PVG, 2006)
Tsunami Controlling FactorsTsunami Controlling Factors1. Submarine Earthquake
Examples : Tsunami in Bali ,NTB 1977, Banyuwangi 1994, Biak 1996, NAD 2004.
2. Submarine Volcanoes eruptionExamples : Sunda Strait Tsunami generated byKrakatau Eruption,1883.
3. Submarine Landslide Examples : Buru Island Tsunami 14-3-2006
Aceh TsunamiSunda Strait Tsunami Buru Island Tsunami
TSUNAMIVULNERABLE MAPPING
TSUNAMIGENICIDENTIFICATION
SOCIALIZATION
QUICK RESPONSETSUNAMI MITIGATION STRATEGY
Low
Runup > 5 m
High
Limited area for settlement & With evacuation route and
location
Restricted for settlement.Greenbelt zone
TSUNAMI VULNERABLE MAP
Runup 1 – 5 m
Runup 0 – 1 m
Infrastructure and settlement withEvacuation route and location
Medium
Anticipation of Community and Local GovernmentOn Tsunami Vulnerable Area
Tsunami AcehTsunamiTsunami ModellingModelling
Sumatera Barat
TSUNAMI VULNERABLE MAPTSUNAMI VULNERABLE MAP115◦05’E
8◦37’S115◦20’E
115◦20’E
8◦50’S
8◦37’S
Legend:
8◦50’S115◦05’E
Bali Island
SukabumiRegency
Early Warning SystemEarly Warning System
Recent focal point in Disaster Recent focal point in Disaster ManagementManagement– BAKORNAS PB (National)– SATKORLAK PB (Province)– SATLAK PB (District and Municipal)– Satgas PB (Sub District and Villages)
Shifting the paradigm and approaches in Shifting the paradigm and approaches in disaster management from:disaster management from:
• Structural Mitigation to Structural and Non-Structural Mitigation
• Response to Prevention• Sectoral to Multi-sector • Centralized to Decentralized• Conventional to Holistic / Comprehensive• Government driven to Community based
NonNon--Structural MitigationStructural Mitigation
National Action Plan for Risk ReductionCBDRMStrengthen Early Warning SystemSOPTrainingetc
Preventive and Mitigation PlanPreventive and Mitigation Plan
Passive MitigationActive Mitigation
Active Mitigation ActivitiesActive Mitigation Activities
Constructing the sign for “caution”, “danger” and “prohibit” to enter hazards area.Monitoring the laws and regulations enforcement in requirements for building construction, space plan and other regulation related to hazards mitigation.Basic training in hazards mitigation to public and regional official.Public evacuation from hazards area. Campaign to public for hazards mitigation and increasing alertness.Designing shelters and evacuation corridor.Developing the seismic resistant structures for preventing and reducing the hazards impacts such as dam, tripod-sea waves, seismic resistant building and etc.
Passive Mitigation ActionPassive Mitigation Action
Laws and regulations complementDeveloping hazards and problems mapping.Developing quidance/standard/procedureDeveloping leaflet/posterResearch and development in hazards characteristicsRisk analysis on hazardsLocal curriculum of hazards mitigationDeveloping sub-district hazards mitigationStrengthen social units in communityMainstreaming hazards mitigation in development programs
CONDUCTED ACTIVITIESCONDUCTED ACTIVITIES
“Warning Stage”Activation involved units in district.Training / simulation/ rehearsal / technical training for involved sectors in hazards mitigation such as SAR, social bureau, health units, public works, etc.).Preparing support/logisticsDeveloping information system and communication in fast and integration for supporting the hazards mitigation works. Preparing early warningComposing contingency planResources Inventory in emergency responseDeveloping standard guidance for aids and services.
ACTION PLANACTION PLAN
Study and observationsResources organizationInformation and communication ManagementTraining and Rehearsal Education and community awarenessNetwork, Cooperation and Coordination
DISASTER
Education and Information for PublicEducation and Information for Public
UpUp--dated Earthquake Disaster Information:dated Earthquake Disaster Information:Official (Government) WebsiteOfficial (Government) Website
Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigationhttp://portal.vsi.esdm.go.id/joomla/
Information Center for Research on Natural Disaster www.pirba.ristek.go.id
Badan Meteorologi dan Geofisikawww.bmg.go.id
BAKORNAS BPwww.bakornasbp.go.id
Current Earthquake Current Earthquake -- BengkuluBengkulu
Source: USGS
Current Earthquake Current Earthquake -- BengkuluBengkulu
Current Earthquake Current Earthquake -- BengkuluBengkulu
Acknowledgment Acknowledgment
Bakornas Penanggulangan BencanaMinistry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Department of Geological Eng., Gadjah Mada UniversityCenter for Infrastructures and Disaster Management, Muhammadiyah Univ.Yogyakarta
LKPT, Muhammadiyah Univ.YogyakartaDepartment of Civil and Env.Eng., Gadjah Mada UniversityCenter for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation
Dr. Irwan MeilanoMr. Ir. Joko Wintolo, DEA
Mr. Ir. Surya Budi Lesmana, M.Eng
Its Challenge, Preparedness and Problems
The End of Presentation Slide
Thank You