its all about geography or ed j. christopher midwestern resource center federal highway...

Its All About GeographyIts All About Geography

oror

Ed J. ChristopherMidwestern Resource Center

Federal Highway Administration19900 Governors Drive

Olympia Fields, IL 60461

708-283-3534

[email protected]@fhwa.dot.gov

September 7, 2005

Lets talk about Urban Area Lets talk about Urban Area BoundariesBoundaries

mailto:[email protected]

TodayToday

Go Over Some BasicsGo Over Some Basics

Identify Any IssuesIdentify Any Issues

Try to Answer Your QuestionsTry to Answer Your Questions

HandoutHandout

Frequently Asked QuestionsFrequently Asked Questions(March 31, 2003 version)(March 31, 2003 version)

o Definitions o Definitions

ooMapping UZA and MPA BoundariesMapping UZA and MPA Boundaries

oo MPO Designations for New Urbanized MPO Designations for New Urbanized AreasAreas

o Adjustments to Existing MPA o Adjustments to Existing MPA BoundariesBoundaries

oo Designation of New TMA’sDesignation of New TMA’s

oo Impacts on Plan and TIPImpacts on Plan and TIP

oo Air Quality Non-Attainment and Air Quality Non-Attainment and ConformityConformity

oo Impact on fundingImpact on funding

oo Adjustments to Urbanized Area Adjustments to Urbanized Area BoundaryBoundary

Des Moines

Ankeny

Urbandale

West Des Moines

Johnston

CliveWaukee

Grimes

Altoona

Norwalk

Pleasant Hill

Carlisle

Bondurant

Windsor Heights

Polk City

Cumming

Special Thanks to the Des Moines Area Metropolitan Planning Organization

Water LayerCorporate Limits

N

Corporate Corporate LimitsLimits

Des Moines

Ankeny

Urbandale

West Des Moines

Johnston

CliveWaukee

Grimes

Altoona

Norwalk

Pleasant Hill

Carlisle

Bondurant

Windsor Heights

Polk City

Cumming


Water LayerCorporate Limits1990 Urbanized Area Boundary N

1990 Urbanized 1990 Urbanized AreaArea

Des Moines

Ankeny

Urbandale

West Des Moines

Johnston

CliveWaukee

Grimes

Altoona

Norwalk

Pleasant Hill

Carlisle

Bondurant

Windsor Heights

Polk City

Cumming


Water Layer1990 Urbanized Area Boundary

1990 Adjusted Urban Area Boundary N

1990 Adjusted 1990 Adjusted UrbanUrban

Des Moines

Ankeny

Urbandale

West Des Moines

Johnston

CliveWaukee

Grimes

Altoona

Norwalk

Pleasant Hill

Carlisle

Bondurant

Windsor Heights

Polk City

Cumming



1990 Adjusted Urban Area Boundary

MPO Planning Area

N

MPO Planning MPO Planning AreaArea

Des Moines

Ankeny

Urbandale

West Des Moines

Johnston

CliveWaukee

Grimes

Altoona

Norwalk

Pleasant Hill

Carlisle

Bondurant

Windsor Heights

Polk City

Cumming

Des Moines

Ankeny

Urbandale

West Des Moines

Johnston

CliveWaukee

Grimes

Altoona

Norwalk

Pleasant Hill

Carlisle

Bondurant

Windsor Heights

Polk City

Cumming



1990 Adjusted Urban Area Boundary

MPO Planning Area2000 Urbanized Area

N

2000 2000 UrbanizedUrbanizedBased on the preliminary Based on the preliminary criteriacriteria

Why is this Important?Why is this Important?

Urbanized Urbanized AreaArea

Sets Population CountSets Population Count

for Moneyfor Money

to Identify MPOs / TMAsto Identify MPOs / TMAs

What's in – What's Not, but Could What's in – What's Not, but Could bebe

x


FEDERALY-Its NotFEDERALY-Its Not -But it was-But it was

Speed LimitsSpeed LimitsRoad FundingRoad FundingData ReportingData ReportingFunctional ClassificationsFunctional ClassificationsBillboard Control ???Billboard Control ???

For States and MPOs it’s a For States and MPOs it’s a Whole Different StoryWhole Different Story

Adjusted Adjusted UrbanUrban

MPO Planning MPO Planning AreaArea


Sets MPO Area ofSets MPO Area of

ResponsibilityResponsibility

For PlanningFor Planning

For ProgrammingFor Programming

Overall GovernanceOverall Governance

Lets Look at ThisLets Look at This

FEDERALY-Its NotFEDERALY-Its Not -But is it?-But is it?

Data ReportingData ReportingFunctional ClassificationsFunctional Classifications

Crash Statistics---Mobility Study---FMSCA/NHTSACrash Statistics---Mobility Study---FMSCA/NHTSA

Adjusted UZA vs.. Adjusted UZA vs.. Census Census UZAUZA

Issue for Data Reporting: Everyone does it different

Question FacingQuestion Facing

ALL of UsALL of Us

Do we reallyDo we really need to have anneed to have an Adjusted Boundary at all?Adjusted Boundary at all?

SAFETEALU appears to be quiet on this issue from SAFETEALU appears to be quiet on this issue from what I can find so farwhat I can find so far

Adjusted UZA vs. Adjusted UZA vs. Census Census UZAUZA

Issue for Data Reporting: Everyone does it different

How was the UrbanizedHow was the Urbanized

Area Developed, byArea Developed, by

Who and Why?Who and Why?

The Census Bureau Did It!!!The Census Bureau Did It!!!

With a new Automated, Objective, With a new Automated, Objective, Deterministic GIS based ProcessDeterministic GIS based Process

Urbanized Urbanized AreaArea

Definition of Urban and Rural

Since 1950, Criteria reviewed before each decennial census

Revisions reflect desire to improve urban/rural classification

Census Bureau identifies and tabulates data for the urban and rural population and territory solely for statistical presentation and comparison

Historic Development – Urban/Rural

New Criteria for Census 2000March 28, 2001 Federal Register Notice

• Draft Criteria• Substantial Number of Comments

July 27, 2001 Federal Register Notice• Extended the Comment Period

March 15, 2002 Federal Register Notice• Final Criteria

Federal Register Notices can be obtained at:www.census.gov/geo/www/ua/ua_2k.html

Census 2000 Urban/Rural Delineation Process

Designed to permit use of GIS software to determine the urban blocks• Multi-step Process

• Eliminates subjectivity

• Requires uniform information nationwide

1990 Urban/Rural Criteria

Urbanized Areas• Place or places and adjacent densely settled

surrounding territoryUrban Places

• Incorporated or Census Designated Places outside an urbanized area with a population greater than 2,500 people

Rural• Everything else

Census 2000 Urban and Rural

Urbanized Areas (UA)

• Densely settled core created from block groups or census blocks, and the adjacent densely settled surrounding territory up to 5 miles from the continuously developed core (with a density of 500 people per square mile) that together have a minimum population of 50,000 people.

Census 2000 Urban and Rural

Urban Clusters (UC) -- Urban Place•Densely settled core created from

block groups or census blocks, and the adjacent densely settled surrounding territory (with a density of 500 people per square mile) that together have a minimum of 2,500 people but fewer than 50,000 people.

-----------

Major Changes to Urban/Rural Criteria

No Grandfathering• 2000 UA/UCs delineated from scratch and do not

automatically recognized previously existing (1990) urban territory

Why?• A consistent set of areas• Eliminate misinterpretations and errors from

previous delineations done clerically that used complex and fairly subjective criteria

• GIS technology now allows automated delineation

22


Reduced Population Density Requirement in Adjoining Territory• 500 people per square mile rather than previous

1,000 people per square mile

Why• Account for common use of “green space”

• Lessen impact of large census block groups/blocks with an undeveloped portion

• Qualify areas with mixed land use in the same block


Jump Distance Increase/Added Hop Concept• Jump distance increased from 1.5 to 2.5 miles and

added the concept of an unmeasured break called a hop

Why• Increased jump distance takes into account

improved transportation networks and more prevalent use of “green space”

• Hops connect discontiguous qualifying areas where only a short distance (up to ½ mile) separates them because of parks, schools, and other non-residential land use. (Formalizes past practice)


Replaced Urban Places with Urban Clusters (UCs)• UCs are lesser populated versions of UAs and are

delineated using the same criteria in an automated environment

Why• Use of places introduced bias depending on a state’s

annexation and incorporation laws• Urban areas are now built from geographic entities

objectively and equitably• Depict settlement patters in and around areas with a

population of 2,500 or more

Implications for TransportationImplications for Transportation

New MPOs New MPOs (UZA)(UZA)

Census UZA Published (May 1, Census UZA Published (May 1, 2002)2002)

12 Month Gestation Period12 Month Gestation PeriodGovernance--Governance--Bylaws, Membership, Bylaws, Membership,

Planning Area Planning Area Developing Work Developing Work

PlanPlan Work with State on Work with State on TIPTIP

Three-years out (Oct. 2005)Three-years out (Oct. 2005)

Meet All Planning Meet All Planning RequirementsRequirements

(23 CFR 450)(23 CFR 450)

New TMAs New TMAs (UZA)(UZA)

July 8July 8thth (2002) (2002) Secretary DesignatedSecretary Designated in in Federal RegisterFederal Register

TMA Funds FlowTMA Funds Flow Regardless of Regardless of DesignationDesignation

CMS RequiredCMS Required within within 1212 Months (July Months (July 2003)2003)

Three years out--Federal Three years out--Federal CertificationCertification

Expanded MPOs & TMAsExpanded MPOs & TMAsMost Issues are Case by CaseMost Issues are Case by Case

Could Change BoardsCould Change Boards

Revisit Your BylawsRevisit Your Bylaws

MPO Planning Area MPO Planning Area AdjustmentsAdjustments

Formal Re-designation ???Formal Re-designation ???

Contact: John Humeston 404-562-3667Contact: John Humeston 404-562-3667

All MPA Boundaries should be done by nowAll MPA Boundaries should be done by now

Adjusted UZAAdjusted UZA

Functional ClassificationFunctional Classification

Handled by States and Responsible LocalsHandled by States and Responsible Locals

Agree to “Urban Area” BoundaryAgree to “Urban Area” Boundary

Update Functional ClassificationsUpdate Functional Classifications

Submit through FHWA DivisionsSubmit through FHWA Divisions

Major Principal Arterial Changes ApprovedMajor Principal Arterial Changes Approved

by FHWA HQby FHWA HQ

No Statutory Timeline or DeadlinesNo Statutory Timeline or Deadlines BUT…BUT…

Contact: Bob Gorman 202-366-5001Contact: Bob Gorman 202-366-5001

Functional ClassificationFunctional Classification Adjusted UZAAdjusted UZA

Think about whatThink about what is going on with allis going on with all the data that we allthe data that we all want and the analysis we want to want and the analysis we want to do!do!

Adjusted UZA vs. Adjusted UZA vs. Census Census UZAUZA

1990 UZA1990 UZA 1990 Adjusted UZA1990 Adjusted UZA

2000 UZA2000 UZA 2000 Adjusted UZA2000 Adjusted UZA

Some Flip FlopSome Flip Flop

HPMS Data ReportingHPMS Data Reporting

At least Update to 2000 At least Update to 2000 Urbanized Area (UZA) or Urbanized Area (UZA) or

Adjusted UZA and let Adjusted UZA and let youryour FHWA Division knowFHWA Division know

ASAPASAP

Contact: Paul Svercl 202-366-5036Contact: Paul Svercl 202-366-5036

Funding and Financial IssuesFunding and Financial Issues

New Pop Numbers UsedNew Pop Numbers Used

CMAQCMAQ

(PL)(PL)

STP AttributableSTP Attributable

FTA—53xxFTA—53xx

Could be changing due to SAFETEALUCould be changing due to SAFETEALU

CMAQ FundingCMAQ Funding

Based on county population in Based on county population in non- non- attainment and attainment and maintenance areasmaintenance areas

Adjusted for severityAdjusted for severity


PL Funding DistributionPL Funding DistributionTo StatesTo States

Based on % of Urbanized Based on % of Urbanized Population of nationPopulation of nation

To MPOsTo MPOs

Based on State formulaBased on State formula

State Formulas Due Oct 1State Formulas Due Oct 1


STP Attributable FundingSTP Attributable Funding50% of STP funds to areas 50% of STP funds to areas

based based on share of populationon share of population

To TMAs based on the To TMAs based on the percentage percentage of states of states populationpopulation

Further sub allocated based Further sub allocated based on on percentage of each TMApercentage of each TMA


FTA Issues ContinuedFTA Issues Continued5307 (New TMAs)5307 (New TMAs)

Funds go Directly to AreaFunds go Directly to Area

Operating Not Eligible Operating Not Eligible (Note)(Note)One-percent Must be One-percent Must be

EnhancementsEnhancements

5307 (New Under 200K Areas)5307 (New Under 200K Areas)

5307 Used Instead of 5311 and 5307 Used Instead of 5311 and Commingled based on trip O/DCommingled based on trip O/D

Contact: Contact: Mary Martha Churchman 202-366-Mary Martha Churchman 202-366-20532053


Outdoor Advertising Outdoor Advertising RequirementsRequirements

Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1958 Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1958 Control of Outdoor Advertising Control of Outdoor Advertising

beganbegan

In 1975 Control tied to UZAIn 1975 Control tied to UZA

Coordinated with the States Coordinated with the States (State/Federal (State/Federal

agreements)agreements)

Federal Contact: Brian O’Neill 202-366-Federal Contact: Brian O’Neill 202-366-98819881 Could be changing due to SAFETEALUCould be changing due to SAFETEALU

http://www.gis.fhwa.dot.gov/http://www.gis.fhwa.dot.gov/

Where Can I See My Where Can I See My Boundaries?Boundaries?

http://www.edthefed.com/uza.htmlhttp://www.edthefed.com/uza.html

Where Can I Learn More?Where Can I Learn More?

its all about geography or ed j. christopher midwestern resource center federal highway...

Documents

urban area boundariestodaygo

census uzaissue

census blocks

census designated places

preliminary criteria

population greater

rural population

minimum population