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2. ESD Initiatives

2.1 MANAGEMENT

2.1.1 ESD Consultant

The project design team includes a specialist ESD consultant to identify opportunities and advise on

incorporating best practice sustainability measures into the design. The ESD consultant is a Green Star

Accredited Professional (GSAP).

2.2 INDOOR ENVIRONMENT QUALITY

2.2.1 Natural Ventilation

Buildings with effective natural ventilation allow air conditioning systems to be switched off and also have the

advantage of improved indoor environment quality. This development supports the use of natural ventilation

by providing large sliding doors to balconies and courtyards, as well as openable windows to other areas.

Natural ventilation for air movement can be expected to occur under the following conditions�030:

o Single sided, single opening: 15 x ceiling height = 4.05m zone

- Single sided, multiple openings: 2.5 x ceiling height = 6.75m zone

- Cross-ventilation: 5 x ceiling height = 13.5m zone

The above calculations are based on a ceiling height of 2.7m.

Following these guidelines, the development provides good natural ventilation potential, with living areas and

bedrooms opening onto balconies. terraces or external facade. The natural ventilation zones and openings

are illustrated in Figure 1.

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FIGURE 1: NATURAL VENTILATION ZONES ILLUSTRATED

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2.2.2 Natural Lighting

Providing a high level of day lighting allows artificial lighting to be switched off, saving energy and also

improving the indoor environment quality. For this development, a light court is included to improve the daylight

penetration into the northern end of building.

indirect natural light penetration is generally limited to within 1.5 to 2.5 times the window head height (WHH)7,

depending on the extent of shading provided. WHH is 2.7m to all facades, indicating a daylit depth of between

405m and 6.75m.

Daylit depth for bedrooms and living areas is illustrated in Figure 2.

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2.2.3 Artificial Lighting

High levels of lighting (minimum 300 Lux) will be provided at all task-specific locations, specifically:

a Kitchen Sink

- Stove/Cooktop

- Vanity Basins

2.2.4 Thermal Comfort and Control

Thermally comfortable indoor environments depend on two over-arching design strategies:

0 Moderation of outdoor extremes using passive design, glazing and insulation

0 Control of the indoor environment via manually controlled adaptive devices. such as fans, heaters, or air

conditioners

These are both provided by the design. Firstly, achieving NatHERS ratings of average 6.5 stars ensures the

building fabric, glazing and orientation appropriately moderate the external environment and reduce reliance

on active heating and cooling. In addition, control is provided by ef}401cientair conditioning systems and openable

2 Christoph Reinhart (2014). Daylighting Handbook I. Harvard Graduate School of Design.

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windows. With the addition of internal blinds, residents will be able to create thermally comfortable conditions

at all times without excessive input of energy.

2.2.5 External Shading

External shading has been provided to the east, west and south facades through the use of the following:

o Overhangl eaves from the balcony areas of the glazed facades

- Operable awning screens to the level 3 balconies

- Vertical and horizontal blades on the west facade

The eaves from balcony areas, and vertical and horizontal blades to the west facade will provide an element

of shading to the apartments. The operable awning screens will reduce solar heat gain during the warmer

months, while also allowing the winter sun to penetrate the apartments encouraging solar heat gain during

winter. The operable nature of the awnings will ensure there is adequate daylight levels within the associated

apartments.

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2.2.6 Mechanicalventllation

Dedicated mechanical extraction will be provided for all bathrooms and kitchens. This ensures the air quality

within the apartment remains high and helps avoid mould and condensation problems. All other habitable

spaces will have access to operable windows for natural ventilation, thus saving on fan, heating and cooling

energy when possible.

The car park ventilation system will include variable speed drives (VSDs) on the fans and will be controlled by

CO sensors to minimise unnecessary energy use.

2.2.7 Private Outdoor Space

Private outdoor space is provided in the form of balconies / terraces to the apartments. These areas allow

access to fresh air and sunlight, provide connection to the surrounding area, and provide space to carry out

container gardening.

2.2.8 Mould and Moisture Control

Construction of apartment buildings has improved in Australia over recent years in terms of building sealing,

construction methods and materials, and energy efficiency, resulting in lower air in}401ltration(leakage). As a

result, successful fresh air ventilation has become more dependent on the window-opening behaviour of

occupants. In some cases, windows are seldom opened by occupants, leading to mould growth, odours and

increased moisture levels. In Melbourne, this tends to occur during the heating season (winter).

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For high rise apartments, this may be exacerbated due to wind pressures precluding the installation of operable

windows, or the opening of available windows.

The project will ensure that measures are taken to avoid this potential issue. In order to control mould and

moisture, a number of options are available. The identi}401edmeasures to be implemented include:

- Operable windows throughout, coupled with information and instructions in the Building Users�031Guide

- Inclusion of air paths into the apartments, ensuring energy efficiency whilst also ensuring ventilation air

}402owwhen using exhaust fans

- Vapour-permeable membranes in the building fabric

0 Careful positioning and installation of insulation in the building fabric to avoid cold internal surfaces and

thermal bridging

2.2.9 External Views

All residences will have direct external views from the living areas and bedrooms. This is of particular

importance for those residents working from home, as external views can relieve eye strain.

2.2.10 Noise Levels

The development will be designed to meet acoustic criteria as de}401nedby required acoustic standards.

Measures to achieve low noise levels will include glazing specification and construction detailing.

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2.3 ENERGY EFFICIENCY

2.3.1 House Energy Rating

Taking into consideration of BESS requirements, the development will achieve a 6.5 star average house

energy rating for all apartments, with a minimum of 5 stars, demonstrating good passive design meeting BCA

2014 Section J requirements for energy efficiency. This is achieved based on climate, orientation, form,

shading, and thermal properties of the building fabric and glazing.

2.3.2 Non-Residential BCA section J Compliance

The non-residential components will achieve BCA Section J compliance for building fabric and glazing,

demonstrating good passive design. Compliance can be demonstrated via two possible methods:

- Meeting deemed�024to�024satisfy(DTS) provisions of BCA Section J

o Undertaking JV3 modelling

2.3.3 Thermal Mass

The thermal mass effect is the ability of materials to store and release energy over time. Themial mass can

lower indoor temperatures during the day and raise night time temperatures, utilising direct sunlight and diurnal

temperature and ventilation patterns.

The concrete structure of the development will help maintain comfortable conditions and reduce energy use

by stabilising indoor temperatures. This complements the insulation and glazing, which protect indoor areas

from external weather extremes.

2.3.4 Heating I Air-Condltlonlng Systems

The apartments will be heated and cooled via high efficiency air-conditioning systems. Units within one and a

half star of the best available energy rating for heating and cooling for the applicable unit capacity will be

selected. Where both cannot be satis}401ed,heating energy rating will take precedence.

All air-conditioning systems will use zero ozone depletion potential (ODP) refrigerant.

2.3.5 Domestic Hot Water Systems

The development will incorporate high ef}401ciency,}401ve-stargas hot water systems to serve the apartment hot

water needs. This will be comprised of centralised rooftop plant providing hot water to each apartment. These

systems have the following advantages over other hot water systems:

- Low greenhouse gas emissions using natural gas

o On-demand hot water supply

0 Metering at each apartment and tenancy providing accurate billing and price signalling

. Five star energy efticiency

2.3.6 Appliances and Equipment

All appliances, if installed as part of the base building package, will have energy rating within one star of best

rating available for that appliance type and capacity. Potential appliances that are subject to the energy star

rating requirement include:

- Refrigerators/freezers

o Dishwashers

- Washing machines

- Clothes dryers

At this stage, the type of appliances that will be provided in the apartments have yet to be }401nalized.

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