ANSELIMI SAMWEL MASSWE <2015059065

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What is a computer?A computer is a multipurpose device that accepts input, process data and produces output, all according to series of stored instructionsAlso a computer can be defined by its ability to accept input process data, store data and produces output, all according to a set of instructions from a computer program.

What is input?Computer input is whatever is typed, submitted, or transmitted to a computer system. Input can be supplied by a person, by the environment or by another computer. Examples of the kind of input that computer accept includes symbols in document and words, numbers for calculations, pictures, audial signals from a microphone and instructions from a computer program.What is output?Output is the result produced by computer. Some of examples of computer output includes reports, documents, music, graphs, and pictures. Output devices display, print, or transmit the results of processing.

What does process data mean?Technically speaking, data refers to the symbols that represent facts, object, and ideas. Computers manipulations called processing. Some of the ways that a computer can process data include performing calculations, modifying documents and pictures, keeping track of yours score in fast action game, drawing graphs and sorting lists of words of number.

How do computers store data?A computer stores data so data so that it will be available for processing. Most computers have more than one place to put data, depending on how the data is being used. Memory is an area of a computer that temporarily holds data waiting to be processed, stored, or output. Storage is the area where data can be left on a permanent basis when it is not immediately needed for processing. Storage is the area where data can be left on a permanent basis when it is not immediately needed for processing.File is a named collection of data that exists on a storage medium, such as hard disk, CD, DVD, or flash drive. A file can contain data for a term paper, web page, e -mail, messages, or music videos. Some files also contain instructions that tell the computer how to perform various task What’s so significant about a computer’s ability to store instructions?The series of instructions that tells a computer how to carryout processing task is referred to as a computer program, or simply a program. These programs form the software that sets up a computer to do a specific task. When a computer run software, it performs the instructions to carry out a task.

Stored program means that a series of instructions for a different set of instructions when it is time for the computer to another task. This ability to switch programs makes computers multipurpose machines.

What kinds of software do computer run?Computer run two main types of software application software and system software. A computer can be applied to many tasks, such as writing number crunching, video editing and outline shopping.Application software is a set of computer programs that helps a person carryout a task. Word processing software, for example, helps people create, edit and print documents. System software is to help the computer system monitor itself in order to function efficiently. An example of system software is a computer operating system (OS), which is essentially the master controller for all the activities that takes place within a computer.

REALISTIC COMPUTERSDesktop and portable computer Personal computer is a micro – processor based computing device designed to meet the computing needs of an individual. It typically includes a keyboard and screen and provides access to a wide variety of local and cloud based applications.A Portable computer is a small, lightweight personal computerA notebook computer (also referred to as a laptop),is a small, lightweight portable computer that opens like a clam shell to reveal a screen and keyboard

WORK STATIONThe term work station has two meanings. It can simplify refers to an ordinary personal computer that is connected to a network. A second meaning refers to powerful desktop computers used for high performance tasks, such as medical imaging and computer aided design.Server, mainframe, supercomputerThe purpose of a purpose of a server is to service computers on a network (such as the internet or a home network)by supplying them with data.A main frame computer(or simply a mainframe)is a large and expensive computer capable of simultaneously processing data for hundreds thousands of users A computer falls into the supercomputer category if it is, at the time of construction, one of the fastest computers in the world

PDAs, Smartphones, and portable Media PlayerA smartphone, which in addition to voice communication, include features such as full qwerty keypad, text messaging, e-mail, web access, removable storage, camera, FM radio, digital music player, and software options for games, financial management, personal organizer, GPS, and maps.

Microcontrollers Micro controller is a special purpose microprocessor that built into the machine it controlsMicro controllers can be embedded in all sorts of everyday devices.A micro controller is usually mounted on a circuit board and then installed in a machine or appliance using wires to carry input and output signals.

CIRCUITS AND CHIPSAn integrated circuit (computer chip) is a super thin slice of semi conducting material packed with microscopic circuit element.Semiconducting material or (semiconductors), such as silicon and germanium, are substances with properties between those of a conductor (like copper) and an insulator like wood. To fabricate a chip, the conductive properties of selective parts of the semiconducting materials can be enhanced to essentially create miniature electronics pathways and components such as transistors.

Microprocessor Basics-A microprocessor is an integrated circuit designed to process instructions. -Usually the most expensive component of a computer.

>Microprocessor clock -A timing device that sets pace for executing instructions -Gigahertz (a billion cycles per second)>Instruction set-CISC (complex)-RISC (reduced)>IPC (instruction per cycle)- smallest unit of time>word size -64,32CacheRandom Access memoryRAM (random access memory) is a temporary holding area (waiting room) for data, application program instructions, and the operating system -All data including instructions will be first loaded into RAM before proceed.