ita102 structure of c program
TRANSCRIPT
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Structure of
C Program
Carlo H. Coronel
ITA102 - Fundamentals of Programming,
Database Theory and Applications
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Data Types
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int (Integer)
can store a value in the range -32768 to
+32767. No fractional part.
Format:
int variable_name;
float (Float)
has about seven digits of precision and a
range of about 1.E-36 to 1.E+36.
Format:
float variable_name;
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double (Double)
double, or double precision, number has about
13 digits of precision and a range of about 1.E-303 to 1.E+303.
Format:
double variable_name;
char (Character)
- to store one character to a variable name, the
character should be enclosed in single quotes.
Single character.Format:
char variable_name;
Example:
char first_char = A;
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Layout of a Simple C Program
pre-processor directives
global declarations;
main( )
{
local variables to function main ;
statements associated with function main ;}
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Layout of a Simple C Program
#include
main ()
{
int number, product;int MULTIPLIER = 10;
printf (Enter any number to be multiplied by 10\n);
scanf (%d, &number);
product = number * MULTIPLIER;
printf (%d * %d = %d, number, MULTIPLIER, product);
}
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Basic Input and Output codes
The printf function
Example:
Printf (Hello!);
The scanf function
Example:
scanf(%d, &num);
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Basic Input and Output codes
Format Specifiers
%c used for single charactersscanf (%c, &ch);
printf (%c, ch);
%d used for whole numbersscanf (%d, &num);printf (%d, num);
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Basic Input and Output codes
Format Specifiers
%f used for number with floating or decimal pointscanf (%f, &pesos);
printf (%f, pesos);
%s used for string of charactersscanf (%s, &str);
printf (%s, str);
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Running C Program
Developing a program in a compiled language
such as C requires at least four steps:
1. Editing (or writing) the program (source file)
2. Compiling - source file must be translated
into binary numbers understandable to the
computer's Central Processing Unit.
Compiling also produces an object file.
3. Linking - after linking, the file extension is
.exe which are executable files.
4. Executing - running the program for
production.
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Basic C Operators
( ) Parentheses (for grouping)
* Multiplication
/ Division
% Modulus (finding the remainder)
+ Addition
- Subtraction
= Assignment (assigning the valueto a variable)
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Basic C Operators
Example:
Finding the average of three input
numbers:
int num1, num2, num3, ave;
ave = (num1 + num2 + num3)/3;
** Take note that the remainder is dropped
when you declare the variable (storing
the final result) as integer type.
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Unary Operators
Increment: ++value
#include
main()
{
int num1 = 10;
int num2 = 5;
int total;
total = num1 + ++num2;
printf (total = %d, total);
}
Increment: value++
#include
main()
{
int num1 = 10;
int num2 = 5;
int total;
total = num1 + num2++;
printf (total = %d, total);
}
10 + 6 = 16 10 + 5 + 1 = 16
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Unary Operators
Decrement: --value
#include
main()
{
int num1 = 10;
int num2 = 5;
int total;
total = num1 + -- num2;
printf (total = %d, total);
}
Decrement: value- -
#include
main()
{
int num1 = 10;
int num2 = 5;
int total;
total = num1 + num2--;
printf (total = %d, total);
}
10 + 4 = 14 10 + 5 - 1 = 14
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