“it doesn’t matter which side of the fence you get off on sometimes. what matters most is...
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Lesson 9: Making Decisions
“It doesn’t matter which side of the fence you get off on sometimes. What matters most is getting off. You cannot make progress without making decisions.” Jim Rohn
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“Nothing is more difficult, and therefore more precious, than to be able to decide.”◦ Napoléon Bonaparte
Choose always the way that seems the best, however rough it may be. Custom will soon render it easy and agreeable.◦ Pythagoras
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Process of developing a commitment to a course of action.
Some decisions are based on hunches & intuition.◦ Hunches are NOT
guesses. Experience is the
most popular method of decision making.
1. What is decision making?
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A systematic approach of problem solving is the best way to make sound decisions:
1. Identify and define the specific problem.
◦ collect and analyze all information. (This is the hardest part of decision-making.)
◦ time consuming, but worth it
2. Generate alternatives.◦ 4 alternatives is a reasonable
number.◦ Alternatives should be practical.
2. What are the steps of decision making?
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3. Evaluate alternatives.◦ Leader must mentally test
each alternative.◦ Evaluate costs, time
involved, outcome.
4. Selecting a solution.◦ Decision phase.◦ Help employees to
understand “why.”
5. Implementing the solution.
6. Follow up & evaluate the results.
◦ “Did the decision achieve desired results?
Decision making steps continued
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Everyone makes a bad decision once in a while!
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Become aware of the major traps. ◦ 6 most frequently
encountered traps. All “life and death”
situations◦ making too much out of trivial
decisions.◦ allocate proper time
depending on problem Crisis situations. When
time constraints are extreme ◦ turning a normal situation
into a crisis (over react).◦ stay calm in front of your
team.
3. What are some traps of decision making?
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Failing to consult others.◦ Problem with new managers.
(sometimes seen as a sign of weakness)
Regretting past decisions: Skill of forgetting and not dwelling on bad decisions (STOP “What if we would have done it like . . .”)
Never admitting a mistake.◦ Must admit mistakes and take
action. Following precedents and
policies.◦ Why reinvent something already
good.◦ Use past to gain ideas and get
better.
3. What are some traps of decision making? Continued
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Several Well-known Decision-making techniques are available:1. Decision Tree.
◦ draw on paper to vision possibilities and alternatives
2. Cost-benefit analysis.
◦ pros and cons of costs vs. value
4. What are some helpful decision making techniques?
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3. ABC analysis.◦ ranking of importance
of alternatives.◦ consider only “A”s
4. PERT chart (Program Evaluation and Review Technique).
◦ used when many tasks must be coordinated.
◦ shows order of tasks to complete project.
4. What are some helpful decision making techniques?
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Decision Tree
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Cost Benefit Analysis
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ABC Analysis of Daily Tasks
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PERT Chart
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Additional perspectives are provided by a group.◦ Variety of skills and strengths are found in
groups. Increased input and suggestions from
groups.◦ However, “group think”, and inefficiency
can take place. Group Think: Deeply involved in a
cohesive group—failure to look outside the box.
Common situations that favor using a group:1. Creativity needed to a complex problem.2. Broad range of knowledge is required.3. Risk is high if a poor decision is made.4. If decision impacts large amount of
people.
5. When should decision making be made by a group?