it - decision support systems

7/27/2019 IT - Decision Support Systems

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Presented By:

Deepali Bhardwaj


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Decision Characteristics OfManagement Levels

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Management Levels


Strategic

Take decisions affecting entireorganization Define policies Set goals and direct organization toachieve them

Responsible for overall performance


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Management Levels


Tactical Responsible for carrying out thegoals set by top management

Set goals for their Bus anddepartments

Set objectives for lower managementand provide valuable information totop management


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Management Levels


Operational

Line managers Responsible for daily management ofline workers


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Stages Of Decision Making

10/14/2013 6Decision Support Systems


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Managerial Behaviour & Roles Classical model of management

Five functions of managers

Planning, organizing, coordinating, deciding, and controlling

More contemporary behavioral models

Actual behavior of managers appears to be less systematic, more

informal, less reflective, more reactive, and less well organized

than in classical model

Mintzbergs behavioral model of managers defines 10 managerial

roles falling into 3 categories



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Managerial Roles & Supporting IS Interpersonal roles:

Figurehead

Leader

Liaison

Informational roles: Nerve center

Disseminator

Spokesperson

Decisional roles: Entrepreneur

Disturbance handler

Resource allocator

Negotiator


Telepresence systems

Telepresence, social net works, Twitters

Smartphones, social net works

MIS, ESS

E-mail, social networks

Telepresence, Webinars

None exist

None exist

BI, DSS systems

None exist


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Factors Influencing Decision Making Information quality

Accurate, Timely, Consistent, Complete, Valid,

Accessible

Management filters

Organizational Inertia and Politics



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Business Intelligence & Decision Making

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Business Intelligence EnvironmentSix elements of BI Environment

Data from business environment

BI Infrastructure Business analytics toolset

Managerial users and methods

Delivery platform MIS, DSS, ESS

User interface



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Systems For Decision Support Management Information Systems

Decision Support Systems

Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS) Executive Support Systems



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Systems For Decision Support Web-based customer decision-support systems

(CDSS)

Internet search engines, intelligent agents, web

directories, newsgroup discussions etc

Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS)



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Executive Information Systems

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Senior management focus

Support non-routine, strategic decisions

for which procedures

not predefined Uses data from MIS, DSS,

and external events

Filter, compress track anddisplay critical data


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Executive Information Systems



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Executive Information Systems Sense and Respond strategy

Environment scanning for strategic threats and

opportunities Integrate data from different systems( internal andexternal) designed for different purposes

Timely, accurate, and comprehensive information



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Executive Information Systems ESS tools

Statistical tools with drill down ability (BI)

Balance Scorecards Digital dashboards



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Balance Scorecard


Strategic Objectives: What is the strategy toachieve in that perspective

Measures: How the progress for that particularobjective be measured

Target: The target value sought for each measure

Initiatives: What will be done to facilitatereaching of that target


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Balance Scorecard


Objective Specific Measures

Growth Revenue GrowthProfitability Return on EquityCost Leadership Unit Cost


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Dashboards

http://adminexchange.files.wordpress.com/2007/07/sfdc-dashboard-pic.jpg


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Advantage Of Dashboards Visual presentation of performance measures

Ability to identify and correct negative trends

Measure efficiencies/inefficiencies

Ability to generate detailed reports showing new trends

Ability to make more informed decisions based oncollected BI

Align strategies and organizational goals

Save time over running multiple reports Gain total visibility of all systems instantly



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Middle management focus

Monitor and control business, summarize basicoperations

Uses data from TPS

Periodic use of data

Reports

Scheduled reports

Key indicator reports

Exception reports

Drilled down reports

Adhoc reports

Management Information Systems



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Decision Support Systems


Middle management focus

Semi-structured or unstructured problem analysis

Support decision making for

rapidly changing problems for

which procedures not predefined

Uses data from TPS, MIS and

external sources


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Components Of A Decision SupportSystem


Data Management FunctionsData extraction, Validation, Sanitation, Integration and Replication

User Interface FunctionsHyperlinked Multimedia, 3-D Visualization

Model Management FunctionsAnalytical Modeling, Statistical Analysis

LegacySoftware

WebBrowser

OtherSoftware

Operational

DBMarket

DataSalesData

CustomerAccount

Data


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Decision Support Systems Data driven(OLAP, Data Mining),

Models driven(What-If or other models)

Data Visualization and Geographic InformationSystems(GIS)



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Examples Of Analytical ModelingType of Analytical Modeling Activities and Examples

What-if analysis Observing how changes to selected variables affect othervariablesExample: What if we cut Power distribution to Industrial areaby 10 %?What would happen to the production figures of key

industries?Goal-seeking analysis Observing how repeated changes to a single variable affect

other variablesExample: Increasing power supply to industrial area by 2%repeatedly so we can see its relationship to production

Sensitivity analysis Making repeated changes to selected variables until a chosenvariable reaches a target valueExample: Lets try increases in Power supply to IndustrialUnit until production reaches 1 lakh units

Optimization analysis Finding an optimum value for selected variables, givencertain constraintsExample: Whats the best amount of Power distribution tohave between Industrial and Residential units given our

limited Power Supply10/14/2013 Decision Support Systems 27


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Data Visualization And GIS Data visualization: Helps in identifying

patterns and relationships

Charts, maps, tables, digital images, three-

dimensional presentations, animations etc

Data Visualization example

GIS: Data representation in digitized maps

Geographically referenced information

http://localhost/var/www/apps/GLG/Videos/Data%20Visualization.flvhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/GLG/Videos/Data%20Visualization.flv


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GIS Apps for Energy Sector

Information retrieval Maintenance and monitoring

Site Identification

Other applications:

The study and analysis for electrical distribution system,analysis and design.

Applications are also being developed for tackling problem ofdesigning the electrical supply system for new residentialdevelopment.

For process automation in order to provide their customerswith high quality attendance.

To rebuild the design of work procedures in electric utilities.

GIS and GPS are also integrated for mapping and analysis ofelectric distribution circuits.



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GIS Apps For Power Sector

Evaluating system reliability and capacity GIS-based outage management applications help

companies respond to interruptions in service.

Tracking down power loss Managing revenue collection

Identifying suitable sites for new transmissionlines

suitable areas, the optimum path

finding, the profile analyses, the engineering design oftowers and wires and the cost estimation

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