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IT-baserad Distansutbildning inom Energi Tel: 08 790 7472, Fax: 08 204161, epost: [email protected]

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KTH COURSE DESCRIPTIONS Power generation Thermodynamics Repetition Measurement Techniques Applied Energy Technology Project Course Applied Heat and Power Technology Applied Reactor Technology and Nuclear Power Safety Applied Refrigeration and Thermodynamics Fluid Machinery

Sustainable Power Generation 05-03-11

4A1605 SUSTAINABLE POWER GENERATION,

PERIOD 1-2, 2004

Introduction The courses Energy Technology, 4A1603 and 4A1602, was an introduction to the field of Energy Science. Different aspects from energy utilisation and generation were brought up in brief. Orientation was given in power and refrigeration cycles, the technologies, efficiencies and environmental aspects. The energy situation in the world was discussed from an overall perspective. In this course, Sustainable Power Generation, the power generation part will be treated more in detail, starting at the steam cycle power plant. The course can be divided in different blocks, where each block represents an important knowledge base in order to be able to design and assess a sustainable power generation system. The word “sustainable” implies best technology, as high efficiencies as possible, as good environmental values as possible, an acceptable living standard for people but also economical durability.

Objectives The objective with the course is to give the student a deeper knowledge in power generation methods, so that he/she can design and assess power plants from technical, environmental and economical point of view. After the course the student should be able to

• Understand the principles of different power generation methods, both conventional and renewable

• Analyse the conventional power methods thermodynamically • Make a simple economical assessment of a power plant • Perform an environmental assessment and suggest measures for emission control

in a power plant • Compare different power generation alternatives and choose the most suitable for

given conditions • Understand physics of nuclear power and how such a system can be built up • Describe some of the components in a power plant

Content


Block 0: Introduction and Overview 1. Course introduction 2. Introduction to Sustainable Power generation Block 1: Heat and Power Generation Methods 1. Hydro and Wind power 2. Steam Cycle 3. Gas Turbine Cycle 4. Combined Gas and Steam Turbine Cycle 5. Nuclear Power Plants Block 2: Heat Supply 1. Combustion, Fuels and Emission Control 2. Boilers and Furnaces 3. Nuclear Reactor Physics 4. Nuclear Reactor Thermal-Hydraulics 5. Dynamics and Control of Light Water Reactors Block 3: Environmental and Economical Sustainability 1. Energy Economy and Analysis 2. Environmental Aspects of Nuclear Power Plants 3. Safety of Nuclear Power Plants

Course Web page The most important information concerning the course you can find on the SPG course home page. To get to the page start with the department home page: http://www.energy.kth.se. Then choose the version In English in the upper left corner. Click on the link Education. Choose the link Sustainable Power Generation, 6 credits. The homepage will be updated continuously during the course, and here material will be available for download and printing.


DETAILED CONTENT OF THE COURSE

Block 0: Introduction and Overview 0.1 Course Introduction (1h) An overview of the course content and course details. Teachers: Torsten Fransson, Catharina Erlich, Henryk Anglart, Anders Nordstrand, Vitali Fedoulov, Literature Course Program, available on homepage Teaching Units: 1 Learning Units: 2 0.2 Introduction to Sustainable Power Generation (1h) The word "sustainable" implies many things within the energy field. A system is sustainable if it is environmentally, economically and technically sustainable, with a high availability. For example, hydropower is regarded as a renewable energy source, it gives no emissions while producing power, it is an old and well-known technology, and has a very good availability. Hence hydropower is able to be a sustainable system, depending on the size and which technology is utilised. Wind power on the other side, is as well environmentally sustainable, but is very expensive to install and only produces power when it is blowing. Hence from economical and availability viewpoints, it is not sustainable. This lecture will introduce to Sustainable Power Generation concept and will also give an overview of different power generation methods. Teacher: Torsten Fransson Literature: Power point presentation available on the homepage Teaching Units: 1 Learning Units: 2


Block 1: Heat and Power Generation Methods 1.1 Hydro and Wind Power (2 h) Water and wind are two sources for power generation, traditionally utilised in mills. The generation technologies have however been improved during the years, and with the increased environmental awareness, both wind and hydropower are important sources for building a sustainable power generation system. This lecture will give the student an introduction to modern hydro and wind power generation methods and how to assess these. Teacher: Lennart Söder Literature: Book: Boyle 1998, pp 183-208, 267-283 Handouts will be available on the home page. Teaching Units: 2 Learning Units: 4 1.2 Steam Cycle (6h +4h lab) The steam cycle is one of the most important ways of producing power world-over. But how does it work and which configurations can be made to increase the cycle efficiency? Steam superheat and reheat as well as feed water preheating are brought up. Cogeneration is mentioned. Teacher: Anders Nordstrand, Catharina Erlich Literature Software: CompEdu S1B2C1: Rankine Cycle

S1B2C2: Superheat & Reheat Cycle S1B2C5: Feedwater Preheaters

Book: Moran et al, 1998, pp 316-348 Teaching Units: 6 Learning Units: 12


Laboratory Exercise (4h) Simulator Exercise of Västerås Heat and Power Plant. This is an exercise how to start up and operate a cogeneration power plant. There are various parameters to be regulated as well as components such as valves, level controllers etc. Teacher: Tommy Andersson Literature CompEdu S1B2C4: Presentation of the TPP 200 Simulator Handout: Laboratory Guide given at the laboratory exercise Teaching Units: 4 Learning Units: 8 1.3 Gas Turbine Cycle (4h) The gas turbine can be either stationary in power plants producing electricity, or be the engine in an aircraft. Thermodynamic analysis will be done of ideal and real gas turbine cycles and their different configurations intercooling, reheat and regenerative cycle. Calculation of power output, fuel consumption and efficiency will be done. Teacher: Anders Nordstrand, Catharina Erlich Literature Software: CompEdu S1B3C1: Simple Gas Turbine Cycle S1B3C2: Regeneration and Intercooling S1B3C3: Reheat S1B3C6 Books: Moran et al, 1998, pp 383-410

Cohen et al, 2001, pp 45-54, 66-71, 74-81 Teaching Units: 4 Learning Units: 8 1.4 Combined Gas and Steam Turbine Cycle (4h+~6h lab) The combined gas and steam cycle is the commercialised power cycle reaching the highest efficiency. The hot exhaust gases from the gas turbine generate steam in the steam cycle. Heat balances are important in the design of such a cycle. Different combined cycles are treated, starting with the natural gas combined cycle. Pressurised fluidised beds and gasification integration will be mentioned. Teacher: Catharina Erlich, Anders Nordstrand, Miroslav Petrov, Jens Fridh Literature Software: CompEdu S1B4: Combined Cycles


S1B4C1: Introduction S1B4C2: Heat Recovery Steam Generators S1B4C3: Power production S1B5C4 PFBC

Book: Kehlhofer, 1999, pp 2-3, 36-45, 48-65, 98-102, 148-152 Teaching Units: 6 Learning Units: 12 Laboratory Exercise (6h) Presentation of the computerised modelling tool PROSIM. A calculation exercise in combined cycles using the computer program PROSIM will be performed. Teachers: Miroslav Petrov Literature Handouts available on the home page Teaching Units: 6 Learning Units: 12


1.5 Nuclear Power Plants (4h) Design and main systems of present and future reactor types are presented with emphasis on safety and economy. Teacher: Henryk Anglart Literature: Handouts available on the home page Software: CompEdu S1B10C1: Advanced reactors Teaching Units: 4 Learning Units: 8

Block 2: Heat supply 2.1 Combustion, Fuels and Emission Control (6h) Combustion is the phenomenon for releasing fuel bound energy to hot flue gases, which can directly or indirectly generate power. But what happens in the combustion process and how much flue gases are released burning one kilogram of wood or coal? What is the flue gas composition and how much energy is lost with the flue gases in a boiler? Different fuels are brought up as well. Combustion processes always give rise to different kind of emissions that affect the environment in various ways. Some also affect the health of people. The different emissions will be brought up as well as different separation and prevention techniques for the emissions dust, SOx , NOx and CO2 . Teacher: Anders Nordstrand, Catharina Erlich Literature Software: CompEdu S4B1C1: Introduction of Combustion Book: Elliot ,1997 pp, Moran et al, 1998, pp 620-629 Teaching Units: 6 Learning Units: 12 2.2 Boilers and Furnaces (6h) The heart in a thermal power station is where fuel is converted into thermal energy, i.e. a boiler or in a gas turbine combustor. There are different types depending on pressures and temperatures required as well which fuel is used. How is a boiler constructed in general? Traditional as well as more modern boilers are gone through, for example the fluidised bed. Also gas turbine combustion chambers are brought up. Teacher: Anders Nordstrand, Catharina Erlich


Literature Software: CompEdu S4B6C3: Boilers and Furnaces Book: Elliot ,1997 pp Teaching Units: 6 Learning Units: 12 2.3 Nuclear Reactor Physics (6 h) The fundamentals of the nuclear fission process and the basic elements of reactor physics are explained. Parameters relevant for the design of a nuclear reactor core are explained and analyzed. Teacher: Henryk Anglart Literature: Handouts available on the home page Software: CompEdu S1B10C1 Fission and reactor physics Teaching Units: 6 Learning Units: 12 2.4. Nuclear Reactor Thermal-Hydraulics (4 h) The removal of thermal energy generated in the reactor core involves several complicated thermal-hydraulic processes. Especially in a Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) an understanding of such phenomena as transition between various flow regimes, two-phase flow heat transfer, two-phase flow pressure drop and flow stability are important for efficient and safe operation of a nuclear reactor. Basic aspects of reactor thermal-hydraulics and two-phase flow are presented. Teacher: Henryk Anglart Literature: Handouts available on the home page Software: CompEdu S1B10C1 Steam Cycles and Thermo-Hydraulics of Nuclear Power Plants Teaching Units: 4 Learning Units: 8 2.5. Dynamics and Control of Light Water Reactors (2 h) The interaction between reactor thermal-hydraulics and neutron kinetics determinates the dynamic properties of a nuclear reactor. For a safe operation, a nuclear reactor must be inherently stable and easy to control. In this section the dynamic properties of a power reactor are explained and illustrated. Teacher: Henryk Anglart Literature: Handouts available on the home page Software: CompEdu S1B10C1 Reactor Dynamics


Teaching Units: 2 Learning Units: 4

Block 3: Environmental and Economical Sustainability 3.1 Energy Economy and Analysis (4h) The lectures on investment analysis will focus on problems related to engineers. Most engineers will be responsible for large and small investments in their professional life. These investment decisions include technical, managerial, strategic and economic aspects that have to be considered before a decision is made. In this part of the course the focus will lie on the economic calculation methods and economic criteria on investments. The following concepts and methods will be presented: Pay-back, net present value, internal rate of return, economic life, cost analysis and decision criteria. The lectures contain presentations and examples Teacher: Björn Kjellström Literature Software: CompEdu S0B6C1, S0B6C2 Handouts available on the home page Teaching Units: 4 Learning Units: 8 3.2 Environmental Aspects of Nuclear Power (4h) There are several factors that determine whether given source of energy is sustainable or not. In modern approach these factors include not only the source availability relative to the rate of use, but also environmental effects, the question of wastes, safety, and the broad and indefinite aspect of maximizing the options available to future generations. This lecture will focus on environmental aspects of nuclear power, including the nuclear fuel availability and the nuclear waste treatment. Typical fuel cycles of present and future nuclear power plants will be described and analyzed from the sustainability point of view. New options, which will be a part of future nuclear power development, like hydrogen generation and water desalination, will be presented. Finally, evaluation of costs for the nuclear energy will be shown. Teacher: Henryk Anglart Literature: Handouts available on the home page Software: CompEdu S1B10C1; Radiation Physics ; Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Radioactive Waste management ; Environmental Impact of Nuclear Power ; Cost for Nuclear Power Teaching Units: 4


Learning Units: 8

3.3 Safety of Nuclear Power Plants (4 h) Concern for safety is an essential aspect of engineering design in general and in the nuclear field in particular, where unusually stringent measures are adopted to assure the safety of the public and the people working in the plants. This concern is caused by the fact that highly radioactive (and potentially hazardous) fission products are generated in the fuel during operation of nuclear power plants. Generally speaking, the goals of nuclear power plant safety are to reduce the probability of an accident that could lead to the escape of radioactivity from the plant and limit the extend of the radiological hazard in an event that such an accident should occur. In the present lecture the safety measures currently applied in nuclear power plants will be described. Teacher: Henryk Anglart Literature: Handouts available on the home page Software: CompEdu S1B10C1 Nuclear Safety Teaching Units: 4 Learning Units: 8


HPT STUDENT LIBRARY The books given in the reference list are available in this student library. There are around 10 books of each title that are possible to be borrowed by the students. Ann Brånth, Brinellvägen 60, is responsible for the local library, please contact her. Rules to borrow a book: • The key-responsible takes name and phone number from the student borrowing a

book. He/she also writes down the book title and book number. • The student who borrowed the book Monday should return it on Friday and for

student borrowed the book Friday should return it on Monday. This so that no one sits on a book several weeks and the library is empty. To return a book together with the note, again contact the key-responsible so that he/she notes this on the list.

• It is only allowed for a student to borrow one title at time, so one title must be

returned before borrowing the next. • It is not allowed to copy whole chapters from any book. According to international

copyright laws only isolated pages, figures, etc are allowed to be copied and only for own private use.

• Please do not to lend the book to another person in the class without contacting

the key-responsible, so that he/she can note this on the loan-list. • If a book disappears, it should be compensated for by the person signed on the list

presently having the book (each book has a number).


AVAILABLE TITLES Boyle, G. (Editor) 1998 (8 ex)

“Renewable Energy: Power for a Sustainable Future” ISBN: 0-19-856451 (390 SEK; Susy Mathew, Dep. Energy Technology) Cohen, H.; Rogers, GFC and Saravanamuttoo HIH 2001 (10 ex) “Gas Turbine Theory, 5th edition” ISBN 0130158477-X (815 SEK; Ann Brånth, Div. Heat and Power Techn.) Dixon S.L. (10 ex) “Fluid Mechanics. Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery, 4th edition” ISBN 0-7506-7059-2 (470 SEK;Ann Brånth, Div. Heat and Power Techn or Kårbokhandeln/Student bookshop) Elliott, T.C.; Chen, K and Swanekamp, R. 1997 (7 ex) “Standard Handbook of Power Plant Engineering, 2nd ed.” ISBN 0070194351 (about 1500 SEK, Akademibokhandeln)

Energimyndigheten; 2001 (5 ex) “Klimatpolitik i EU” ISBN: 9189184009 Fransson, Torsten H (9 ex) “Measuring Techniques in Thermal Engineering: An Introduction in the Form of Lecture Notes” (150 SEK; Ann Brånth, Div. Heat and Power Techn.) Fransson, Torsten H. (3 ex) Unsteady Aerodynamics and Aeroelasticity of Turbomachines (900 SEK; Ann Brånth, Div. Heat and Power Techn.) Gido Jack, Clements James P. (4 ex) “Successful Project Management” (480 SEK; Kårbokhandeln/Student bookshop) Hill, Philip and Peterson, Carl (2 ex) “Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Propulsion” (ISBN 0-201-14659-2, KTH Student bookshop)


Hölcke, Jan (9 ex) ”Kompendium I Hydrauliska Strömningsmaskiner”

Kanury, Murty A. (3 ex) Combustion Phenomena (ISBN 0-677-02690-0) (Kårbokhandeln/Student bookshop) Kazachkov, Ivan and Kalion, Vitaly (10ex) ”Numerical Continuum Mechanics” (180 SEK; Ann Brånth, Div. Heat and Power Techn.) Kehlhofer, R. 1999 (8 ex) “Combined-Cycle Gas and Steam Turbine Power Plants” ISBN 0878147365 (about 1600 SEK, Akademibokhandeln) Moran M.J. and Shapiro H.N. 1998 (9 ex) “Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, 3d edition” ISBN 0-47197960 (550 SEK; Kårbokhandeln/ Student bookshop) Nelik, Lev (4 ex) ” Centrifugal and Rotary Pumps” ISBN 0-8493-0701-5 (about 1 200 SEK,Kårbokhandeln/Student bookshop)

In English Sök Innehåll Kontakt

Kungl Tekniska Högskolan

Studentwebben KTH / Studentwebben / Studiehandboken (04/05)

Studiehandboken

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TMS-kurser

Beteckningar

Energiteknik, introduktionskurs

Kursinnehåll

Syftet med kursen är att ge en introduktion till och en överblick över energiområdet. Begrepp som ’system’ och ’energikvalitet’ definieras. Energisituationen i världen diskuteras både ur historiskt, nutida och framtida perspektiv.

Miljöproblematiken är en viktig aspekt som tas upp och begränsning av utsläpp, växthuseffekten, internationella miljökonventioner och mål är styrande faktorer för hur framtida energisystem kommer att se ut.

Inom energiomvandlingsblocket tar vi översiktligt upp tekniken kring kraftproduktion och energianvändning, både ur uthållighets- och ekonomiskt perspektiv. Projektuppgifter och studiebesök ingår i kursen, både inom kraftproduktions- och energianvändningsormrådet.

Kursfordringar

Skriftlig tentamen (TEN1) 2p

Registrering tenta

Institutionen för energiteknik

4A1602

Poäng: 2 ECTS poäng: 3 Nivå: C Betyg: G Språk: Engelska

Obligatorisk för TSEEM1 Kursuppläggning Period 1 Föreläsningar 24h Övningar 24h Studiebesök 4h Kursens hemsida

Kursansvarig Docent Per Lundqvist [email protected] tel. 790 74 52

Sidansvarig:Studiehandboksredaktionen, [email protected]: 2004-03-01

Page 1 of 1Studiehandbok 04/05

2005-03-11http://www.kth.se/student/studiehandbok/Kurs.asp?Code=4A1602&&lang=1

2004-09-17

Course 4A5001, Measurement Techniques, 2p. Introduction The course “Measurement Techniques” is given on graduate level and is intended towards all graduate students within the broad field of mechanical engineering. Undergraduate students in their fourth year of studies are also welcome. Course Background and Objectives In numerous engineering research projects, extensive experiments and tests are carried out. Arranging the set-up for any engineering experiment, acquiring results, keeping records, handling results and evaluating uncertainties are critical actions for achieving reliable performance. Together with this, extensive knowledge on measurement equipment, techniques, instruments and tools is required in order for the student to be able to achieve reasonable and reliable results from any experimental set-up. Also for students making numerical studies, the knowledge about measurement techniques is important, as numerical results most often have to be validated towards experimental. The course is aimed at providing systematic knowledge about the abovementioned topics, together with introducing the student to various common and advanced measurement techniques and tools in engineering experiments. The course starts from basics and no previous experience with engineering measurements is required. Course Content The course is built up of lectures (25 lecture hours in total), one laboratory exercise (3 hours) and a compulsory visit to the Measuring Techniques conference (www.energy.kth.se Events). The lectures focus on: Pressure Measurements, Flow Velocity Measurements (aerodynamic probes, hot wire, laser), Mass Flow Measurements, Flow Visualisation, Temperature Measurements, IR-Camera, Heat Radiation Measurements, Gas Chromatograph, Data Evaluation and Errors and practical advices for work in a lab. The laboratory exercises are devoted to Temperature and Pressure Measurements. The course finishes with a written exam. Course Responsible and Examinator Prof. Torsten H. Fransson, [email protected], tel.: 790 7475 Course Coordinator Catharina Erlich, [email protected], tel.: 790 7468

2004-09-17

Schedule: Date Day Time Place Lecture Lecturer 6/9 Mon 1000-1015 M42 Short Course Introduction CE 6/9 Mon 1015-12 M42 Temp Measure. I BP 6/9 Mon 1315-15 M42 Temp Measure. II BP 6/9 Mon 1515-16 M42 Pressure Measurements I TF 7/9 Tues 1215-13 M42 Laser Measurements AK 7/9 Tues 1415-15 M42 Hot Wire/Hot Film DV 7/9 Tues 1515-16 M42 Pressure Measurements II TF 7/9 Tues 1615-18 M42 Aerodynamic Probes TF 8/9 Wedn 915-10 M42 Mass/Volume Flow TF 8/9 Wedn 1015-12 M42 Flow Visualisation TF 8/9 Wedn 1315-14 M42 * * Time dependent pressure measurements. Invited guest lecturer, John Chivers, from Kulite Semiconductior Products, United Kingdom. 9/9 – 10/9 Measuring Techniques conference at KTH including free coffee and lunch (not the dinner). Conference Program is found on http://www.energy.kth.se Events Compulsory participation (= come and listen). If you of some reason do not have the possibility to participate in the conference, you will get a home-assignment to solve with the corresponding work hours instead. 15/9 Wedn 1315-15 M42 Practical Work in Lab JF 15/9 Wedn 1515-17 M42 IR-camera PK 22/9 Wedn 1315-15 M42 Data Evaluation & Errors JF Peter Kjaerboe (PK) Torsten Fransson (TF) Björn Palm (BP) Alexandros Kessar (AK) Damian Vogt (DV) Jan Fredriksson (JF)

2004-09-17

Lab. Temperature, October 4 - 8, 5persons/group, Lab. ETT. Exam: Wednesday October 13 from 9.00-12.00 at M42

På Svenska KTH The Energy Center Map of KTH

Department of Energy Technology The Energy Technology Forum

Home Education Organization Research Events Open positions Staff Contact us

Applied Energy Technology, Project coursePrintable

Coordinator: Andrew Martin Student Assist. Nalin Navarathna

Examiner: Andrew Martin Course nr: 4A1609

Date/period:In brief:

Enlist as participant Please click here for recorded lectures

Monday, January 24, 2005 - Lecture: Project Management Presentation slides are available at BILDA to download

Welcome to the course homepage for the Applied Energy Technology

Syllabus

Preliminary Projects

Lecturers

Students

Schedule

Lecture Material

Student Assessment

Course Evaluation

Participants Jose Carlos Valle Marcos e-mail Bin Liu e-mail Simon Walve e-mail Richard Franzén e-mail Manuel Cerrato e-mail C. G. Fredrik Mannerheim e-mail Fernando Mendez e-mail Mikael Engström e-mail Christian Koski e-mail carlos galvis e-mail Alsacia Romero e-mail Alvaro Ramirez e-mail Alessandro Ricevuti e-mail

Page 1 of 3KTH-EGI Applied Energy Technology, Project course

2005-03-11http://www.energy.kth.se/index.asp?pnr=12&ID=1015&lang=0

Copyright © KTH-EGI 1997-2005 http://www.energy.kth.se Page modified Friday, November 12, 2004




Syllabus Printable

Conventional engineering education primarily focuses on providing students with independent mastery of a variety of topics. However, in the real-world engineers are faced with other challenges. Often they have to work in teams to solve complex technical problems with scarce data and new knowledge that they will have to learn. One of the main goals of this course is to expose students to teamworking within a project engineering similar to the ones encountered in real-world contexts. The Problem-based learning, PBL, is meant to learn from a real problem and to work out a solution based on the information and knowledge available. An alternative learning strategy is needed to achieve these new goals. PBL is the most appropriate way to learn these skills is provide advanced masters students with the possibility to learn how to defines a problem, define the knowledge and data needed, organize and distribute tasks within the group members and engineer a solution that satisfy both the industrial customer and the academic supervisors.

Back to 4A1609 course home page

The Department of Energy Technology, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden. EGI

Page 1 of 1KTH-EGI Syllabus





Preliminary Projects Printable

Responsible: Nalin Navarathna

There are seven projects available

Applied Thermodynamics and RefrigerationProject ETT 1 (click here for more information)

Develop a small refrigeration system, with a cooling capacity of about 5 kW using ammoniaas refrigerant. Ammonia is an excellent refrigerant which has been used in parallel with the "Freons" since thebeginning of the 1930s. However, ammonia is mainly used in large systems for commercial orIndustrial refrigeration. As ammonia has a strong smell and is poisonous in higher concentrations, as well as flammableunder certain conditions, the refrigeration system has to be designed for a minimum amount ofcharge. The targer should be to design for less than 100 g of ammonia. The safety of the systemin case of leaks is also of utmost importance. This may include absorption of ammonia by water,ventilated hood, ammonia sensors etc.

Heat and Power TechnologyProject EKV 1 (click here for more information)

Energy balances and other investigations on two large industrial boiler units in Finland. In Jakobstad, Finland, there are two large industrial steam boilers each with a thermal load of ca.400 MW. One is a heat recovery boiler in a paper mill and the other boiler operates with biomassas a fuel.. The boilers are connected to separate steam turbines. The project will include energy balances on the units, recalculation of some heat transfer surfacesand investigating the reasons of unsteady production of steam. The project will be carried out by students at KTH in cooperation with students from The TechnicalUniversity of Helsinki, Finland

Project EKV 2 (click here for more information)

Developments in a combined heat and power unit at Nyköping Nyköping is a medium size city south of Stockholm. It has a district heating system mainlysupplied by biofuels. The largest unit, a CHP steam plant, can produce 35 MW electricity and 60MW heat and in addition 15 MW in a flue gas condenser. The project will include energy balances as a base to increase the output of electricity and to get amore accurate efficiency of the boiler. Better quality analyses of fuel and reduction of the numberof alarms during operation can also be part of the project.

Nuclear Reactor TechnologyProject ERT 1 (click here for more information)

Computer simulation of a nuclear power plant using TRACE and RELAP5 codes In this project students will learn how to use one of the best simulation suits used for safetyanalysis of nuclear power plants. The objectives of the project are to install, test and apply thesimulator for a real study of an example nuclear power plant with pressurized water reactor.

Page 1 of 2KTH-EGI Preliminary Projects


Copyright © KTH-EGI 1997-2005 http://www.energy.kth.se Page modified Tuesday, December 14, 2004

Project ERT 2 (click here for more information)

Evaluation of sensitivity of Ringhals 2 PSA results to changes in allowed outage times andtest intervals for safety systems in a nuclear power plant Probabilistic Safety Analyses (PSA) methodology is today an important toll for risk assessments innuclear power plants as well as in process industry in general. The purpose of this project is toinvestigate the Ringhals 2 PSA results (core damage frequency) sensitivity to “Variations in allowed outage times” and “Variations in test intervals” The project is made in co-operation with Ringhals AB. A study visit to the Ringhals Nuclear PowerPlant is planned as part of the project.

Sustainable Building SystemsProject EBS 1 (click here for more information)

Designing an eco-village in Upplands Väsby The development plan for the municipality Upplands Väsby north of Stockholm includes a creation of a number of housing estates. One part of this development plan is to design and develop a“green/eco” village with 25 houses that will serve as a sustainability demonstration project. A team of students from different departments at KTH will be engaged in this project (EnergyTechnology, Architecture, Industrial Ecology and Land and Water Engineering). The project isopen to all students with the SEU major, additionally one or two students from the SPG major areinvited to participate mainly by designing a centralised heating system with a biomass boiler.

DownloadsPDF1, PDF2, PDF3, PDF4, PDF5, PDF6, PDF7, PDF8, PDF9, PDF10, PDF11

Project EBS 2 (click here for more information)

Energy system optimisation of SSSB Jerum Jerum is one of the first housing estates included in the SSSB portfolio. The area was built in 1961and was renovated and partly converted few years ago. It includes three eight-storey houses in Gärdet, with total area of 17257 m2, and a total of 442 apartments. The aim of the students’ project is to investigate the current energy system at Jerum and thendevelop the most sustainable and efficient energy management system for this housing estate.The solution should provide sufficient thermal comfort and indoor climate conditions for theinhabitants and should account/be adaptable/adjustable for highly diversified needs andpreferences of future occupants, which may come from all over the world. The project is open toall students with the SEU major.

Back to 4A1609 course home page


Page 2 of 2KTH-EGI Preliminary Projects





COURSEPROGRAM2005Printable

Responsible: Anders Nordstrand

4A1626 APPLIED HEAT AND POWER TECHNOLOGY,

PERIOD 3-4, 2005

Introduction The course Energy Technology, 4A1603, was an introduction to the field of Energy Science. Different aspects from energy utilisation and generation were brought up in brief. Orientation was given in power and refrigeration cycles, the technologies, efficiencies and environmental aspects. The energy situation in the world was discussed from an overall perspective. In the course Sustainable Power Generation, 4A1605, overview, exercises and more detailed studies were given within the field of heat and power generation. Heat and power generation based on combustion was treated in detail as well as generation based on nuclear reactors. This course, 4A1626, is partly connected to the project course, 4A1609, and some lectures will give knowledge which can be used in the project work. In this course, Applied Heat and Power Technology, heat and power applications will be treated in detail, such as the components in a power plant, measuring techniques as well as deeper cycle studies and heat and power in industry.

Objectives After this course the student should be able to • In detail understand the principles of different power generation methods, • Make a technical assessment of a power plant, and suggest how the plant should

be controlled. • Describe all main components in a power plant • Understand the technical issues of the different prime movers • Understand the function of thermal process systems in a power plant and how

these are controlled and operated • Design a power generation unit from given conditions • Understand heat and power technology from an overall perspective and in detail,

how different processes are built up and how they are integrated in the society • Have a basic knowledge how the electricity grid works • Get a future perspective of heat and power technologies, and understand what are

the main features of the future power generation methods

Content Block 0: Introduction and Overview 0.1 Course introduction (1h) Block 1: Measurement Technology (3h) 1.1 Measuring Techniques in Power Plants (3h) Block 2: Combustion (18h) 2.1 Gas Turbine Combustion Chambers and Catalytic Combustion (3h)

Page 1 of 12KTH-EGI courseprogram2005


2.2 Liquid fuels (3h) 2.3 Black Liquor (3h) 2.4 Recovery boiler (3h) 2.5 Laboration on “Fluidised Beds” (3h) 2.6 Laboration on “Rover Gas Turbine Combustor Chamber“ (3h) Block 3: Prime Movers (21h) 3.1 Steam Turbines (6h) 3.2 Internal Combustion Engines (3h) 3.3 Micro Gas Turbines (3h) 3.4 Gas Turbine Operation and Control (3h) 3.5 Turbomachinery in the Sustainable Energy World (3h) 3.5.1 Visit to Rymdbolaget, Swedish Space Corporation (3h) Block 4: Energy Systems (38h) 4.1 Flue Gas Heat Recovery (3h) 4.2 District Heat- and Cooling Systems (3h) 4.3 Frequency Control (3h) 4.4 Feed Water Technology (3h) 4.5 Steam Power Plants: Simulation Exercise (8h) 4.5.1 Visit to Högdalen Incineration Power Plant (3h) 4.6 Energy in the Cane Sugar and ethanol industries (3h) 4.7 Gas turbines with steam integration (3h) 4.8 Condensers (3h) 4.9 Novel Cycles (3h) 4.10 Appropriate technologies for stand alone power generation in developing countries (3h)



Course Requirements Approval on the written exam (TEN1, 3p), approved simulation exercises (LAB1, 1p) and performed laborations on “Fluidised Bed” and “. The total amount of points on the exam is around 80. To pass you need around 40 points. At the end of some lectures (about once a month), a paper with control quiz will be given to the students. The students answer the questions and give the paper to the teacher. Correct answers can give up to 10% credits to the examination (If the total points are 80 points, you can get up to 8 points by answering the quiz correctly). The purpose of the quiz is also to encourage the student to study continuously.

Literature The literature consists of handouts, references and certain chapters from the CompEdu program. We suggest that you buy your own binder and collect the material from each part/lecture in this.

Teaching Units and Learning Units In each section it is mentioned the amount of teaching and learning units. The teaching units are equal to the amount of teaching hours. Learning units correspond to the amount of hours the student is expected to study the present subject including the time spent on a lecture.

Teachers Nordstrand, Anders [email protected] 790 74 70 Fransson, Torsten [email protected] 790 74 75 Andersson, Tommy [email protected] 790 74 69 Erlich, Catharina [email protected] 790 74 71 Almqvist, Per [email protected] 790 74 70 Kjellström, Björn [email protected] Reza Fakhrai [email protected] 790 84 02 Jeevan Jayasuriya [email protected] 790 74 38

Guest Lecturers Lennart Söder, EKC, KTH Thomas Stenhede, Wärtsilää Diesel Anders Wik, Vattenfall Rolf Gabrielsson, VAC Torsten Strand, Siemens Industrial Turbines



Detailed Content of the Course

Block 0: Introduction and Overview (1h) 0.1 Course introduction (1h) Teachers: Torsten Fransson, Anders Nordstrand Literature: This Course Program

Block 1: Measurement Technology (3h) 1.1 Measuring Techniques in Power Plants (3h) To be able to control any process, several measurements are needed. Themeasured values give the power plant operator a status of the process and also anindication if something needs adjustment. In a power plant, it is necessary tomeasure temperatures, pressures and flows. This lectures bring up instruments likethermocouples, RTD:s, pressure probes, transducers, manometers as well as orificemeters and other flow measuring device. It is also important to know how to connectthese instruments and how to interpret data. Attention will be paid to measurementerrors. Teacher: prof. Torsten H Fransson Literature: Compedu: S3B1-B7 Which CompEdu chapters that should be studied in detail will be brought up during the lectures. The corresponding chapters /pages will be indicated during the lectures and will thereafter be posted on the course web page so that the students will receive this information. Book: Elliot et al, 1998, pp 5.3-5.28; 5.33-5.88 Compendium: Fransson ”Measurement Technologies in Thermal Engineering” Teaching Units: 3 Learning Units: 6

Block 2: Combustion (18h) 2.1 Gas Turbine Combustion Chambers and Catalytic Combustion (3h) The gas turbine can be a stationary power producing unit or an aircraft engine. It isworking with high temperatures, which implies high criteria on the turbine material.This lecture will bring up the design of a gas turbine, such as combustion chambersand cooling systems. Catalytic combustion is a new technology, implying that combustion can take place at a lower temperature in presence of a catalyst. The technique has an environmental advantage, as less nitrogen oxides are formed. This lecture will bring up how it works both from technical and chemical point of view. Teacher: Anders Nordstrand Literature: CompEdu: S4B7C1, S4B6C1 Handout: Available on home page after the lecture Book: Elliot et al, 1998, pp: 3.66-3.70; 3.73-3.89 Cohen et al, 2000, chapter 6, pp 320-328 (chap 7.6), pp 48-53 Teaching Units: 3 Learning Units: 6 2.2 Liquid fuels (3h) In many heat and power application, liquid fuel plays a major roll. The type of fuel in many cases determines the design properties of the combustion devise. In the lecture in this part, approaches and techniques regarding the calculation of residence time and combustor length are discussed.



Teacher: Reza Fakhrai Literature: Handouts available on home page after lecture Teaching Units: 3 Learning Units: 6 2.3 Black Liquor (3h) Is it a solid or liquid fuel? In this part the origin, physical and chemical properties of the fuel are discussed. The combustion behaviour and the future of the fuel is also reviewed. Teacher: Reza Fakhrai Literature: Handouts available on home page after lecture Teaching Units: 3 Learning Units: 6 2.4 Recovery boiler (3h) The one and only boiler that is CO2 consumer while it generates steam used in pulp and paper industry. In the lecture in this part, the purpose, size and environmental issue of Recovery boiler will be discussed. Teacher: Reza Fakhrai Literature: Handouts available on home page after lecture Teaching Units: 3 Learning Units: 6 2.5 Laboration on a Fluidised Bed (3h) Teacher: Jeevan Jayasuriya Literature: Lab Instructions available on Home Page 2.6 Laboration on “Rover Gas Turbine Combustion Chamber” (3h) Teacher: Jeevan Jayasuriya Literature: Lab Instructions available on Home Page

Block 3: Prime Movers (15h) 3.1 Steam Turbines (6h) The steam turbine is the power producing unit in a steam power plant. This lecture will bring up the design of steam turbines, with and without steam extractions. The effect on the performance of the pressures and temperatures are to be analysed. The lecture will be followed by a calculation exercise later. Teacher: Anders Nordstrand Literature: Handouts available on home page after lecture Book: Elliot et al, 1998, pp 3.27-3.51 Teaching Units: 6 Learning Units: 12 3.2 Internal Combustion Engines (3h) These power producing units we meet in our daily life, in cars and buses. This lecture will bring up the working principles, different designs, fuel-injection systems, emissions. The effect on the engine performance of different fuels, such as ethanol and bio-gas will be mentioned. Finally will be gone through how the engines can be integrated as stationary power plants. Teacher: Thomas Stenhede Literature: Handouts available on home page after lecture Book: Elliot et al, 1998, pp: 3.123-3.153 Teaching Units: 3 Learning Units: 6 3.3 Micro Gas Turbines (3h) Micro turbines are a new type of gas turbines being used for stationary energy



generation applications. They are small gas turbines with a power output in the range 25 – 500kW. The micro turbines have evolved from automotive gas turbine development programs, turbochargers and auxiliary power units for air-planes and are comprised of compressor, combustor, turbine, recuperator and generator. The micro turbine markets are power generation, combined heat and power generation (CHP) and direct mechanical drive for air conditioning systems. This short course will give an insight in alternative gas turbine cycles, components, alternative fuels and materials. The main manufacturers and the micro turbine designs will be reviewed. The current market situation and the forecasts also will be discussed. A new development of ultra small micro turbines, MEMS, in the power range 10-100 W also will be described. This turbine development is going on at MIT, USA. A potential market for these extremely small gas turbines can be power units for portable electronics, which require compact energy supply. Teacher: Rolf Gabrielsson Literature: Handouts available on home page after lecture Teaching Units: 3 Learning Units: 6 3.4 Gas Turbine Operation Control (3h) -Sequencing, safety and protection, emission control methods, transients (load rejection, fuel change over) Teacher: Torsten Strand Literature: Handouts available on home page after lecture Teaching Units: 3 Learning Units: 6 3.5 Turbomachinery in the Sustainable Energy World (3h) Transition period, fossile fuels with CO2 recovery, renewable fuels, impact on turbomachinery, Research and development areas. Teacher: Torsten Strand Literature: Handouts available on home page after lecture Teaching Units: 3 Learning Units: 6 3.5.1 Visit to “RYMDBOLAGET, SWEDISH SPACE CORPORATION” (3h) Information about the Swedish Space program. Research and ongoing projects. See day-by-day schedule.

Block 4: Energy Systems (38h) 4.1 Flue gas Heat Recovery (3h) The flue gases can in a final step be cooled down so that the water within the gases condenses. The aim is to recover more heat, most often used for district heating, but also to separate some emissions still left, that will condense in the water, for example dioxins that occur in combustion of municipal waste. Teacher: Anders Nordstrand Literature: Available on home page after lecture Teaching Units: 3 Learning Units: 6 4.2 District Heat- and Cooling systems (3h) This lecture informs you about district cooling and heating from a system point of view. Design parameters, losses and economy will be discussed. Aspects how things are connected to each other are of importance. The simulator exercise later is a continuation of this lecture. Teacher: Anders Nordstrand/Per Almqvist Literature: Available on home page after the lecture



Teaching Units: 3 Learning Units: 6 4.3 Frequency Control (3h) All power plants in a country are in general connected to the national electricity grid. The grid holds a certain frequency, which is the measure of the balance of the production and consumption. This lecture will bring up how the grid is controlled and how power production units balance their production, in order to keep the frequency.Teacher: Lennart Söder Literature: Available on home page after lecture Teaching Units: 3 Learning Units: 6 4.4 Feed Water Technology (3h) The water used in a steam cycle must be treated chemically before entering the boiler. The level of treatment depends mainly on the pressure. This lecture will give you knowledge about the damages bad water can cause but also knowledge about different treatment and cleaning technologies for water. Teacher: Anders Wik Literature: Available on home page after lecture Teaching Units: 3 Learning Units: 6 4.5 Steam Power Plants: Simulation Exercise (8h) In the course "Sustainable Power Generation, 4A1605", the students were introduced to the TPP simulator. In this course, deeper studies are to be done on different operational parameters in a steam power plant. The students will get more familiar with operational issues and should be able to understand in brief how a power plant is run. A written report has to be given as an assignment. Teacher: Tommy Andersson Literature: Handouts during laboration Teaching Units: 8 Learning Units: 4 4.5.1 Visit to Högdalen Incineration Power Plant (3h) Högdalen heat and power plant is owned by FORTUM, and it is burning industrial waste and municipal waste from the households in Stockholm. The plant is situated in Högdalen south of Stockholm and produces district heating to southern Stock-holm including the suburbs. Teacher: Anders Nordstrand + Guide Teaching Units: 3 Learning Units: 3 4.6 Energy in the Sugar Cane and ethanol industries (3h) From world point of view, two important industries are the sugar and Ethanol productions from cane. The processes need both heat and power, and ethanol can also be used as a liquid fuel in engines. The heat in the processes is mainly produced from burning bagasse, which is a residue from the process. This lecture will give the insight in these industries from an energy point of view. Teacher: Catharina Erlich Literature: Available on home page after lecture Teaching Units: 3 Learning Units: 6 4.7 Gas turbines with steam integration (3h) The efficiency of a gas turbine can be improved by distributing superheated steam before the expansion of gases in the turbine part in a gas turbine. The steam is produced from heat recovery of the gas



turbine exhaust. The steam injection provides a higher mass flow through the turbine increasing the power output without virtually increasing the compressor work. This lecture will be about the STIG and EvGT cycles, and also an exercise on thermodynamic anaylsis of the cycles will be provided. Teacher: Catharina Erlich Literature: Available on home page after lecture Teaching Units: 3 Learning Units: 6 4.8 Condensers (3h) The condenser is an important part of a steam power plant. The pressure inside should be as low as possible if the product is only electricity. For this purpose cold water is needed but also air suction. This lecture deals with how the condenser and the air suction system is constructed. Calculation exercise is included. Teacher: Anders Nordstrand Literature: Available on home page after lecture Teaching Units: 3 Learning Units: 6 4.9 Novel Cycles (3h) Research is going on in the field of thermal power generation in order to find even better efficiencies and flexibility than the common gas and steam combined cycle. This lecture will go through ABC- cycle, EvGT, Kalina and some other processes. Teacher: Anders Nordstrand Literature: CompEdu: S1B5C1, C2, C9 Available on home page after lecture Teaching Units: 3 Learning Units: 9 4.10 Appropriate technologies for stand alone power generation in developing countries (3h) Rural electrification in developing countries must, to a large extent, be organised as isolated mini-grids supplied by stand-alone power plants. The available technologies for such power plants will be discussed with respect to their suitability in developing countries. The potential for using thermal power plants in this application will be given special attention. Teacher: Björn Kjellström Literature: Available on home page after lecture Teaching Units: 3 Learning Units: 9



HPT STUDENT LIBRARY The books given in the reference list are available in this student library. There are around 10 books of each title that are possible to be borrowed by the students. Ann Brånth, Brinellvägen 60, is responsible for the key, please contact the present responsible person. Monday 09.00-10.00 and Friday 14.00-15.00 Rules to borrow a book: • The key-responsible take name and phone number from the student borrowing a

book. He/she also writes down the book title and book number • The student who borrowed the book Monday should return it on Friday and

for student borrowed the book Friday should return it on Monday. This so that no one sits on a book several weeks and the library is empty. To return a book together with the note, again contact the key-responsible so that he/she notes this on the list

• It is only allowed for a student to borrow one title at time, so one title must be returned before borrowing the next.

• It is not allowed to copy whole chapters from any book. According to international copyright laws only isolated pages, figures, etc are allowed to be copied and only for own private use.

• Please do not to lend the book to another person in the class without contacting the key-responsible, so that he/she can note this on the loan-list.

• If a book disappears, it should be compensated for by the person signed on the list presently having the book (Each book has a number).



REFERENCES CompeduHPT 2003 Computerised Educational Program Div. Heat and Power Technology (200 SEK; 100 SEK will be returned when the CD-Rom is returned to the department, M.Salomón) Cohen, H.; Rogers, GFC and Saravanamuttoo HIH 2001 “Gas Turbine Theory, 5th edition” ISBN 0130158477-X (815 SEK; Ann Brånth, Div. Heat and Power Techn.) Elliott, T.C.; Chen, K and Swanekamp, R. 1997 “Standard Handbook of Power Plant Engineering, 2nd ed.” ISBN 0070194351 (about 1500 SEK, Akademibokhandeln) Kehlhofer, R. 1999 “Combined-Cycle Gas and Steam Turbine Power Plants” ISBN 0878147365 (about 1500 SEK, Akademibokhandeln)

Other courses using the books: 4A1609 Applied Energy Technology, project course: “Cohen et al, 2000”; “Elliot et al, 1997”; “Kehlhofer, 1999” and “Moran et al, 1998”; Book in Engineering Economics 4A1626 Applied Heat and Power Technology: : “Cohen et al, 2000”; “Elliot et al, 1997” “Kehlhofer, 1999”



TIME SCHEDULE, DAY BY DAY

Day Date Time Place Lecture Lecturer Tues 18/1 8-12 M3 “Introduction” and “Flue Gas Heat Recovery” AN Thur 20/1 9-12 M3 “Gas. Turb. Comb. Chamb. and Cath. Comb.” AN Tues 25/1 9-12 M3 “District Heating/cooling” AN/PA Thur 27/1 9-12 M3 “Measuring Tech. in Power Plants” THF Thur 3/2 9-12 M3 “Frequency control” Lennart Söder Tues 8/2 9-12 M3 “Liquid Fuels” RF Thur 10/2 9-12 M3 “Feed Water Technology” Anders Wik Tues 15/2 9-12 M3 “Black Liquor” RF Thur 17/2 9-12 M3 “Recovery Boiler” RF Tues 22/2 9-12 M3 ”Steam Turbines” AN Thur 24/2 9-12 M3 “Steam Turbine calculation” AN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mon 28/2 9-12 VISIT to Högdalen Incineration Plant. GROUP A Wed 2/3 9-12 VISIT to Högdalen Incineration Plant. GROUP B Subway green line to “Högdalen”. Go to the left. Around 15 minutes walk. Be outside the plant at 9.00 !! ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tues 5/4 9-12 M3 “Cane Sugar Industry” CE Thur 7/4 9-12 M3 “Gas Turbine Operation and Control” Torsten Strand Tues 12/4 9-12 “Turbomachinery in the Sustainable Energy World” Torsten Strand Thur 14/4 9-12 M3 “Internal Comb. Engines” Thomas Stenhede Tues 19/4 8.45-12 M3 “Gas turbines with steam integration” CE Thur 21/4 9-12 M3 “Micro Gas Turbines” Rolf Gabrielsson Tues 26/4 9-12 M3 ”Condensers” AN Thur 28/4 9-12 M3 “Appropriate technologies” Björn Kjellström



Copyright © KTH-EGI 1997-2005 http://www.energy.kth.se Page modified Tuesday, January 18, 2005

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tues 3/5 9-12 VISIT to ”RYMDBOLAGET, SWEDISH SPACE CORPORATION” GROUP A Subway nr 10 to “VRETEN”. 2 minutes from the station. To the left. Be there at 9.00 !!! ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tues 10/5 9-12 VISIT to ”RYMDBOLAGET, SWEDISH SPACE CORPORATION” GROUP B Subway nr 10 to “VRETEN”. 2 minutes from the station. To the left. Be there at 9.00 !!! ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tues 12/5 9-12 M3 “Novel Cycles” AN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LABORATION “Fluidised Beds” (3h) Groups of 5 persons after discussion with Jeevan Jayasuriya LABORATION “Rover Gas Turbine Combustion Chamber” (3h) Groups of 5 persons after discussion with Jeevan Jayasuriya

SIMULATION EXERCISE, group 1-4 (8 hours/person) Thur 10/2 13-17 Simulation Exercise, Ö1 Group 1 Thur 17/2 13-17 Simulation Exercise, Ö1 Group 2 Thur 24/2 13-17 Simulation Exercise, Ö1 Group 3 Mon 28/2 13-17 Simulation Exercise, Ö1 Group 4 Wed 2/3 13-17 Simulation Exercise, Ö2 Group 1 Fri 15/4 13-17 Simulation Exercise, Ö2 Group 2 Tue 19/4 13-17 Simulation Exercise, Ö2 Group 3 Fri 22/4 8-12 Simulation Exercise, Ö2 Group 4 Tue 26/4 13-17 Simulation Exercise, extra time Thur 28/4 13-17 Simulation Exercise, extra time -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

EXAMINATION

Tuesday 1/6 14-19 M21-M23 One theoretical part without help and one problem part with help

The Department of Energy Technology, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden.

EGI



Applied Reactor Technology and Nuclear Power Safety, 4A1627; 4 cp

Course Description Course Objectives The purpose of the course is to provide a general knowledge on the physical processes that take place in nuclear power plants as well as an ability to perform quantitative analyses of such processes. In particular, students will learn the principles of nuclear reactor physics and thermal-hydraulics, as well as the methods of the nuclear and thermal designs of nuclear reactors. The various safety functions available in nuclear power plants will be described and analysed in detail in order to understand their functionality. After completion of the present course, students will be able to:

• Calculate various nuclear parameters in a reactor including the multiplication factors of critical and sub-critical systems, reactivity and reactivity coefficients

• Explain the principles of reactor poisoning

• Calculate the reactivity changes in a reactor due to poisoning

• Explain the principles of reactor control and operation

• Calculate temperature distributions, pressure drops and void fraction distributions in

fuel assemblies of nuclear reactors.

• Explain nuclear power plant behaviour and environmental consequences caused by design basis and severe core meltdown accidents.

• Reflect on nuclear core design constraints in terms of limiting important operating parameters.

Course prerequisites Students should be acquainted with the nuclear physics corresponding to the nuclear part in course 4A1605, however, this course is not a mandatory prerequisite. For those who have not taken that course it is recommended to consult DOE Fundamentals Handbook, Nuclear Physics and Reactor Theory, Volume 1 (DOE-HDBK-1019/1-93 freely available on the Web). It is assumed that students have a rudimentary knowledge of mathematics, physics, fluid mechanics and heat transfer. In particular, students should be able to solve simple sets of linear ordinary differential equations as well as invoke fundamental principles of conservation of mass, momentum and energy. Even though the course level corresponds to rather non-advanced mathematics, students are expected to feel comfortable in manipulating equations

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and perform fundamental calculus. Students are encouraged to use Matlab or equivalent software (e.g. Scilab) for programmed solutions of home assignments and exercises. Course Language The course is given in English Course Staff Teacher and examiner: Henryk Anglart, ([email protected]), 790 74 82 Course assistant: Krzysztof Karkoszka, ([email protected]), 790 93 36 Both of us work in the EGI building, Brinellvägen 60. Henryk’s room is located in the main building at 2nd floor, room K129. Krzysztof is best available via phone or email. Contents The content of the course is as follows: Part 1- Reactor Physics Important physical principles and relationships are discussed and illustrated using examples and analysis such as: the neutron life cycle, infinite and effective multiplication factors, reactivity and reactivity coefficients, neutron poisons, reactor control and operation. Part 2 - Thermal-hydraulics The principles for the transfer of heat from the reactor fuel to reactor coolant are presented. The related subjects that are included are as follows: temperature in the fuel rods, convective heat transfer in fuel elements, single-phase and two-phase flow in heated channels, pressure drop distributions for single- and two-phase flows, void fraction distributions for two-phase flows, critical heat flux and the dry-out phenomena, reactor core transients and reactor core stability. Part 3 - Nuclear Reactor Safety Among the material presented are topics such as: design basis and core meltdown accidents in Light Water Reactors, including topics like accident progression, accident management and the radiological consequences of such type of accidents. Course literature The basic course literature is available on the course homepage as downloadable PDF files. The literature consists of compendium, lecture handouts and DOE Fundamentals Handbook, Nuclear Physics and Reactor Theory, Volume 2 (DOE-HDBK-1019/2-93 freely available on the Web). For those who are interested in additional reading, the following books are recommended: - Nuclear Reactor Engineering, S. Glasstone and A. Sesonske, 3rd ed., Krieger Publishing Company, 1991, ISBN 0-89464-567-6, (NRE); - Introduction to Nuclear Engineering, J. Lamarsh and A. Baratta, Prentice-hall, 2001, (INE).

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mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Activities Lecture sessions Lecture sessions will consist of several units including lecturing period and exercise periods led by the teacher and/or the teacher assistant. Some lectures, as indicated below in the table, will contain presentations of home assignments, during which randomly selected students will present solutions to the latest home assignment. The following lecture sessions are planned: Lecture 1: 2004-01-17, 8:15-12:00 Title: Neutron Life Cycle 8:15-9:00 Lecturing period 9:15-10:00 Lecturing period 10:15-11:00 Exercises in groups – solving examples 11:15-11:45 Presentation and discussion of solutions 11:45-12:00 Handing out and discussion of Home Assignment #1 (HA1) Lecture 2: 2004-01-19, 8:15-12:00 Title: Reactivity and Reactivity Coefficients 8:15-9:00 Lecturing period 9:15-10:00 Lecturing period 10:15-11:00 Exercises in groups – solving examples 11:15:12:00 Presentation and discussion of solutions Lecture 3: 2004-01-24, 8:15-12:00 Title: Neutron Poisons 8:15-9:00 Lecturing period 9:15-10:00 Presentations of solutions to HA1 by randomly selected students 10:15-11:00 Lecturing period 11:15:11:45 Lecturing period 11:45-12:00 Handing out and discussion of HA2 Lecture 4: 2004-01-26, 8:15-12:00 Title: Control Rods and Sub-Critical Systems 8:15-9:00 Lecturing period 9:15-10:00 Lecturing period 10:15-11:00 Exercises in groups – solving examples 11:15:12:00 Presentation and discussion of solutions Lecture 5: 2004-02-02, 8:15-12:00 Title: Reactor Kinetics and Reactor Operation 8:15-9:00 Lecturing period 9:15-10:00 Presentations of solutions to HA2 by randomly selected students 10:15-11:00 Lecturing period 11:15:11:45 Exercises in groups – solving examples 11:45:12:00 Presentation and discussion of solutions Lecture 6: 2004-02-02, 13:15-17:00 Title: Introduction to Thermal-Hydraulic Analysis of Nuclear Reactor Cores 13:15-14:00 Lecturing period

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14:15-15:00 Lecturing period 15:15-16:00 Exercises in groups – solving examples 16:15-16:45 Presentation and discussion of solutions 16:45-17:00 Handing out and discussion of HA3 Lecture 7: 2004-02-07, 8:15-12:00 Title: Thermal-Hydraulic Analysis of Single-Phase Flows in Heated Channels 8:15-9:00 Lecturing period 9:15-10:00 Lecturing period 10:15-11:00 Exercises in groups – solving examples 11:15-12:00 Presentation and discussion of solutions Lecture 8: 2004-02-09, 8:15-12:00 Title: Thermal-Hydraulic Analysis of Two-Phase Flows in Heated Channels 8:15-9:00 Lecturing period 9:15-10:00 Presentations of solutions to HA3 by randomly selected students 10:15-11:00 Lecturing period 11:15-11:45 Lecturing period 11:45-12:00 Handing out and discussion of HA4 Lecture 9: 2004-02-14, 8:15-12:00 Title: Thermal-Hydraulic Design of Nuclear Reactor Cores 8:15-9:00 Lecturing period 9:15-10:00 Lecturing period 10:15-11:00 Exercises in groups – solving examples 11:15-12:00 Presentation and discussion of solutions Lecture 10: 2004-02-16, 8:15-12:00 Title: Dynamics and Stability of Nuclear Reactor Cores 8:15-9:00 Lecturing period 9:15-10:00 Presentations of solutions to HA4 by randomly selected students 10:15-11:00 Lecturing period 11:15:11:45 Exercises in groups – solving examples 11:45:12:00 Presentation and discussion of solutions Lecture 11: 2004-02-21, 8:15-12:00 Title: Design Basis Accidents in Light Water Reactors 8:15-9:00 Lecturing period 9:15-10:00 Lecturing period 10:15-11:00 Exercises in groups – solving examples and discussion 11:15-12:00 Lecturing period Lecture 12: 2004-02-21, 8:15-12:00 Title: Core Melt-Down Accidents in Light Water Reactors 8:15-9:00 Lecturing period 9:15-10:00 Lecturing period 10:15-11:00 Exercises in groups – solving examples and discussion 11:15-12:00 Lecturing period NOTE: the presence in the presentations of solutions to Home Assignments is compulsory!

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Study visit A study visit to the nuclear power plant in Forsmark will take place on March the 1st, 2005. All details of the study trip will be given later during the course. All students interested to participate in the trip have to contact the course responsible person by January 31st 2005. Course schedule This course runs in the Spring term (January – March). The detailed timetable and location of all activities of the course are available from KTH Schema – page: (http://www.kth.se/utbildning/schema). Examination Method The examination will have two obligatory parts:

1. Home assignments 2. Final written exam

Home Assignments All students are requested to solve four home assignments with two questions each: two assignments related to the reactor physics and two related to the reactor thermal-hydraulics. The assignments will be handed out periodically during the course and must be completed within one week. The home assignments have to be returned in a written form before the lecture they are due. Randomly selected students will consecutively present the solutions to the class. Failure to present the correct solution or absence in the presentation session will cause a loss of points obtained for the home assignment. The timetable for handing out and return/presentation of home assignments is given below. Home assignment Handed out Return/Presented to class HA1 2005-01-17 2005-01-24 HA2 2005-01-24 2005-02-02 HA3 2005-02-02 2005-02-09 HA4 2005-02-09 2005-02-16 A home assignment will be graded by the course responsible according to the following principles:

1. Each question can bring at maximum 5 points (e.g. the total number of points for a home assignment is 10).

2. 2 points will be given for correct identification of the principles that are involved. 3. 2 additional points will be given for correct mathematical description of the problem. 4. 1 additional point will be given for correct final (numerical) answer.

A home assignment will not be graded (no points will be given) for students that fail to present the correct solution to the class or are absent during the presentation. The total number of points that can be obtained from home assignments and that will count to the final mark is 40. To get this number of points students have to return all home

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assignments in due time with correct solutions and will have to successfully present selected solutions to the class on request. Note that 40 points is enough to pass the course without the written part and to get the final mark 3. Final Written Exam The exam will take place on March 10th 2005 in rooms M23 and M31 from 14:00 till 19:00. Students will be allowed to have and use any course material or books during the exam. There will be a written part only in which students will obtain 5 tasks/questions: 2 related to the reactor physics, 2 related to the reactor thermal-hydraulics and 1 related to the nuclear safety. Students can obtain from 0 to 10 points for each answer. The final number of points will be a sum of points obtained from home assignments and from the final written exam. The marks will depend on the total number of obtained points as follows: Mark Number of points 3 >=40 4 >=60 5 >=80 Course evaluation At the end of the course all students are ask to provide to the course responsible person their comments and ideas how to improve the course. This can be done either through forms available on the course home page or personally. Our goal is to provide a high quality course in applied reactor technology and nuclear power safety and all students are encouraged to give feedback to us.

In English Sök Innehåll Kontakt

Kungl Tekniska Högskolan

Studentwebben KTH / Studentwebben / Studiehandboken (04/05)

Studiehandboken

Utbildningsplaner

Kurser per program (läro- och timplaner)

Kurser per institution

TMS-kurser

Beteckningar

Tillämpad kyl- och värmepumpteknik

Mål

Efter kursen förväntas studenten ha tillräckligt god förståelse för kompressorkylprocesser och dess tillämpningar för att självständigt kunna konstruera sådana system, såväl för kylning som för uppvärmning. Studenterna ska också ha goda kunskaper om andra värmepumpande processer.

Kursinnehåll

Föreläsningar och seminarier utgör en vidgad framställning om kylprocesser, maskinell utrustning samt anläggningsteknik. Läget redovisas vad gäller utvecklingen av nya köldmedier. Mera komplicerade kylprocesser behandlas, liksom även kyl- och fryslagring, olika frysmetoder och isolerteknik. Beräkning av kyleffektbehov samt optimering av isolering och maskinell utrustning genomgås. Vidare behandlas utföranden, optimering och drift av värmepumpanläggningar, inklusive olika typer av värmekällor för dessa. Kylanläggningar behandlas ur anläggningsteknisk synpunkt, provmetoder och säkerhetsnormer genomgås. Vid seminarier, där även industriverksamma experter medverkar, presenteras och diskuteras tillämpningar och aktuella problemställningar inom skilda delområden av kyl- och värmepumptekniken. Övningarna avser beräkning och dimensionering av kyl- och värmepumpanläggningar. Laborationerna omfattar försök med olika anläggningstyper, komponenter och material.

Förkunskaper

Kursen 4A1607 Uthållig energianvändning bör vara väl inhämtad.

Kursfordringar

Tentamen (TEN1; 3p) är skriftlig och uppdelad på frågor och räkneproblem. Ett på kurslitteraturen baserat inläsningsschema utdelas vid kursens början. För slutbetyg fordras fullgjorda laborationer (LAB1; 1 p).

Kurslitteratur

4A1623

Poäng: 4 ECTS poäng: 6 Nivå: D Betyg: 3, 4, 5 Språk: Engelska

Villkorligt valfri för TSEEM1 Valfri för B4, EGI(B4, M4, T4), M4, T4 Kursuppläggning Period 3, 4 Föreläsningar 24h Övningar 24h Laborationer 16h Kursens hemsida

Kursansvarig Åke Melinder [email protected] tel. 790 7454

Page 1 of 2Studiehandbok 04/05

2005-03-11http://www.kth.se/student/studiehandbok/Kurs.asp?Code=4A1623&&lang=1

In English KTH KTH Energicenter Karta över KTH

Institutionen för Energiteknik The Energy Technology Forum

Hem Utbildning Organisation Forskning Evenemang Lediga tjänster Personer Kontakta oss

Course Content Utskriftsvänligt

Ansvarig: Damian Vogt

Fluid Machinery Course 4A1629 Course Overview The aero-, hydro- and thermodynamic terminology and equations relevant for all these machines are discussed extensively in this course. The essential fundamental theory is explained in an interactive and animated way. Additionally, today’s and tomorrow’s need for fluid machines is discussed and the future development and research needs are also discussed briefly. The principles of energy saving by matching a pump system with the pump installation are treated. Details about the design and construction of some fluid machines are sketched. Calculations and laboratory exercises are performed with the aim to understand the physical relationship between the aero- and thermodynamics of the machine. Objectives: The course aims at giving an overview of different types of fluid machinery used for energy transformation, such as pumps, fans, compressors, as well as wind-, hydraulic, steam- and gas-turbines. It will also focus on applications for transfer to power, as well as energy use in refrigeration and the built environment. After completing the course the student will be able to

·Give detailed descriptions of the main elements and applications of fluid machines ·Recognize typical designs of fluid machines ·Explain the main working principles of fluid machines ·Explain the basic design parameters for hydraulic and aerodynamic fluid machines ·Scale fluid machine design parameters based on non-dimensional theory ·Match a pump system to the pump installation to optimise efficient use of energy ·Hydrodynamically design pumps and water turbines ·Chose appropriate compressor (axial, radial) for the foreseen operating duties ·Design the stages in axial turbines and axial compressors given the overall required pressure

and temperature ratios with analytic 2D theory ·Aerodynamically design radial compressor stages based on analytic 2D theory ·Apply radial equilibrium theory to turbine stage designs ·Determine and explain the losses in different fluid machines ·Explain the limits of safe and efficient operation of compressors ·Discuss technically today’s and tomorrow’s needs for fluid machines

Prerequisites: Knowledge about basic fluid mechanics and basic thermodynamics is required. Course literature:

Page 1 of 2KTH-EGI Course Content


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