istoriis maswavlebelta saqartvelos asociaciis jurnali · 6 da maleve daiwera: zveli msoflios...
TRANSCRIPT
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nomris Tema:
interkulturuli dialogi
istoriis swavlebaSi
#1 2011
i stori i s m a s w a vle b elTai stori i s m a s w a vle b elTa
s a q arT v elos a soc i ac i i s s a q arT v elos a soc i ac i i s
Jur n ali
i s t o r i k o s ii s t o r i k o s i
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mis: Tbilisi, faliaSvilis 38. pirveli sarTuli.
telefoni/faqsi +995 32 913 910
www.imsa.geeleqtronuli fosta: [email protected]
mTavari redaqtori
oliver raisneri
saredaqcio sabWo
giorgi abramiSvili
elene bodaveli
nino kiRuraZe
giorgi kldiaSvili
naira mamukelaSvili
elene meZmariaSvili
manana SeyilaZe
cira CikvaiZe
nana cixisTavi
ucxoeli avtorebis statiebi
inglisuridan Targmna Tamar lagvilavam
Jurnalis winamdebare nomeri dafinansebulia
evroklio/matra-saqarTvelos proeqtis mier
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mogesalmebiT Zvirfaso mkiTxvelebo
Tqven xelT gaqvT istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos
asociaciis axali Jurnali „istorikosi“. Cven vimedovnebT,
rom axlo momavalSi am Jurnalis garSemo gaerTiandeba ara
marto yvela profesionali istorikosi – istoriis pedagogi,
mkvlevari, arqivebis, muzeumebisa da biblioTekebis TanamSrome-
li, aramed farTo sazogadoeba, romelic istoriiTaa dainte-
resebuli.
TqvenTan erTad vecdebiT, rom Jurnali „istorikosi“ gax-
des:
• Tqveni mimomxilvelimimomxilveli istoriis swavlisa da swavlebis,
qarTuli da saerTaSoriso istoriografiis ganviTarebisa
da kvlevis sferoSi;
• Tqveni forumiforumi istoriis swavlebaSi siaxleebis, miRwevebi-
sa da Tanamedrove xedvebis gaziarebisa da SefasebisaTvis;
• Tqveni xidixidi saqarTveloSi istoriis swavlebis CarTvisa-
Tvis saerTaSoriso aqtivobebSi;
• Tqveni TanamgzavriTanamgzavri istoriis pedagogTa momzadebis donis
amaRlebaSi, gamocdilebisa da aprobirebuli praqtikis ga-
ziarebaSi.
Cveni Jurnalis es oTxi mTavari amocana miznad isaxavs
saqarTveloSi istoriuli mecnierebis ganviTarebas, istoriis
swavlebis gaumjobesebasa da profesionalizmis amaRlebas.
Cven vfiqrobT, rom istorikosebi pasuxismgebelni arian is-
oliver raisneri
istoriis doqtori
mTavari redaqtorisagan
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toriis ganviTarebaze. awmyoSi warsulze zrunva Zalian didi
zneobrivi valdebulebaa. Cven vTvliT, rom ar arsebobs arc
marTali, arc yalbi istoria, magram arsebobs gansxvavebuli
politikuri, kulturuli, religiuri an sxva Tvalsazrisis
mixedviT SemuSavebuli warsulis interpretacia. istoria iq-
mneba mxolod profesiuli wesebis mixedviT warmarTuli di-
alogiT an SeTanxmebiT. amitom axlo momavalSi Cven vgegmavT
belgieli istorikosis alan de baetsis (Alan de Baets) mier SemuSavebuli „istorikosebis eTikis kodeqsis“, rogorc Cve-
ni profesionalizmis zneobrivi safuZvlis, ganxilvasa da Se-
fasebas. es diskusia, kodeqsTan erTad, Jurnalis Semdeg nomer-
Si daibeWdeba.
Jurnalis am nomers ki Cven ufro konkretuli TematikiT
daviwyebT. radgan „istorikosis“ pirveli nomeri „evroklio-
sa“ da asociaciis erToblivi proeqtis ,,tolerantobis mSe-
nebloba saqarTveloSi istoriis swavlebis gziT“ fargleb-
Si gamodis, mis wamyvan Temas interkulturuli dialogiinterkulturuli dialogi war-
moadgens. jer ioke van der leu-roordi gagacnobT inkluzi-
uri istoriis swavlebis uaxles evropul midgomebs; Semdeg
nino kiRuraZe gaarkvevs, Tu ramdenad pasuxobs qarTuli sa-
xelmZRvaneloebi saerTaSoriso standartebs; robert maieri
Seafasebs interkulturulobis germanul gamocdilebas isto-
riis swavlebaSi; miiRebT informacias proeqtis ,,toleranto-
bis mSenebloba saqarTveloSi istoriis swavlebis gziT“bis mSenebloba saqarTveloSi istoriis swavlebis gziT“ Se-
saxeb; aqve gaecnobiT istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos
asociaciis siaxleebs.
Zalian didi madloba elene bodavels da nana cixisTavs am
pirveli nomris momzadebisaTvis! rogorc redaqtori, vTvli,
rom pirveli nomeri mravalferovani da saintereso gamovida.
momavali nomrebisTvis velodebiT Tqvens monawileobas, azr-
sa da kritikas.
istorikosi N1 2011
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me-20 saukunis 90-ian wlebSi Cvens qveyanaSi didi cvli-
lebebisa da gardatexis xangrZlivi periodi daiwyo. axalma
viTarebam Tanadrouli moTxovnebi wauyena istoriis swavle-
bas, zogad saganmanaTleblo da umaRles saswavleblebSi. cvli-
lebebs daeqvemdebara rogorc meTodologia, aseve didaqtika.
adreul wlebSi, rogorc cnobilia, istoriis originaluri
saxelmZRvaneloebi qarTul enaze didi iSviaToba iyo. gam-
onaklisia ramdenime gamocema saqarTvelos istoriaSi. rac
Seexeba msoflio istoriis saxelmZRvaneloebs, isini rusu-
lidan iTargmneboda da ra Tqma unda, marqsistul-leninur
msoflmxedvelobas efuZneboda.
1992 wels iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelm-
wifo universitetSi Catarda msoflio istoriis speciali-
stebis Sexvedra, sadac istoriis ganviTarebis civilizaciuri
(evoluciuri) xazi airCies da masve dauqvemdebares axali
qronologiuri CarCoebi. am Tavyrilobis erT-erTi inicia-
tori iyo prof. kote anTaZe _ evropisa da amerikis qveynebis
axali da uaxlesi istoriis kaTedris gamge. Sesabamisad, es
gaxda safuZveli axali Taobis saxelmZRvaneloebis Seqmnisa
istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos
asociacia
asociacia da misi partniorebi
nana cixisTavi
kavkasiis saerTaSoriso
universitetis asocirebuli
profesori, statiebisa da
kvlevebis avtori evropisa
da amerikis qveynebis uaxles
da religiebis istoriaSi
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da maleve daiwera: Zveli msoflios istoria _ me-6 kl. (k.
TvaliaSvili, c. CikvaiZe), Sua saukuneebis istoria (k. anTaZe,
l. fircxalava), axali istoria – or nawilad (n. mamukelaS-
vili), uaxlesi istoria _ pirveli nawili (g. bo loTaSvili),
uaxlesi istoria – meore nawili (n. kiRuraZe, e. meZmari-
aSvili), civilizaciis istoria (g. boloTaSvili), istoriis
mecnierebis Sesavali (m. kalandaZe, n. mamukelaSvili, l. fir-
cxalava). zemoTxsenebul kaTedras da avtorebs mWidro urT-
ierToba hqondaT ganaTlebis saministrosTan, maswavlebelTa
daxelovnebis institutTan, respublikis pedagogebTan, aseve
saerTaSoriso institutebTan da organizaciebTan. aRsaniSna-
via, rom saxelmZRvaneloTa avtorebi wlebis manZilze imaR-
lebdnen kvalifikacias, georg ekertis saxelobis braunSvaigis
saxelmZRvaneloTa institutSi (germania); aseve, saqmiani urT-
ierToba hqondaT evrosabWosa da evrokliosTan. periodulad
am organizaciebis warmomadgenlebi saqarTveloSi Camodiodnen
da atarebdnen Sexvedrebs istoriis saswavlo kursebis nara-
tivisa da meTodebis gaumjobesebis mizniT. msjelobdnen im
problematur sakiTxebze, gansakuTrebiT sabWoTa periodis is-
toriidan, romelic ,, TeTr laqebad“ iyo cnobili qarTul is-
toriografiaSi. swored yovelive aman da istoriis maswavle-
blebTan mudmivi kontaqtis survilma ganapiroba is, rom 1997
wlis ivnisSi dafuZnda istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos
asociacia (prezidenti _ prof. naira mamukelaSvili, vice-
prezidenti, prof. cira CikvaiZe). asociacia Tavidan aerTianeb-
da Tbilisis 50-mde istoriis pedagogsa da universitetebis
profesorebs. yovelwliurad asociaciis mesveurebi xvdebod-
nen pedagogebs da atarebdnen treningebs saxelmZRvaneloebis
ganviTarebis mizniT, ganixilavdnen siaxleebs istoriis swav-
lebaSi, msjelobdnen axal meTodebsa da midgomebze.
1998 wels istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos asocia-
cia evroklios sruluflebiani wevri gaxda. mas aqeT, yovel-
wliurad asociaciis wevrebs saSualeba eZleodaT monawil-
eoba mieRoT evroklios mier organizebul saerTaSoriso
istorikosi N1 2011
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konferenciebsa da seminarebSi. es iyo im droisaTvis evropuli
siaxleebis gacnobis saukeTeso saSualeba. istoriis maswav-
lebelTa saqarTvelos asociacia arasamTavrobo profesiuli
organizaciaa, romlis ZiriTadi mizani istoriis swavlebis,
rogorc disciplinis, ganviTarebaze zrunva da istoriis peda-
gogebis profesiuli zrdis xelSewyobaa. me-20 saukunis 90-
iani wlebis Semdeg istoriis swavlebaSi bevri ram Seicvala,
magaliTad saxelmwifo standarti, midgomebi saxelmZRvanelo-
sa da swavlebis mimarT da sxva. miuxedevad imisa rom dRes-
dReobiT reforma ganuxrelad viTardeba, jer kidev ar arse-
bobs CvenSi istoriis swavlebis didaqtikis saxelmZRvanelo.
es garemoeba udaod arTulebs istoriis swavlebis Sedegiano-
bas, rogorc maswavleblis momzadebis TvalsazrisiT umaR-
les saswavleblebSi, ise istoriis pedagogTa kvalifikaciis
amaRlebis mimarTulebiT. marTalia, ganaTlebis saministros
istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos asociaciis damfuZneblebi: (marcx-
nidan marjvniv) naira mamukelaSvili, nana cixisTavi, manana SeyilaZe, cira
CikvaiZe da elene meZmariaSvili
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mxardaWeriT gamodis Jurnali ,,maswavlebeli“, igi istoriis
swavlebis problemebs naklebad exmianeba. gamomdinare aqedan,
Cven momavalSi unda vizrunoT ,,didaqtikisa“ da ,,rekomen-
daciebis“ Seqmnaze istoriis swavlebaSi. aseve, axalgazrda
kadrebis Cabmaze Cvens asociaciaSi _ TaobaTa cvlis mizniT.
Cveni organizaciis evrokliosTan urTierTobis me-10 wels
moxerxda erToblivi proeqtis dawyeba, romelic 2008 wlis
ivnisidan amoqmedda da didi samsaxuri gauwia asociaciis
gafarToebasa da ganviTarebas. swored amis Sedegia is, rom
asociacias dReisaTvis saqarTvelos TiTqmis yvela kuTxeSi
filialebi gaaCnia. gaixsna da amoqmedda istoriis saswavlo
kabinetebi sajaro skolebsa Tu universitetebSi. rac mTa-
varia, asociaciis wevrebi aqtiurad monawileoben proeqtis
asociaciis gamgeobis sxdoma
istorikosi N1 2011
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mravalferovan RonisZiebebSi: eswrebian evropeli eqspertebis
seminarebs da ecnobian samodelo gakveTilebs rogorc aq, saqa-
rTveloSi, aseve evropis qveynebSi.
2010 wlis 5 ivliss Catarda asociaciis generaluri asam-
blea, sadac Sejamda wina wlebSi gaweuli muSaoba. asociaciis
wevrebis winaSe angariSiT gamovidnen regionuli organizaciis
xelmZRvanelebi. Catarda asociaciis axali prezidentis, vice-
prezidentis, sarevizio komisiisa da gamgeobis arCevnebi. gadax-
alisda wesdeba. ganisazRvra asociaciis samomavlo amocanebi.
prioritetad dasaxelda istoriis maswavlebelTa profesiu-
li zrdis xelSewyoba, meToduri literaturis momzadeba da
gamocema, skolisa da muzeumis urTierToba, regionuli orga-
nizaciebis CarTva adgilobriv da saerTaSoriso proeqtebSi,
moswavleTa da maswavlebelTa konkursebisa da konferenciebis
Catareba.
asociaciis generaluri asamblea, Tbilisi, 2010 wlis 5 ivlisi
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evroklios istoria
Sesavali
,,evroklio“ – istoriis pedagogTa evropuli asociacia
_ daarsda 1993 wels rogorc saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo
organizacia, raTa daecva da gaeZlierebina istoriis swavleba,
romelic arsebiT sferos warmoadgens axalgazrda Taobis ga-
naTlebis saqmeSi. asociacia Tvlis, rom swored istoriaa
yvelaze mniSvnelovani saskolo sagani mozardis politikuri
da samoqalaqo aRzrdisaTvis. istoria yovelTvis warmoadgen-
da propagandisa da politikuri STagonebis gziT negatiuri
zemoqmedebis saSualebas. arc erTi saskolo sagani ar iwvevs
imxela emociur kamaTs sazogadoebaSi, politikasa da mediaSi,
rogorc istoria. uaxloes warsulSic mravlad arsebobda
politikuri miznebisaTvis istoriis borotad gamoyenebis
magaliTebi. evroklio gvamcnobs, rom istoriuli warsulis
fokusi ar Cerdeba mxolod erovnul sazRvrebze; istoriis
swavlebas umniSvnelovanesi gavlena aqvs imaze, Tu rogor
aRiqvams xalxi garemomcvel samyaros. evroklio mowodebulia,
Seamciros daZabuloba qveynebs Soris, qveynis SigniT arsebuli
jgufebis daaxlovebis gziT. saamisod igi iyenebs zogjer
mtkivneuli warsulis gamokvlevas usafrTxo garemoSi pro-
fesiulad da yuradRebiT warmarTuli procesis farglebSi.
imisaTvis, raTa miRweul iqnas es miznebi, saskolo istoria
ioke van der leu-roordi
evroklios damfuZnebeli,
misi pirveli prezidenti,
amJamad aRmasrulebeli direqtori
istorikosi N1 2011
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saWiroebs pasuxismgeblobiT aRsavse da yovelmxriv ganviTa-
rebul profesionalebs.
evropuli qveynebis umravlesobaSi, da ara mxolod iq, isto-
riis kurikulumebi da saxelmZRvaneloebi nacionaluri ori-
entaciisani arian. evroklios damatebiT Rirsebas warmoadgens
is, rom 1993 wlidan Tavs uyris istoriis, istoriuli
memkvidreobisa da moqalaqeobis aTasobiT ganmanaTlebels ev-
ropidan da sxva qveynebidan, raTa sazRvrebs gareSe moxdes
warsulis ganxilva da istoriis swavlebis CarTulobisa da
midgomebis gamocda. ideaTa da SexedulebaTa amgvari gacvla-
gamocvla arsebiTia evropisadmi pirovnuli kuTvnilebis Seg-
rZnebis gansaviTareblad. amas unda daeyrdnos 21-e saukunis
evropuli moqalaqeoba.
daarsebis dRidan moyolebuli, evrokliom organizeba gau-
wia evropaSi da mis farglebs gareT kompetenciebis zrdis-
admi mimarTul asobiT RonisZiebas. profesionalTa gundebma
SeimuSaves da danerges inovaciuri, gamoyenebisTvis mza saswav-
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lo masalebi da saxelmZRvaneloebi. ufro metic, evroklios
egidiT evropasa da mis farglebs gareT maswavlebelTa datre-
ningebisa da konsultaciebis saqmeSi aqtiuroben rigi eq-
s p ertebi. asociaciam gansakuTrebuli gamocdileba daagrova
politikurad arastabilur regionebSi istoriis swavlebis
kuTxiT.
evroklioSi yvela samuSao tardeba sagnisadmi sayovelTa-
od aRiarebuli saerTaSoriso orientirebiTa da midgomebiT.
am procesSi asociaciam win wamoswia inovaciuri transna-
cionaluri saswavlo resurebis da saSualebebis warmoeba.
mTavari aqcenti gadatanilia inglisur enaze, rogorc saer-
TaSoriso komunikaciis saSualebaze. Tumca, ugulebelyofili
ar aris sxva enebis mniSvneloba saerTaSoriso komunikaciis
CarCoebSi.
saerTaSoriso standartebis danergvisa da ganviTarebis
gziT, akademiuri Sedegebisa da istoriis saganSi politikis
gavlenis ganxilviT, evroklio wevr asociaciebsa da individ-
ualur wevrebs internacionalizmis kars uRebs. asociaciaTa
asociacia funqcionirebs, rogorc istoriis, istoriuli mem-
kvidreobisa da samoqalaqo ganaTlebis winsvlis centri.
asociaciis miznebis misaRwevad, evroklio da misi wevrebi
monawileobas iReben istoriis, istoriuli memkvidreobis, mo-
qalaqeobis Seswavlisa da swavlebis Sesaxeb gamarTul saer-
TaSoriso msjelobebSi sxvadasxva gziT: iqneba es saRamoebze
da Sexvedrebze daswreba, interviuebi, werilebi Tu statiebi
erovnul da saerTaSoriso mediaSi. evroklio cdilobs, gaaf-
arTovos poziciebi da gaxdes saerTaSoriso doneze cnobili
qseli da moTamaSe, istoriuli memkvidreobis da samoqalaqo
ganaTlebis saqmeSi, evropaSi da mis gareT.
evroklios wevri organizaciebis ricxvi 2010 wels Sead-
genda istoriis pedagogebis 79 damoukidebel asociacias da
aseve institutebs uamravi qveynidan. am qselis SigniT is ev-
ro paSi da mis gareT moicavs 40 000–ze met istoriis peda-
go gs.
istorikosi N1 2011
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misia
• evroklios survilia, evropaSi danergos pasuxismge-
blobaze dafuZnebuli da inovaciuri saistorio da samoqalaqo
ganaTleba; saamisod xeli unda Seewyos saerTo Rirebulebebs,
kritikul cnobierebas, ormxriv pativiscemas, mSvidobas, stabi-
lurobas, demokratias.
• mravalferovnebis, adamianTa uflebebis, kulturaTa-
Sorisi dialogis da dainteresebul mxareTa Soris Tanam-
Sromlobis xelSewyobiT, evroklio miznad isaxavs Tavidan
aicilos istoriul-memkvidreobiTi da samoqalaqo ganaTlebis
borotad gamoyeneba.
• evroklios mizania istoriisa da samoqalaqo gana-
Tlebis gaZliereba teqstualuri Semadgenlobis, meTodolo-
giisa da pedagogikis inovaciebiT, pedagogTa profesionalizmis
zrdiT.
• asociacia mxars uWers kuTvnilebis evropul grZnobas,
amasTanave, ar ugulebelyofs globalur, erovnul da region-
alur perspeqtivebs.
evroklios profesiuli samdivno internacionaluri da axalgazrdulia
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• asociacia axdens jansaRi akademiuri istoriuli cod-
nis, saganmanaTleblo Teoriis da meTodologiuri msjelobebis
gadacemis stimulirebas iseT doneebamde, rogoricaa saskolo
da satreiningo institutebi, istoriisa da moqalaqeobis ku-
ri kulumebi da saxemlZRvaneloebi. am miznebis misaRwevad ev-
roklio iyenebs codnisa da gamocdilebis gadacemas swori
swavl ebis, gamocdilebis gacvlis da eqspertTa sistemebis
meS ve obiT.
asociaciis saqmianoba efuZneba sam ZiriTad sferos:
• SesaZleblobebis zrda da codnis gacvla, gulisxmobs
treiningebs inovaciuri saganmanaTleblo masalebis ganviTa-
rebisa da danergvis procesSi, istoriisa da moqalaqeobis
swavlebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gamokvlevas.
• gamocdilebisa da informaciis qselis gafarToeba,
gazi areba da gavrceleba, gulisxmobs saerTaSoriso profe-
siuli da partnioruli qselis gaZlierebasa da gafarToebas,
qselis SenarCunebas da mxardaWeras, istoriis swavlisa da
swavlebis Sesaxeb bukletebisa Tu publikaciebis gamocema –
gavrcelebas.
• erTiani da sicocxlisunariani profesiuli samoqa-
laqo sazogadoebis mxardaWera – evropasa da mis gareT isto-
riis maswavlebelTa damoukidebeli asociaciebis stimulireba,
daf uZneba da gaZliereba.
organizaciis struqtura
evroklios mTavari ofisi haagaSi
mdebareobs, asociacia niderlandebis
iurisdiqciis qveS funqcionirebs. is
Sedgeba xuTi ganyofil ebisagan:
• yovelwliuri generaluri asamb-
lea
• saerTaSoriso sabWo
istorikosi N1 2011
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• saaudito komiteti
• sapatio sabWo
• profesiuli samdivno
yovelwliuri gene r a lu ri
asa mb lea pasuxis mgebe lia gada w-
yv e tilebebi s miRebaze, masSi ga-
e r Ti anebulia 66 sruluflebi-
ani wevri, ist o riis, istoriuli
mem kvi dreobisa da samoqalaqos
ganmanaTlebelTa da mo uki debeli
aso ci aciebi. amJami ndeli saerT-
aSo riso sabWo moicavs wev rebs
saberZneTidan, dani idan, germani-
idan, niderlande bidan, Tu r qe Tidan da ukrainidan. is xelmZR-
vanelobs asociacias da saaudito komisias, romelSic Sesulia
wevrebi ruseTidan, SvedeTidan da norvegiidan. mas exeba aso-
ciaciis finansuri marTva da politika. sapatio sabWo Sedgeba
sayovelTaod cnobili istorikosebisa da politikosebisagan
Semdegi qveynebidan: estoneTi, germania, saberZneTi, islandia,
latvia, niderlandebi, portugalia, slovenia da gaerTianebuli
samefo, romlebsac gaaCniaT gansakuTrebuli interesi isto-
riisa da saistorio ganaTlebis rolis mimarT sazogadoe-
baSi. evroklios samdivno saerTaSoriso Semadgenlobisaa da
asociacias ganagebs yoveldRiuri saqmianobiT. samdivno Sua-
maval rgols warmoadgens, daxmarebas uwevs wevr asociaciebs
saqmianobaSi da TanamSromlobs wevrebTan Tu partniorebTan
asociaciis proeqtebis ganxorcielebis saqmeSi.
dReisaTvis evropuli qveynebis umetesoba CarTulia sa-
ganmanaTleblo inovaciis procesebSi. ukanaskneli 15 wlis
ganmavlobaSi evrokliom aqtiuri roli iTamaSa saistorio
ganaTlebaSi reformebis danergvis mxriv trans – naciona-
lur doneze. imis nacvlad, rom axalgazrda Taobas daxmareba
gaewios garemomcveli samyaros gacnobierebis saqmeSi, dRemde
kvlav aqvs adgili istoriuli, samemkvidreo da samoqalaqo ga-
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istorikosi N1 2011
2007 – bledi, slovakeTi
2009 – niqozia, kviprosi
2010 – naimexeni,
niderlandebi
2008 – bristoli, inglisi
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2010 wlis proeqtebi
evropis sxvadasxva qveynebSi
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naTlebis borotad gamoyenebas erovnuli politikuri miznebis
misaRwevad. evroklios mizans warmoadgens istoriuli gana-
Tlebis jansaRi gamoyenebis gziT demokratiuli sazogadoe-
bebis mSenebloba Tu gaZliereba, qveynebis sazRvrebs miRma
gansxvavebuli eTnikuri Tu religiuri warmomavlobis profe-
sionalebis da studentebis dakavSireba.
analizis, interpretirebis, Sefasebisa da kritikuli az-
rovnebis unarebis ganviTareba fundamentaluri mniSvnelo-
bisaa rogorc istorikosebis, aseve, moqalaqeebisaTvis. isto-
riis pasuxismgeblobaze da inovaciebze dafuZnebuli swavleba
saWiroebs integrirebul midgomas da axal gzebs iTxovs is-
toriuli codnisaken. axali saskolo istoriuli narativis
Semadgeneli nawilebi unda gaxdes cnebebi, rogoricaa, migra-
cia, genderi, ormxrivi CarTuloba, adamianTa uflebebi, mra-
valferovneba da garemo. evroklios sjera, rom istoriulma
ganaTlebam gansakuTrebuli roli unda iTamaSos social-
uri erTobisa da CarTvis procesSi kulturaTaSorisi, Tao-
baTaSorisi da religiaTaSorisi dialogis gziT. evroklio
gaagrZelebs profesionalTa datreningebas inkluziuri sas-
wavlo saSualebebis, eTnikuri, enobrivi, religiuri, genderuli
da socialuri mravalferovnebis pativiscemiT gamsWvaluli
resurebis SemuSavebisa da danergvis saqmeSi. yovelive sarge-
blobas moutans mzardi mravalferovnebis mqone evropuli
sazogadoebebis saWiroebebs.
bevri evropuli qveynis istoriis kurikulumebsa da sax-
elmZRvaneloebSi mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs erovnuli
identoba da memkvidreoba. didi xania evrokliom saistorio
da samoqalaqo ganaTlebis mniSvnelovan komponentad miiCnia
xalxTaSorisi da sazRvrebs miRma memkvidreobiTi ganaTleba.
2009 wels asociaciam moawyo samemkvidreo institutebis
uzar mazari konsorciumi da proeqti istoriana (igulis xmeba
internetSi ganTavsebuli evropis qveynebis isto ria) gaxda
gza evropuli istoriisa da memkvi dre o bisaken.
miuxedavad evropaSi mimdinare saganmanaTleblo reformebi-
istorikosi N1 2011
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19
sa, inovaciuri swavlebis meTodebis
danergva jer kidev dawyebiT sta-
diaSia. 20 wlis ganmavlobaSi gamo-
qveynda uamravi rekomendacia, Tu ra
da rogor unda ganaxldes da gaum-
jobesdes, magram mcirea praqtikuli
gadawyveta da xerxebi. evroklio
srulad uWers mxars sakuTar wevrebs, raTa isini saTanadod
moergon maswavlebelTa axali kvalificirebis moT xo vnebs. igi
motivacias umaRlebs pedagogebs, rom maT Seiswavlon ucxo
enebi. rac maT saSualebas aZlevs gazardon sazRvrebs miRma
komunikacia da gamoc di leba gauziaron sxvebs.
bevr evropul qveyanaSi maswavleblis kariera Zalian da-
balprioritetulia. zogierT qveyanaSi maswavleblis saSualo
asaki 50 wels aRemateba. savaraudo mizezia aseve maswavleb-
lis profesiisadmi pativiscemis nakleboba. evroklio miiCnevs,
rom unda aRdges maswavleblis profesiisadmi pativiscema. es
unda moxdes sxvadasxva saganmanaTleblo procesis monawile
mxareebis Tanasworobis aRiarebiT, ormxrivi pativiscemiT da
TiToeuli monawilis gansakuTrebuli rolis cnobiT.
ukanasknel wlebSi evroklios saqmianoba gascda evropis
farglebs. asociacia gamocdilebis gasaziareblad miiwvies
araevropul qveynebSi. amgvarad, asociaciam daamyara kavSirebi
kavkasiaSi, Sua aRmosavleTSi, aSS-Si, CrdiloeT afrikaSi, Crdi-
lo-aRmosavleT aziaSi. momdevno aTwleulebSi evroklio Se-
ecdeba ganimtkicos pozicia globaluri gamowvevebis gadaw-
yvetis saqmeSi.
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20
proeqti _ ,,tolerantobis mSenebloba
saqarTveloSi istoriis
swavlebis gziT“
yvela epoqaSi, gansakuTrebiT, Tanamedrove periodSi Zalze
aqtualuri, cxovrebiseulad mniSvnelovani iyo da aris sazo-
gadoebis tolerantobis xarisxi. igi uciloblad aisaxeba
xolme sazogadoebrivi urTierTobebis yvela sferoze. am kon-
teqstSi mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs istoriis swavlebis
ganviTarebas. ama Tu im qveynis istoria WeSmaritad im xalxe-
bis istoriaa, romlebic qmnian sazogadoebas am saxelmwifoeb-
Si. amitom istoriis gakveTilebi warsulisa da Tanamedrove-
obis Sesaxeb msjelobis sagani unda gaxdes. gasaTvaliswinebe-
lia is faqtebi, movlenebi, pirobebi, romlebSic uwevT cxovre-
ba moqalaqeebs. gaviTvaliswinoT aseve urTierTobebi adamianTa
jgufebs Soris, maTi interesebi, erebisa da erovnebebis kul-
turebi, maTi urTierTmimarTebani da urTierTzegavlena. dro-
Ta ganmavlobaSi am kuTxiT SeZenili gamocdileba da erTma-
neTis tradiciebis codna erTad cxovrebis pirobebs qmnis. es
procesebi saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi iyo moqmedebaSi da dRe-
sac mimdinareobs. yovelive aqedan gamomdinare, dRis wesrigSi
dgeba saerTo istoriuli narativebis SemuSaveba.
es aris pirveli proeqti Cveni asociaciis arsebobis
istoriaSi da metad mniSvnelovania, rom igi saerTaSorisoa
da pirveli erToblivi mcdelobaa evrokliosTan erTad. es
istorikosi N1 2011
nana cixisTavi
istoriis doqtori,
proeqtis koordinatori
saqarTvelos mxridan
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21
CvenTvis Zalzed sapatio da imavdroulad, sapasuxismgeblo-
caa. samomavlod swored es proeqti gaxdeba safuZveli Cve-
ni momavali TanamSromlobisa. proeqtis mTavari mizania isto-
riis swavlebis xarisxis gaumjobeseba saqarTveloSi, daxmare-
ba saqarTvelos ganaTlebis reformisadmi, gaRrmaveba naciona-
luri da internacionaluri TanamSromlobis, gaumjobeseba ad-
gilobrivi istoriis maswavleblebisa da akademiuri istori-
kosebis profesiuli kontaqtebis. vaswavloT istoria multi-
kulturul da multikonfesiur garemoSi, swored esaa Cveni
proeqtis mTavari siaxle.
evrokliosTan Cveni asociaciis TanamSromloba didi xnis
win daiwyo. mas win uZRoda wina saukunis 90-ian wlebSi axa-
li Taobis (evoluciuri anu civilizaciuri xazis) saqarT-
velosa da msoflio istoriis saxelmZRvaneloebis Seqm-
saerTaSoriso seminari bazaleTSi, 2010 wlis 6-7 ivlisi
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22
na. am saxelmZRvaneloebma Caanacvla sabWoTa periodSi ar-
sebuli, formaciuli ganviTarebis koncefciaze agebuli da
marqsistul -leninuri ideologiis matarebeli saxelmZRvane-
loebi. maTSi ZirioTadi aqcenti keTdeboda narativis Secvla-
ze evropuli standartebis mixedviT. es iyo mcdeloba, miva-
xloebodiT evropuli saxelmZRvaneloebis standartebs. axal,
evropul saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi aprobirebuli (rac evro-
pis mraval qveyanaSi muSaobisas gamoicada sxvadasxva proeq-
tebis saxiT) erToblivi proeqtis wamowyeba iyo evroklios
organizaciisa da „istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos aso-
ciaciis“ iniciativa. masze vmuSaobT 2007 wlis zafxulidan.
proeqtis amuSavebaSi unda aRiniSnos prof. cira CikvaiZisa
(istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos asociaciis vice pre-
zidenti) da evroklios samdivnos TanamSromlis, stiven ste-
garsis wvlili. aqtiuri mimoweris saSualebiT maT bevri de-
ukraineli eqspertis, irina kostiukis seminari TbilisSi
istorikosi N1 2011
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tali daadgines proeqtze muSaobis irgvliv da ukve 2007
wlis Semodgomaze proeqti damtkicda niderlandebis sagareo
saqmeTa saministrosTan arsebuli ,,matra“-s fondis mier.
aRsaniSnavia, rom proeqtis saavtoro jgufi da redkole-
gia internacionaluria. ase rom, saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi eT-
nikuri jgufebis warmomadgenlebi aqtiurad arian CarTulni
proeqtSi. sayuradReboa isic rom aseTi ram pirvelad keT-
deba respublikis masStabiT. Cven evropel partniorebTan er-
Tad ganvsazRvreT funqciebi da kompetenciebi istoriis mas-
wavlebelTaTvis. eseni arian saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi sxva-
dasxva eTnikuri da religiuri jgufebis warmomadgenlebi. is-
ini monawileoben vorkSopebSi, seminarebSi da aseve saerTa-
Soriso treningebSi. vfiqrobT, proeqti kargi magaliTia imi-
sa, Tu rogor unda viswavloT da miveCvioT cxovrebas mul-
tikulturul garemoSi. vidre proeqti saqarTveloSi muSao-
seda melkumiani (axalqalaqi), nana cixisTavi (Tbilisi), nargiz nabieva da
eliura alieva (marneuli) proeqtze muSaobis dros
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24
bas Seudgeboda, man aprobacia gaiara samTavrobo da arasamTa-
vrobo doneze. proeqtSi aqtiurad CaerTo ganaTlebis sami-
nistro da misi warmomadgenlebi, saqarTvelos wamyvani uni-
versitetebi, skolebi, muzeumebis TanamSromlebi, arasamTavro-
bo organizaciebi. proeqti aseve iqca istoriis maswavlebel-
Ta saqarTvelos asociaciis gafarToebisa da misi regionuli
organizaciebis dafuZnebis xelSemwyobad da donorad, asocia-
ciis mravali saintereso wamowyebisa da aqtivobis mxardamWe-
rad. SeiZleba Tamamad iTqvas, rom proeqti asociaciis amoq-
medebis mTavari mamoZravebeli Zalaa. misi miznebi da amocane-
bi, yovelgvari gadaWarbebis gareSe, marTlac rom unikaluria.
msgavsi ram jer ar gakeTebula ara mxolod saqarTvelos sa-
ganmanaTleblo sivrceSi, aramed mTlianad kavkasiaSi. amitomac
safuZvlianad da samarTlianad gaxda igi interesisa da gans-
jis sagani ara marto Cvens saxelmwifoSi, aramed mezobel qvey-
nebSic. yovelive es aisaxa kidec 2010 wels JurnalSi ,, kav-
kasiuri aqcenti“ (rusul enaze) da veb-gverdze _ ,,kavkasiu-
ri kvanZi“ (rusul enaze). mas mieZRvna statia aseve saqarTve-
los ganaTlebis saministros JurnalSi ,,maswavlebeli“ (2010
weli, #2). proeqtma muSaoba realurad 2008 wlis 1 ivniss
daiwyo da gagrZeldeba 2011 wlis 1 noembramde.
2008 weli interkulturuli dialogis wlad gamocxadda.
swored am periods davamTxvieT Cveni proeqtis dawyebac. Cven
miznad davisaxeT tolerantobis mSenebloba istoriis swa-
vlebis gziT. dRes es Tema yvelaze mtkivneulia rogorc is-
torikosebisTvis, aseve araistorikosebisTvisac. toleranto-
baze bevri saubrobs, magram es ZiriTadad mis fasadur mxares
exeba. realurad ki Sinaarsi bevrisTvis ucnobia. swored aman
gvibiZga multikulturuli sakiTxebis wamowevisken. proeqtis
ideebiT moxiblulma Cveni mezobeli somxeTisa da azerbaija-
nis arasamTavrobo organizaciebis liderebma, romlebic ara-
erTgzis monawileobdnen proeqtis aqtivobebSi, gadawyvites da
Seqmnes kidec arasamTavrobo istoriis maswavlebelTa respub-
likuri asociaciebi. isini dResdReobiT muyaiTad muSaoben da
istorikosi N1 2011
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25
eZieben saproeqto ideebs. niSandoblivia, rom wels martSi ga-
marTul evroklios yovelwliur konferenciaze, somxeTisa da
azerbaijanis istoriis maswavlebelTa asociaciebi evrklio
Si gaawevrianes. maT, ra Tqma unda, Cvenma asociaciamac dauWira
mxari. Cven bevrs vfiqrobT mezobeli qveynebis asociaciebTan
TanamSromlobaze. samomavlod, egeb regionuli mniSvnelobis
proeqtis ganxorcielebis mowmenic gavxdeT. es kidev ufro
did mniSvnelobas SesZens istoriis swavlebis srulyofasa da
ganviTarebas regionis masStabiT. aseve, aranaklebi mniSvneloba
eqneba istoriis maswavlebelTa kavkasiuri regionuli organi-
zaciis Camoyalibebasac, magram es jerjerobiT momavlis saqmea.
Tavdapirvelad, rodesac xsenebuli proeqtis miznebze da
amocanebze mimdinareobda muSaoba, Camoyalibda saTauris Sem-
profesori rumiana kuSeva (bulgareTi) Treinings atarebs TbilisSi,
evropul skolaSi, 2010 wlis 23 ianvari
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26
degi varianti: ,,rogor vaswavloT istoria multieTnikur da
multikonfesiur garemoSi“. Semdeg, muSaobis procesSi mimar-
Tulebam saxe icvala da gaCnda axali saTauri _ ,, rogor vic-
xovreT erTad saqarTveloSi me-20-e saukuneSi“. es imas niS-
navs, rom Cvens saboloo naSromSi, e.w. ,,saswavlo furcleb-
Si“, gavaSuqoT eTnikuri jgufebisa da konfesiebis roli XX
saukunis saqarTvelos istoriaSi. is, Tu rogor qmnidnen is-
ini saqarTvelos istorias qarTvelebTan erTad. unda iTqvas,
rom msgavsi informacia saqarTvelos istoriis saxelmZRvane-
loebSi jer ar gaJRerebula. vfiqrobT, istoriis aseTi xedva,
xels Seuwyobs sazogadoebis gamTlianebas. igi daaCqarebs ase-
ve eTnikuri jgufebisa da konfesiebis integrirebis process
samoqalaqo sazogadoebaSi. es ki demokratiuli saxelmwifos
mSeneblobisa da ganviTarebis erT-erTi umTavresi safuZvelia.
istoriis swavlebis sakiTxi xSirad Zalze mgrZnobiarea
mravalerovan saxelmwifoebSi. saqarTveloSi eTnikuri umci-
sapilote gakveTils Temaze „gayofili lukma (ukrainelebi saqarTveloSi)“
atarebs Tbilisis 51-e sajaro skolis pedagogi ana kuprava
istorikosi N1 2011
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resobebi arasakmarisad iyvnen warmodgenilni istoriis sa-
xelmZRvaneloebSi. Cven marTebulad vamayobT, rom gvaqvs to-
lerantuli sazogadoeba, rom tolerantoba CvenTvis geneti-
kuri Tvisebaa, magram imisaTvis, rom avaSenoT Cven mier xSi-
rad deklarirebuli demokratiuli sazogadoeba, Zalian seri-
ozulad unda vimuSaoT am mimarTulebiT. Cven istoriis mas-
wavleblebs unda mivceT damatebiTi, sruliad axali saxis ma-
sala. igi maT saSualebas miscems, pirvelwyaroebis meSveobiT,
Seavson saxelmZRvaneloebSi naklebad an sruliad gauSuqebe-
li Temebi. am masalis saSualebiT moswavleebi gaecnobian maT
gverdiT mcxovrebi xalxebis yofa- cxovrebas. vfiqrobT, moma-
valSi yvelam unda icodes TanamoqalaqeTa kulturis, tradi-
ciebisa da yoveldRiurobis Sesaxeb.
aqedan gamomdinare, poeqtis saavtoro jgufSi, Camoyalib-
da 4 ZiriTadi Tema: ,,multieTnikuri saqarTvelo“, ,,reli-
gia“, ,,migracia“ da ,,ojaxi da yoveldRiuri cxovreba“. Cven
wina planze unda wamovwioT da istoriis swavlebaSi Sevita-
noT siaxleebi: masalis mravalferovneba, multiperspeqtiulo-
ba, kompleqsuroba, gansxvavebuli narativebi, interpretaciebi,
wyaroebi, obieqturoba, winaaRmdegobrivi da saTuTi sakiTxebi-
sadmi originaluri, magram frTxili da samarTliani midgoma,
identobis pativiscema da sxva mravali axali midgoma. arada
90-ian wlebSi, rodesac praqtikulad daiwyo axali Taobis sa-
xelmZRvaneloebze muSaoba da roca dasavleli specialistebi
gviwevdnen konsultaciebs istoriis swavlebaSi arsebul sia-
xleebze, sakiTxi ase daisva: ramdenad exmareboda istoria sko-
laSi interkulturuli ganaTlebis miRebas. am sakiTxis pasu-
xad gamoikveTa ori mxare: nacionaluri istoriis sakiTxi da
stereotipi _ mezobeli qveynebis istoriuli mtrebis saxiT
warmoCena. am mxriv proeqtma ara mxolod es problema daayena
dRis wesrigSi, aramed miznad daisaxa maswavlebelTaTvis iseTi
masalis miwodeba, romlis mixedviTac istoriiT manipulirebas
veRaravin SesZlebda. misi saSualebiT moswavleebs istoriis
ganviTareba ara calmxrivad, aramed sxvadasxva kuTxidan unda
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28
SeeswavlaT da warmoedginaT. maT aucileblad unda Seig rZnon
misi mravalferovneba rogorc negatiuri, ise piozitiuri mo-
vlenebis zomierad warmoCinebiT. udavoa, rom mtkivneuli saki-
Txebi arsebobs ara marto qarTul, aramed sxva saxelmwifoe-
bis realobaSic. sxvaganac vxvdebiT magaliTad, nacionalur na-
rativs, romelic am saxelmwifos poziciebidan gamomdinare, yo-
velTvis Zalian pozitiuri da myaria. istoriis mimarT kri-
tikuli midgoma aqac winaaRmdegobaSi modis dialogTan. ara-
da maTi Serwyma-Sejereba, albaT, saukeTeso gamosavali iqnebo-
da. Cveulebriv istoriis Txrobisas gvaqvs mxolod monolo-
gis reJimi da Tumca viZleviT uzarmazar informacias, magram
Sedegis gareSe. aqve unda iTqvas isic, rom istoriis swavle-
bisas mxolod emociebiT ar unda vixelmZRvaneloT.
am proeqtis ganxorcieleba arc Tu ise martivia mrava-
li TvalsazrisiT. proeqtis sawyis etapze mimdinareobda misi
gacnobis rTuli, magram saintereso procesi samTavrobo Tu
arasamTavrobo doneze. pirvel rigSi igi gavacaniT istoriko-
sebsa da istoriis maswavleblebs. midioda Zalian cocxali da
mniSvnelovani debatebi proeqtis Semdgomi ganviTarebis per-
speqtivebis garSemo. am problemiT dainteresebuli kompeten-
turi adamianebi gva wvdidnen im informacias, codnas, daskvnebs,
romlis gareSec ar eqneboda azri am proeqtis dawyebas. saq-
me imaSia, rom arasdros, arc qarTul istoriografiaSi da arc
saqarTvelos saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebSi, ar ixsenieboda eT-
nikuri umciresobebi da konfesiebi im prizmiT, rogorc Cven
vapirebdiT amis warmodgenas Cven mier Sedgenil e. w. ,,saswav-
lo furclebSi“. sawyis etapze amocana Zalze rTulad, xan-
daxan ganuxorcielebladac ki gveCveneboda. ucnobi iyo ro-
gor miiRebda amas Cveni sazogadoeba. daviwyeT mosamzadebeli
samuSaoebi, movawyeT Sexvedrebi wamyvan universitetebSi is-
toriis pedagogebTan da akademiur istorikosebTan. parale-
lurad vawyobdiT proeqtisa da asociaciis prezentacias re-
gionebSi: gorSi, rusTavSi, TelavSi, axalcixeSi, baTumSi, zug-
didSi, quTaisSi. Sedegi aseTia: proeqtis CarCoebSi Cven or-
istorikosi N1 2011
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29
ganizeba gavukeTeT sam seminars wavkisSi, Caqvsa da bazaleT-
Si da 5 vorqSops: TbilisSi, gudaurSi, TelavSi, kvlav Tbilis-
sa da axalcixeSi. am aqtivobebSi monawileobdnen evropeli
da qarTveli eqspertebi, istoriis pedagogebi yvela regioni-
dan internacionaluri SemadgenlobiT, muzeumebisa da univer-
sitetebis TanamSromlebi, ganaTlebis saministros warmomad-
genlebi. Cveni proeqtis aqtivobebi araerTgzis gaSuqda Tbi-
lisisa Tu regionebis media sivrceSi. yovelive es Tanamimde-
vrulad Suqdeba evroklios organizaciis vebgverze www.eu-roclio.eu da evroklios yovelTviur biuletenSi. Cveni proeq-tis warmomadgenlebi araerTgzis iyvnen miwveulni evroklios
egidiT gamarTul konferenciebze, seminarebsa Tu vorqSope-
bze: inglisSi, holandiaSi, kviprosze, bulgareTSi, germaniaSi,
latviaSi, TurqeTSi. proeqtis bolos Cven unda gavamzadoT
saboloo produqti da gamovceT igi sxvadasxva enaze. Cve-
saerTaSoriso seminari TbilisSi, 2009 wlis 25 ianvari. sityviT gamodis
istoriis maswavlebelTa somxeTis asociaciis vice-prezidenti stefan gri-
goriani. mis marjvniv zis istoriis maswavlebelTa azerbaijanis asociaciis
vice-prezidenti rauf rajabovi
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30
ni saboloo gamocemis Semoklebuli varianti unda iTargmnos
inglisurad, xolo saqarTvelos skolebSi pilotirebisaTvis
mas gadaTargmnian rusul, azerbaijanul, afxazur, somxur da
osur enebze. Cven ukve daviwyeT proeqtis programis Sedge-
na ganaTlebis saministros mxridan misi akreditaciis mizniT,
raTa proeqtis dasrulebis Semdeg, am programis saSualebiT
gvqondes SesaZlebloba CavataroT treningebi maswavlebel-
TaTvis am sakiTxebze.
proeqtma didi samsaxuri gauwia istoriis maswavlebel-
Ta saqarTvelos asociacias im TvalsazrisiT, rom dRis we-
srigSi daayena asociaciis vebgverdisa (www.imsa.ge) da Jur-nalis gamocema. veb gverdi moemsaxureba ara mxolod proeq-
tis saWiroebebs, aramed gaaerTianebs da saWiro informacias
miawvdis asociaciis wevrebsa da dainteresebul pirebs. xolo
rac Seexeba Jurnals, Seiqmna misi redkolegia da ganisazRvra
pirveli nomris specifika. rogorc xedavT Jurnals ,,isto-
rikosi“ ewodeba. xolo pirveli nomeri interkulturul di-
alogs eZRvneba.
2010 wlis seqtembridan proeqtis internacionalurma red-
kolegiam muSaoba daiwyo saboloo produqtis redaqtirebaze,
rac savaraudod 2011 wlis gazafxulze dasruldeba. parale-
lurad seqtembridanve saqarTvelos skolebSi _ Tbilissa da
regionebSi _ Sida qarTlSi, qvemo qarTlSi, aWaraSi, imereTSi,
samegreloSi, kaxeTsa da samcxe-javaxeTSi Seuferxeblad mim-
dinareobda proeqtis saswavlo masalebis pilotireba. aso-
ciaciis ofisSi yovel kviras ikribebodnen regionidan Camosu-
li maswavleblebi, proeqtis koordinatorebi, proeqtis jgu-
fis xelmZRvanelebi da redkolegiis wevrebi, imarTeboda coc-
xali diskusiebi pilotirebis mimdinareobis ama Tu im saka-
maTo sakiTxze, xdeboda pilotirebis Sedegebis Sefaseba wi-
naswar momzadebuli da maswavleblebisaTvis darigebuli ki-
Txvaris mixedviT. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom pilotirebis proce-
si redkolegiis muSaobis paralelurad mimdinareobda da er-
Timeores avsebda. yovelive aman kargad dagvanaxa, Tu raode-
istorikosi N1 2011
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ni mniSvneloba aqvs Teoriisa da praqtikis Sejerebas, rac yo-
velTvis gamarjvebis sawindaria. diax, Cven gvjera gamarjve-
bis, gvjera imis, rom es proeqti gamoadgeba CvenSi istoriuli
ganaTlebis ganviTarebas, aseve gamoadgeba Cvens mravalferovan
sazogadoebas, mis yvela wevrs, eTnikur jgufebsa da konfesiebs,
momavali Taobebis demokratiuli faseulobebiTa da saxelmwi-
foebrivi azrovnebiT aRzrdas.
proeqtis redkolegiis wevri eva mamedova (Tbilisis #72 sajaro skola)
haagaSi, redkolegiis sxdomaze, 2010 wlis agvisto
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proeqtis `tolerantobis mSenebloba istoriis swavlebis proeqtis `tolerantobis mSenebloba istoriis swavlebis
gziT~ damatebiTi saxelwodebaa `rogor vaswavloT istoria
mravalkulturul da mravalkonfesiur garemoSi?~. imisaTvis, mravalkulturul da mravalkonfesiur garemoSi?~. imisaTvis,
rom am kiTxvas pasuxi gavceT, saqarTvelos rogorc qarTul, rom am kiTxvas pasuxi gavceT, saqarTvelos rogorc qarTul,
aseve, yvela araqarTul skolas vTavazobT damatebiT saswavlo aseve, yvela araqarTul skolas vTavazobT damatebiT saswavlo
masalas `rogor vicxovreT erTad saqarTveloSi XX sauku-masalas `rogor vicxovreT erTad saqarTveloSi XX sauku-
neSi~. imedi gvaqvs, is Seavsebs im `TeTr laqebs~, romlebic neSi~. imedi gvaqvs, is Seavsebs im `TeTr laqebs~, romlebic
Cveni saerTo samSoblos XX saukunis istoriis swavlebaSi Cveni saerTo samSoblos XX saukunis istoriis swavlebaSi
dRemde arsebobs.
qvemoT gTavazobT krebulSi Sesuli e.w. samuSao fur-qvemoT gTavazobT krebulSi Sesuli e.w. samuSao fur-
clebis anotacias. furclebTan erTad, gamosacemad mzaddeba clebis anotacias. furclebTan erTad, gamosacemad mzaddeba
maswavleblis wignic.
1. CavabareT Tu ara tolerantobis gamocda avbedobis Jams? 1. CavabareT Tu ara tolerantobis gamocda avbedobis Jams?
– sakvanZo kiTxva: SeiZleba Tu ara eTnokonfliqtebis fonze
keTilmezoblobis SenarCuneba?
moswavle, konfliqtis zonasTan mdebare ergneTis bazrobis
magaliTze, dainaxavs, rogor uwyobda xels savaWro urTier-
Toba urTierTndobis SenarCunebas qarTvelebsa da osebs So-
istorikosi N1 2011
krebuli _ `rogor vicxovreT erTad
saqarTveloSi XX saukuneSi~
anotacia
elene meZmariaSvili
istoriis doqtori,
proeqtis koordinatori
saqarTvelos mxridan
mravaleTnikuri saqarTvelo
jgufis xelmZRvaneli prof. nino Ciqovani
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33
ris, ratom ar SeuSlia xeli konfliqts am urTierTobebis
ganviTarebisTvis.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ramdenad SeiZleboda ergneTis ba-
zrobis msgavsi adgili yofiliyo konfliqtSi monawile mxa-
reebis gamTiSveli da, amave dros, gamaerTianebeli?
2. duxoborebi saqarTveloSi2. duxoborebi saqarTveloSi – sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor
SeZles duxoborebma TviTmyofadobis SenarCuneba XX saukunis
saqarTveloSi?
moswavle gaiazrebs, rogor moaxerxes duxoborebma Tavi-
anTi tradiciuli meurneobis dargebisa da yofis SenarCuneba
samcxe-javaxeTSi, ra iyo duxoborebis dasaxlebebSi yvelaze
mniSvnelovani: meurneoba, ena, religia Tu sxva., ra gavlena iqo-
nia me-20 saukunis mniSvnelovanma politikurma movlenebma maT
cxo vrebaze saqarTveloSi.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra uwyobda xels mcirericxovani
eTnikuri da religiuri jgufebis TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebas?
3. „kavkasiuri ezo“ sofel baraleTSi„kavkasiuri ezo“ sofel baraleTSi – sakvanZo kiTxva:
ramdenad iyo sofeli baraleTi XX saukunis saqarTveloSi
„kavkasiuri ezos“ magaliTi?
moswavle gaiazrebs, ras niSnavs „kavkasiuri ezo“, ra uw-
yobda da dResac uwyobs xels qarTvelTa da somexTa mSvido-
bian Tanacxovrebas javaxeTis sofel baraleTSi: Sromis pro-
cesi, RvTismsaxureba, mezobluri urTierToba, kanonmdebloba
Tu sxv..
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ratom iTvleba „kavkasiuri ezo“
sxvadasxva eTnikuri jgufis urTierTpativiscemis simbolod?
4. cxinvali 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisamde4. cxinvali 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisamde – erTiano-
ba mravalferovnebaSi – sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor cxovrobdnen
sxva dasxva erovnebis adamianebi cxinvalSi 1990-iani wlebis
dasawyisamde?
moswavleebi gaxdebian „kvleviTi jgufis wevrebi“ da
imuSaveben proeqtze, romlis mizania ipovon pasuxi kiTxvaze:
mcxovreblebs 1990–iani wlebis dasawyisamde?
5. ra moxda TbilisSi 1956 wlis 9 marts?5. ra moxda TbilisSi 1956 wlis 9 marts? – sakvanZo
kiTxva: ratom miiRes monawileoba 1956 wlis 9 martis movle-
nebSi sxvadasxva erovnebra akavSirebda erTmaneTTan sxvadasxva
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34
eTnikuri da religiuri jgufebis adamianebs cxinvalSi mSvi-
dobiani cxovrebisas? maT mouwevT sxvadasxva saxis, maT Soris,
adgilobrivi mcxovreblebis interviuebis gaanalizeba da sa-
kuTari daskvnebis gakeTeba.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra aerTianebda cxinvalis is war-
momadgenlebma?
moswavle gaiazrebs 1956 wlis 9 martis tragikul movle-
nebSi sxvadasxva eTnikuri jgufis warmomadgenlebis monawil-
eobis mizezebs da amis fonze gaakeTebs sakuTar daskvnebs, Tu
ramdenad CarTulebi iyvnen sxvadasxva erovnebis saqarTvelos
moqalaqeebi qveyanaSi mimdinare procesebSi.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: raze metyvelebs eTnikuri umci-
resobebis monawileoba sabWoTa saqarTveloSi mimdinare pro-
cesebSi?
6. 1989 wlis 9 aprili6. 1989 wlis 9 aprili – sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor vi-
brZodiT erTad saqarTvelos damoukideblobisTvis?
moswavle gaiazrebs XX saukunis meore naxevris am mniS-
vnelovan da tragikul movlenas axali kuTxiT: dainaxavs masSi
saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi sxvadasxva erovnebis adamianis monaw-
ileobas. garda amisa, gaerkveva wyaroebis tipebSi, daadgens
maTi sandoobis xarisxs.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: rogor SeiZleba gaxdes da-
moukideblobisTvis brZola sxvadasxva erovnebis moqalaqeebis
gamaerTianebeli?
7. Tbilisis melpomena (XX saukunis Tbilisis Teatraluri 7. Tbilisis melpomena (XX saukunis Tbilisis Teatraluri
cxovreba)cxovreba) – sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor gamoxatavda Teatraluri
cxovreba XX saukunis Tbilisis mravalerovan iersaxes?
moswavle gaicnobs qarTuli, rusuli, somxuri da azer-
baijanuli Teatrebis istorias da gaiazrebs, ra rols Ta-
maSobda zogadad Teatraluri cxovreba sxvadasxva erovnebis
Tbiliselebis daaxlovebaSi. moswavleebs mouwevT jgufebSi
muSaoba da „statiis“ momzadeba XX saukunis dasawyisis erT–
erTi Tbilisuri gazeTisaTvis.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: rogor emsaxureboda Tbilisis
melpomena Tanacxovrebas mravalkulturul qalaqSi?
istorikosi N1 2011
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35
8. edemis baRi „samxreTis cimbirSi“8. edemis baRi „samxreTis cimbirSi“ – sakvanZo kiTxva: ro-
gori urTierToba iyo saqarTveloSi Camosaxlebul rusebsa
da adgilobriv mosaxleobas Soris XX saukunis dasawyisSi?
moswavle gaiazrebs rogori iyo sagarejos raionSi XIX-XX
saukuneebSi Camosaxlebuli rusi malaknebis cxovreba XX sau-
kunis ganmavlobaSi: mezoblebTan urTierToba, Sroma, saojaxo
yofa, damokidebuleba eTnikuri da SeZenili samSoblosadmi.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ratom iTvleboda saqarTvelo anu
„samxreTis cimbiri“ edemis baRad?
9. „Tbilisuri ezo“9. „Tbilisuri ezo“ – sakvanZo kiTxva: ras niSnavs „Tbili-
suri ezo“?
moswavle gaiazrebs, ra istoriulma movlenebma Seuwyo
xeli e.w. „Semosavliani saxlebis“ gaCenas; rogori iyo Tbili-
sur ezoebSi yoveldRiuri cxovreba; ra iyo am cxovrebis
dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi. moswavles mouxdeba Tavisi
daskvnebis gakeTeba im masalaSi, romelsac vebgverdisaTvis
moamzadebs. aseve, moswavleebi gaiTamaSeben scenas Tbilisuri
ezos cxovrebidan.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: raSi gamoixateba Tbilisuri
ezoebis gansakuTrebuli koloriti?
1. Sereuli qorwinebebi saqarTveloSi XX saukunis meore 1. Sereuli qorwinebebi saqarTveloSi XX saukunis meore
naxevarSinaxevarSi – sakvanZo kiTxva: romelma politikurma procesebma
iqonia gavlena saqarTvelos mosaxleobis eTnikuri Semadgen-
lobis cvlilebaze XX saukunis meore naxevarSi?
moswavle, mravalferovani wyaroebis analizis gziT, gaa-
cnobierebs saqarTvelos mosaxleobis demografiuli cvli-
lebebis Taviseburebebsa da mizezebs; gaecnoba saqarTvelos
mosaxleobis demografiul mravalferovnebasa da misi cvli-
lebebis dinamikas XX saukunis meore naxevarSi.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra istoriuli movlenebi axdenda
gavlenas Sereuli qorwinebebis dinamikaze?
ojaxi da yoveldRiuri cxovreba
jgufis xelmZRvaneli prof. naira mamukelaSvili
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36
2. erTi quCa marneulSi2. erTi quCa marneulSi – sakvanZo kiTxva: rogori iyo
sxvadasxva eTnikuri da religiuri jgufis Tanacxovrebis
tradiciebi marneulSi XX saukunis bolos?
moswavle, saqarTvelos erT-erTi regionis – marneulis
mosa xleobis yoveldRiuri cxovrebis magaliTze, sxvadasxva
xasiaTis wyaroebze dayrdnobiT, gaanalizebs rogor moxda
sxva dasxva aRmsareblobis adamianTa tradiciebisa da kultu-
ris daaxloeba.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra aris marneulSi sxvadasxva
eTni kuri Tu religiuri jgufis urTierTobis damaxasiaTe-
beli niSani?
3. „xalxTa WianWvelebis bude“ CaqvSi3. „xalxTa WianWvelebis bude“ CaqvSi – sakvanZo kiTxva:
ratom eZaxian Caqvs „xalxTa WianWvelebis budes“?
moswavle, gaecnoba saqarTvelos erT-erTi yvelaze mra-
valeTnikuri soflis – Caqvis istoriul ganviTarebas XX
saukunis ganmavlobaSi. wyaroebze dayrdnobiT, is gaanalizebs,
Tu ra aris imis mizezi, rom saukunovani Tanacxovrebis pi-
robebSi, CaqvSi eTnikur niadagze ar momxdara arc erTi kon-
fliqti; ra aerTianebs erTmaneTisagan eTnikuri da religiuri
niSniT gansxvavebul adamianebs, ra ganapirobebs maT mSvidobian
Tanacxovrebas mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra aris saWiro imisaTvis, rom ada-
mianebi mSvidobianad cxovrobdnen mravaleTnikur dasaxlebaSi?
4. udiebi XX saukunis qarTul garemoSi4. udiebi XX saukunis qarTul garemoSi – sakvanZo kiTxva:
rogor cxovrobdnen udiebi XX saukunis qarTul garemoSi?
moswavle gaecnoba saqarTvelos mosaxleobis albanuri
warmoSobis erT-erTi mcirecicxovani eTnikuri jgufis – ud-
iebis yoveldRiur yofa-cxovrebas qarTvelebis garemocvaSi.
saerTo saklaso diskusiis gziT moswavle Tavad gamoTqvams
mosazrebebs, rogor unda moxdes udiebis integrireba qar-
Tul sazogadoebriobasTan ise, rom SenarCunebul iqnas maTi
tradiciebi da TviTmyofadoba.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra faqtorebs SeuZlia mcire-
ricxovani xalxebis TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebis xelSewyoba?
5. qistebi XX saukunis saqarTveloSi5. qistebi XX saukunis saqarTveloSi – sakvanZo kiTxva:
rogor aRiqvams qistebs Tanamedrove qarTuli sazogadoeba?
istorikosi N1 2011
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37
moswavle gaecnoba qistebis yoveldRiur cxovrebas saqa-
rTvelos erT-erT mTian regionSi; gaanalizebs, ras efuZneba
qristianebisa da muslimebis urTierToba sofel joyolos
magaliTze; Camoayalibebs kavkasiis xalxebis saerTo wes-
Cveulebebisa da mentalitetis Camoyalibebis mizezebs.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: eTnikuri, religiuri da enobrivi
siWrele – kavkasiuri kulturis simdidrea Tu problemebis
wyaro?
6. espaneli bebiis istoria6. espaneli bebiis istoria – sakvanZo kiTxva: ratom iqca
saqarTvelo samSoblod meore msoflio omis dros espaneTi-
dan evakuirebuli bavSvebisaTvis?
moswavle, sxvadasxva saxis wyaroebze dayrdnobiT da erTi
espanur-qarTuli ojaxis magaliTze, gaecnoba da gaanalizebs
upatronod darCenili espaneli bavSvebis mdgomareobas, saqa-
rTveloSi maTi gadmosaxlebis Semdeg; im istoriul faqtebs,
romlebmac maTi saqarTveloSi gadmosaxleba ganapiroba da
momavalSi maT beds Seexo. is gaanalizebs, rogori adamianuri
Tvisebebi ganapirobebs xalxis urTierT keTilganwyobil damo-
ki debulebas yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: romel istoriul movlenebs Seu-
Zlia gavlenis moxdena calkeuli adamianis bedze?
7. eTnokonfliqtebi da bavSvebi 7. eTnokonfliqtebi da bavSvebi – sakvanZo kiTxva: 1990-
iani wlebis ra istoriulma movlenebma iqonia gavlena bavS-
vebis cxovrebis pirobebze saqarTveloSi?
moswavle gaiazrebs XX saukunis bolosa da XXI sauku-
nis dasawyisSi saqarTvelos teritoriaze ganxorcielebuli
eTnokonfliqtebis Sedegad dazaralebuli ojaxebis bavSvebis
mdgomareobas; daasabuTebs, Tu ratom unda iyos dainteresebu-
li saxelmwifo da sazogadoeba mozardi Taobis problemebis
gadaWriT. wyaroebis safuZvelze daadgens, Tu romeli ufle-
bebi xorcieldeboda eTnokonfliqtebis Sedegad dazaralebul
bavSvebTan dakavSirebiT; Seecdeba gamonaxos gzebi dazarale-
buli bavSvebis mdgomareobis Sesamsubuqeblad.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra gavlena iqonia 1990-iani
wlebis eTnokonfliqtebma saqarTveloSi bavSvebis bedze?
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1. gayofili lukma1. gayofili lukma – sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor cxovrobdnen
erTad qarTvelebi da evakuirebuli ukrainelebi saqarTveloSi
1930-40-ian wlebSi?
moswavle gaanalizebs: 1930-40-ian wlebSi ukrainelTa
saqarTveloSi migraciis mizezebs; maTi qarTul sazogadoebaSi
integraciis process; siZneleebs, romelsac waawydnen saqarT-
veloSi ukraineli migrantebi. Camoayalibebs Tavis mosazre-
bebs zemoaRniSnul sakiTxebze jfufuri muSaobis safuZvelze.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra aris samuSao furclis saTau-
ris gzavnili?
2. mudmivad samSoblos ZiebaSi (mesxeTidan deportireb-2. mudmivad samSoblos ZiebaSi (mesxeTidan deportireb-
ulebi)ulebi) – sakvanZo kiTxva: ratom eZeben dRemde deportirebuli
mesxebi TavianT samSoblos?
moswavle gaerkveva 1940-ian wlebSi samxreT saqarTvelosa
da aWaris regionebidan mesxi mosaxleobis erTi nawilis iZu-
lebiT gasaxlebis mizezebsa da SedegebSi; gaanalizebs saq ar-
Tvelos mTavrobisa da sazogadoebis, sxvadasxva organizaciis
pozicias deportirebul mesxebTan dakavSirebiT XX saukunis
40-iani wlebidan dRemde. moswavle am sakiTxebSi gaerkveva
klasSi simulaciuri aqtivobis meSveobiT.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ratom gaasaxla saxelmwifom
saqarTvelodan, xolo Semdeg daabruna mosaxleobis garkveuli
nawili?
3. rusTavi – „ormoci Zmis“ qalaqi3. rusTavi – „ormoci Zmis“ qalaqi – sakvanZo SekiTxva:
saidan warmoiSva rusTavis zedmetsaxeli, `ormoci Zmis~ qa-
laqi?
moswavle gaigebs, rom 1940-ian wlebSi metalurgebis axa-
li qalaqis rusTavis daarseba industrializaciis politi-
kis gamoZaxili iyo, xolo qalaqis internacionaluri, mra-
valerovnuli xasiaTi – nawilobriv, saxelmwifos mxridan
Si da mi graciuli procesebis regulirebis Sedegi. moswavle
imsjelebs axali, mravalerovnuli qalaqis daarsebasTan daka-
istorikosi N1 2011
migracia
jgufis xelmZRvaneli prof. cira CikvaiZe
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39
vSirebul socialur, ekonomikur da kulturul problemebze
qalaq rusTavze pirobiTad gadasaRebi filmis scenarebSi.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra roli iTamaSa migraciulma
procesebma mravalerovani rusTavis SeqmnaSi?
4. agorebuli qvebi (ekologiuri migrantebi saqarTveloSi)4. agorebuli qvebi (ekologiuri migrantebi saqarTveloSi)
_ sakvanZo kiTxva: ratom iqca ekomigrantebis gansaxlebis
sakiTxi erovnebaTaSoris urTierTobis problemad saqarT-
veloSi?
moswavle gamoikvlevs da gaanalizebs 1990-ian wlebSi
saqarTveloSi ekologiuri cvlilebebis Sedegad gamowveul
Si da migraciul procesebs; gamoTqvams mosazrebebs axali da-
sa xlebebis SeqmniT warmoqmnili problemebis da saxelmwifos
rolis Sesaxeb am problemebis gadaWrisas. mas dasWirdeba
prezentaciis momzadeba da Sexedulebebis Sejereba ekomi-
grantebis problemebis gadaWris RonisZiebebTan dakavSirebiT.
ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ra roli unda Seasrulos xelisu-
flebam da sazogadoebam ekomigrantebis adaptaciisaTvis xel-
sayreli garemos SeqmnaSi?
5. medlis ori mxare: qarTvelebi da osebi (XX s. 90-5. medlis ori mxare: qarTvelebi da osebi (XX s. 90-
iani ww.iani ww.) _ sakvanZo kiTxva: SeiZleba Tu ara politikuri
lideris sajaro gamosvla calkeuli eTnikuri jgufis migra-
ciis mizezi gaxdes?
moswavle, mravalferovani wyaroebis daxmarebiT da jgu-
febSi muSaobis Sedegad, gaanalizebs: 1990-ian wlebSi saqarT-
velodan osebis migraciis mizezebsa da dinamikas; qarTuli
saxelmwifos mier gadadgmul politikur nabijebs; imsje-
lebs daZabulobis zrdis mizezebsa da konfliqtis mogvarebis
gzebze.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra gavlena moaxdina 1980-iani
wlebis bolosa da 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisis movlenebma
saqarTvelos mosaxlebis migraciul procesebze?
6. sami qalis dRiuri: baltiispirelebis bedi saqarTvelo-6. sami qalis dRiuri: baltiispirelebis bedi saqarTvelo-
SiSi _ sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor cxovrobdnen baltiispirelebi
XX saukunis saqarTveloSi?
moswavleebi gaigeben: rodis dasaxldnen, rogor integrird-
nen da cxovroben saqarTveloSi estonelebi, litvelebi da
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latvielebi; ramdenad aqtiurad aris CarTuli baltiispirel-
Ta diaspora saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriv da sazogadoebriv
cxovrebaSi. Aam kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemas moswavle moax-
erxebs sami _ estoneli, litveli da latvieli _ qalis
dRiurebis furclebidan.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra aris saerTo saqarTveloSi
mcxovrebi baltiispireli qalebis bedSi?
7. `sxva saqarTvelo sad aris?~: 1990-iani wlebis emigra-7. `sxva saqarTvelo sad aris?~: 1990-iani wlebis emigra-
ciacia _ sakvanZo kiTxva: ratom tovebdnen saqarTvelos moqa-
laqeebi samSoblos 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisSi?
moswavle, sxvadasxva saxis wyaroebze dayrdnobiT, gaanali-
zebs saqarTveloSi XX s. bolos arsebuli migraciuli pro-
cesebis gamomwvev politikur, ekonomikur, socialur mizezebs.
jgufuri muSaobis Sedegad, daasaxelebs maTgan, misi azriT,
yvelaze mniSvnelovan xuT mizezs, ris gamoc SeiZleboda im
dros saqarTvelos datoveba. aseve, ivaraudebs xuT mizezs, ris
gamoc samSobloSi darCena jobda.
ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: SeZles Tu ara 1990-iani wlebis
emigrantebma sxva saqarTvelos naxva?
mimarTuleba _ religia
1. kanoni da realoba1. kanoni da realoba – sakvanZo kiTxva: rogori iyo sab-
WoTa saxelmwifos religiuri politika 1920-40-ian wlebSi?
samuSao furceli exeba 1920-40-ian wlebSi religiis
sferoSi sabWoTa kanonmdeblobis da saxelmwifoSi Seqmni-
li realuri viTarebis winaaRmdegobriv xasiaTs. moswavle
gaacnobierebs saxelmwifos rols negatiuri stereotipebis
Camoyalibebis saqmeSi da rom marto kargi kanoni ar aris sak-
marisi realur cxovrebaSi mis gansaxorcieleblad.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra monawileobas iRebdnen qarTve-
li bolSevikebi saxelmwifos religiuri politikis ganxor-
cielebaSi?
istorikosi N1 2011
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jgufis xelmZRvaneli istoriis doqtori
beso lorTqifaniZe
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2. uRmerTo saqarTvelo2. uRmerTo saqarTvelo – sakvanZo kiTxva: ratom ebrZoda
sabWoTa saxelmwifo yvela aRmsareblobis adamians 1920-30-
ian wlebSi?
samuSao furceli gadmogvcems 1920-30-ian wlebSi sabWoTa
propagandistuli manqanis damokidebulebas yvela religiis
mimarT. moswavle dainaxavs, rom es negatiuri damokidebuleba
Seexo yvela aRmsareblobas. is Tavad Seqmnis TvalsaCinoebas
da gaiazrebs, rom yvela mrwamsis adamianis mimarT unda iyos
tolerantuli.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: rogor axsni samuSao furclis
saTaurs „uRmerTo saxelmwifo“?
3. faruli locv3. faruli locva – sakvanZo kiTxva: ra Sedegi mohyva re-
ligiuri politikis cvlilebas sabWoTa kavSirSi 1940-70-ian
wlebSi?
samuSao furcelSi gadmocemulia saxelmwifos damokideb-
uleba sxvadasxva aRmsareblobis adamianebis mimarT da real-
uri suraTi 1940-70-ian wlebSi. moswavle dainaxavs xalxis
Cum protests saxelmwifo politikis mimarT.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ratom loculobdnen sabWoTa
saqarTveloSi farulad?
4. TanamSromloba Tu Seuwynarebloba?!4. TanamSromloba Tu Seuwynarebloba?! – sakvanZo kiTx-
va: ramdenad iyo aRmsarebloba da erovnuloba konfliqtebis
mizezi damoukidebel saqarTveloSi XX-XXI saukuneebis mi-
jnaze?
moswavle gaecnoba saqarTvelos mosaxleobis sxvadasxva
mrwamsis adamianebis urTierTdamokidebulebas 1990-ian wleb-
sa da Tanamedrove periodSi. is Seecdeba gaarkvios, ramdenad
uwyobs xels urTierTSemwynarebloba qveynis karCaketilobis
daZlevasa da siZleres. amisaTvis mas istoriidan magaliTebis
moSvelieba dasWirdeba.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ra gavlenas axdens qveynis gan-
viTarebaze sxvadasxva religiis warmomadgenelTa TanamSrom-
loba da urTierTSemwynarebloba?
5. saqarTvelo marTlmadideblebisTvis?5. saqarTvelo marTlmadideblebisTvis? – sakvanZo kiTxva:
ramdenad misaRebia fraza: saqarTvelo marTlmadideblebi sTvis?
moswavle Seecdeba gaarkvios, ratom aris garkveuli ste-
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reotipebi saqarTveloSi sxvadasxva aRmsareblobis adamianebis
mimarT. aseve Seecdeba dasaxos gzebi am stereotipebis dasa-
Zlevad.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ratom unda izrunos qveynis
mosaxleobis marTlmadidebelma umravlesobam sxva aRmsare-
blobis adamianebis uflebebze?
6. kaTolikebi me-20 saukunis quTaisSi6. kaTolikebi me-20 saukunis quTaisSi – sakvanZo kiTxva:
rogori iyo quTaisis mosaxleobis damokidebuleba adgilo-
brivi kaTolikebis mimarT XX saukuneSi?
moswavle gaecnoba da gaiazrebs qarTveli kaTolikebis
wvlils me-20 saukunis quTaisis cxovrebis TiTqmis yvela
sferoSi; adgilobrivi mosaxleobis maTdami damokidebulebas.
ganmazogadoebeli kiTxva: ratom Tvlidnen Tavs sxvadasxva
konfesiis adamianebi, maT Soris, kaTolikebi, upirvelesad, WeS-
marit quTaislebad?
istorikosi N1 2011
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ganaTleba inkluziurobis, cnobierebis
amaRlebisa da tolerantobisaTvis:
ZiriTadi Temebi sakiTxis droulobisa da
mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb
istoriis saganmanaTleblo roli skolebSi
2008 wels sajaro ganaTlebis Sefasebis holandiurma cen-
trma sakuTar veb-gverdze Semdegi daskvna gamoaqveyna: „sko-
lebs mniSvnelovani roli eniWeba kanonierebis, demokratiisa
da moqalaqeobis zogadi faseulobebis gadacemis saqmeSi. es
gansakuTrebiT xorcieldeba iseTi sagnebis meSveobiT, rogori-
caa istoria da moqalaqeobis safuZvlebi.“ swored es wina-
dadeba xsnis sakiTxis arss, kerZod imas, rom istoria, rasac
Cven skolebSi vaswavliT, axalgazrda Taobis aRzrdasTanaa
dakavSirebuli da, aqedan gamomdinare, misi msjelobis sagani
unda iyos sayovelTao faseulobebi, humanuri midrekilebebi
da demokratiis monapovari.
vici, rom bevri istorikosisaTvis es gancxadeba SeiZle-
ba arakomfortul WeSmaritebas warmoadgendes, radgan isini
ufrTxian warsulis instrumentalizacias da, miT ufro, ide-
ologiuri mizezebiT mis arasworad gamoyenebas. samwuxarod,
ioke van der leu-roordi
evroklios damfuZnebeli,
misi pirveli prezidenti,
amJamad aRmasrulebeli direqtori
saerTaSoriso siaxleebi istoriis swavlebaSi
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44
istoria da istoriis swavleba evropaSi Tu mis farglebs
gareT uamrav magaliTs gvTavazobs am SiSis gasamarTleb lad.1
Tumca, istoriis pedagogebs isic gaazrebuli aqvT, rom isini
saganmanaTleblo sistemis nawils warmoadgenen da ganaTleba
axlagazrda Taobaze unda iyos morgebuli. skolaSi mozardebi
ar Seiswavlian warsuls mxolod im mizniT rom gaarkvion
zustad ra moxda; sagani unda daiwyos mTavari SekiTxviT mis
mizanTan dakavSirebiT.
istorias evropul saskolo kurikulumSi uamravi mniS-
vnelovani mizani akisria. evroklios mier 2003, 2006 da 2009
wlebSi Catarebulma kvlevebma aCvena, rom istoriis Seswav-
lisa Tu swavlebis upirvelesi miznebi mTels evropaSi met–
naklebad erTnairia: esaa ganaTleba demokratiisa da moqa-
laqeobriobis xelSewyobisTvis, moswavleTa mier samyaros
Se cnoba, maTSi kritikuli azrovnebis unaris ganviTareba da
sakuTari saxelmwifosadmi erovnuli kuTvnilebis grZnobis
Camo yalibeba.2
pasuxismgebeli profesiuli Zala
cnobilia, rom istoria sazogadoebisaTvis mniSvnelvan ma-
moZravebel Zalas warmoadgens. aqedan gamomdinare, evroklio
cdilobs xeli Seuwyos istoriuli ganaTlebis jan saR gam-
oyenebas demokratiuli sazogadoebebis mSene blobisa da ga-
Zlierebis mizniT. aseve cdilobs kavSiri daamyaros isto-
rikosebs Soris miuxedavad maTi eTnikuri Tu religiuri
kuTvnilebisa. organizaciis wevrebi erToblivad eZeben gzebs,
1 magaliTisTvis ixileT Antoon de Baets, Responsible History (Oxford, 2008), Christina Koulouri (ed), Clio in the Balkans. The Policy of History Education (Thessaloniki, 2002), Christina Koulouri (ed), Teaching the History of Southeastern Europe (Thessaloniki, 2001) da Wolfgang Hopken(ed), Oil on Fire: Textbooks, Ethnic Stereotypes and Violence in South-Eastern Europe (Hannover, 1996).
2 evroklios saiti Seicavs ZiriTadi kiTxvarebis Sedegebs, moyolebuli
1998 wlidan rogorc PowerPoint-Si warmodgenil prezentaciebs, aseve dia-gramebsa da rukebs: http://www.euroclio.eu/joomla/index.php/component/option,-com_docman/Itemid,402/.
istorikosi N1 2011
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raTa danergon sayovelTao Rirebulebebi, humanuri midrekile-
bebi, demokratiuli monapovari da, amgvarad, gazardon gana-
Tlebis mniSvneloba keTilsindisieri moqalaqeobisa da Seri-
gebis saqmeSi.
daarsebis dRidan, 1993 wlidan evroklio xels uwyobs
saeTaSoriso urTierTgagebas, pativiscemasa da TanamSromlo-
bas. organizaciis upirveles mizans warmoadgens xeli Seuwyos
istoriis swavlebis ganviTarebas, rac, Tavis mxriv, gaaZlierebs
mSvidobas, stabilurobas, demokratias da kritikul azrovne-
bas. evroklio iRwvis, raTa istoriisa da moqalaqeobriobis
safuZvlebis swavleba mravalferovani xedviT, inovaciiT da
kritikuli azrovnebiT gaamdidros.
evroklio amtkicebs, rom warsuls ar gaaCnia sazRvrebi da
istoriis swavleba udides gavlenas axdens imaze, Tu rogor
aRiqvamen adamianebi garemomcvel samyaros. evroklios xedviT,
istoriis swavla da swavleba gansakuTrebuli pasuxismge-
blobis sferoa, radgan swored is gaxlavT ganaTlebis sfero-
Si yvelaze metad politizirebuli sagani. saskolo istoria
moiTxovs pasuxismgeblobis mqone yovelmxriv profesionals
da evroklioc Tavs uyris istorikosebsa da istoriis peda-
gogebs evropidan, raTa erToblivad ganixilon da gamoscadon
warsulis inkluziuri swavlebis meTodebi.
evroklios miaCnia, rom istoria aris yvelaze struqturi-
zebuli arxi sazogadoebebSi istoriuli cnobierebis Camoya-
libebisTvis da, Sesabamisad, SemoqmedebiTad uwyobs xels mis
winsvlas. evroklio propagandas uwevs imgvar midgomas isto-
riis swavlebisadmi, romelic ganamtkicebs demokratiul fa-
seulobebs, unarebs da midrekilebebs. Tavis mxriv, es sagani
zrdis ormxriv pativiscemas, tolerantobas da antieqstremi-
stul ganaTlebas. is svams kiTxvebs, romlebic iwveven kamaTs.
imisaTvis, raTa es ideebi praqtikaSi gaataros, 1993 wlidan
moyolebuli evrokliom evropaSi organizeba gauwia 30-ze met
saerTaSoriso konferencias, asobiT adgilobriv seminars da
vorqSops, ganaxociela uamravi grZelvadiani proeqti.
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novatoruli meTodologia
evroklios politika SemuSavebulia uamravi erovnuli da
saerTaSoriso debatebis Sedegad. istoriis saskolo swav-
lebis tradiciuli funqcia mravaljer dadga kiTxvis niSnis
qveS, radgan xSirad igi iaraRad qceula erebsa Tu saxelmwi-
foebs Soris dapirispirebebSi. 2007 wels bledSi (slovenia)
gaimarTa saerTaSoriso konferencia Temaze ,,adamianTa ufle-
bebis swavleba: gakveTilebi istoriidan“ sadac kviprosel-
ma istoriis ganaTlebis eqspertma Cara makriianim damswre
farTo evropuli sazogadoebis winaSe wamoWra mniSvnelovani
kiTxvebi saskolo sagnis miznebTan dakavSirebiT.1
• moeTxovebaT Tu ara istoriis swavlebis procesSi mo-
swavleebs daeTanxmon movlenebis Sefasebas Tu kiTxvis niSnis
qveS unda daayenon is;
• morCilad unda miyvnen movlenebis „oficialur“ inter-
pretacias Tu disciplinirebuli kamaTisa da argumentebis
Sedegad sakuTari versiebi SeimuSavon;
• daeTanxmon romelime konkretul xedvas Tu multiper-
speqtiuli xedvisaken iswrafon?
• istoriam skolis moswavleebs daTanxmeba unda aswavlos
Tu winaaRmdegobis gaweva?
cxadia, istoriis swavlebis evropeli da aramarto evro-
peli specialistebi ufro metad am kiTxvebis meore nawi-
l ebs daeTanxmebian, Tumca es ar niSnavs imas, rom umravlesoba
swored am midgomas iziarebs. umetes evropul qveynebSi poli-
tikosebsa da mediis warmomamdgenlebs Zalian uWirT gaiTavi-
son saskolo istoriis es kritikuli pasuxismgebloba.
doqtori Cara makriiani aseve Seexo sagnis Tematikas da
dasva Semdegi kiTxvebi:
• unda misces Tu ara saskolo istoriam moswavleebs co
1 doqtor makriianis sruli prezentacia SegiZliaT ixiloT bmul-
ze: http://www.euroclio.eu/joomla/index.php/component/option,com_docman/Ite-mid,402/.
istorikosi N1 2011
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dna da gaagebinos warsulis Sesaxeb istoriuli azrovnebis
mniSvneloba;
• unda ganaviTaros Tu ara maTSi warsul da axlandel
sa zo gadoebebSi individebis Tu jgufebis rolis, pasuxismgeb-
lobis, uflebebis SesaZleblobebis da movaleobebis gageba;
• unda gazardos Tu ara moswavleTa demokratiuli damo-
kidebulebebi da unarebi;
• unda waaqezos Tu ara sazogadoebaSi CarTuloba da aqti-
voba;
• unda gazardos Tu ara moswavleTa Soris mravalfe ro-
vnebis mimReoba.
am SemTxvevaSi istoriis Tanamedrove swavleba valdebulia
yvela moTxovna gaiTvaliswinos.
sakiTxavia, ramdenadaa es midgomebi saskolo istoriis r e -
a lo ba Si danergili?
2006 wels evroklios mier Sedgenili kiTxvari sTxovda
respodentebs eCvenebinaT, Tu ra adgili uWiravs maT erovnul
kurikulumebSi garkveul koncefciebsa da kompetenciebs.
gamokiTxvis Sedegad, yvelaze mniSvnelovnad dasaxelda
Sedegi:
• qronologiuri cnobierebis Camoyalibeba da movlenaTa
qronologiuri TanmimdevrobiT dalagebis unari;
• cvlilebisa da uwyvetobis gaazrebis unari;
• analizis unari;
• istoriuli masalebis Sefasebisa da maTi istoriul kon-
teqstSi gamoyenebis unari.
da mainc, yvelaze mniSvnelovnad istoriuli codnis Tanmim-
devrulad gaxseneba iTvleboda, vidre faqtebisa da Sexedu-
l e bebis erTmaneTisagan garCeva. aseve, istoriuli mniSvnelobis
Sefaseba urTierTsawinaaRmdego interpretaciebis ga mo yenebiT.
yvelaze umniSvnelod CaiTvala dRevandeli istoriografiuli
debatebis saqmis kursSi yofna.
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48
faseulobebi da midgomebi
samxreT floridis ganaTlebis koleji Zalian kargad uR-
e bs alRos istoriis pedagogTa muSaobas, rodesac wers, rom
„yvela profesia xasiaTdeba saerTo codnis erTi da imav e Tvi-
sebebiT, unarebiT da midgomebiT.1 swavleba ki xelobaa, rad gan
srulyofilebis ZiebaSi is iyenebs mecnierebasac da xelovneba-
sac“... es ganacxadi maswavlebelTan erTad moswavlesac exeba
– “socialuri disciplinebis (ganaTleba) ZiriTad winapirobas
warmoadgens is, rom moswavle valdebulia gamoavlinos codna,
unarebi, midgoma“.
es ganacxadi socialuri disciplinebisa da ganaTlebis
erT Zalian mniSvnelovan da saintereso aspeqts usvams xazs.
es ori sagani ara mxolod gadascems codnas da unarebs, ar-
amed nergavs konkretul faseulobebs da aviTarebs sazogadoe-
bisaTvis sasargeblo midgomebs moswavleebSi.2 swored zemox-
senebul or sagans aqvs yvelaze metad pirdapiri urTierToba
politikasTan, ideologiasa da sazogadoebebis Tanadroul
saWiroebebTan. sakiTxebi, romlebic yovelTvis iwveven kamaTs
istoriis axali kurikulumis Sesaxeb aris globalizacia,
gadagvareba, erovnuli identobis SegrZnebis Semcireba, saer-
TaSoriso islamis mzardi roli da erovnul Tu religiur
umciresobaTa naklebi integracia sazogadoebaSi.
ukanasknel wlebSi evropaSi am sakiTxebs socialuri mis-
wrafebebis mTel wyebasTan akavSirebdnen. yofil komunistur
qveynebSi dRis wesrigSi upirvelesi adgili daiWira gana-
Tlebam demokratiis ganviTarebisaTvis.3 bevri iseTi dasav-
1 ixileT: Social Studies Education (SSE) Course & Program Policies & Expec-tations bmulze: http://www.coedu.usf.edu/main/departments/seced/SocialS/SSEho-me.html
2 evroklios 2009 wlis kiTxvaris avlens Semdeg prioritetebs: http://www.euroclio.eu/joomla/index.php/component/option,com_docman/Itemid,402/.
3 Michail A. Boytsov, “A EUROCLIO and Russian Joint Venture. Writing Scho-olbooks on Post-War History”–History for Today and Tomorrow. What does Euro-pe Mean for School History. EUSTORY-Series: Shaping European History, Volume 2 (Hamburg, 2001) 154-163. evroklios proeqtebi fikusirdeba Semdegi sa-kiTxebis garSemo. http://www.euroclio.eu/joomla/index.php/component/option,-com_docman/Itemid,241/vb.
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leTevropuli qveynis winaSe, romlebSic maRalia migracia, mag-
aliTad, safrangeTi, didi britaneTi, niderlandebi, moulod-
nelad dadga sakuTari rolis gaazrebis sakiTxi sazogadoe-
baTa kavSiris, mravalferovnebis dafasebis da tolerantobis
mSeneblobis saqmeSi.1 konfliqtur teritoriebze, magaliTad
bosniaSi, saqar Tvelosa da makedoniaSi, Serigebasa da mraval-
ferovnebis dafasebas didi yuradReba eqceva. TiTqmis yve-
la evropuli skolis istoriis kurikulumSi Sevida Temebi,
romlebic moicavs Tanasworobas, adamianTa uflebebs, gen d ers,
uwyvet ganviTarebas da garemos. gansakuTrebuli davalebebi
da e kisra socialur disciplinebsa da istoriis kurikulumebs,
amisi kargi magaliTia evroklios egidiT TurqeTSi mimdinare
proeqti. SeiZleba zogma ikiTxos, ramdenad emTxveva evro-
pel politikosTa da istoriis pedagogTa damokidebulebebi
da ramdenad misaRebia maswavlebelTaTvis es moTxovnebi, an
saerTod, ramdenad xSirad ekiTxebian maT rCevas, aqvT Tu ara
survili da unari msgavsi faseulobebi gadascen Taobebs da
ganaviTaron garkveuli tendenciebi?2
evroklios mer 2009 wels Catarebulma gamokiTxvam
dagvanaxa, rom evropaSi amgvar gadawyvetilebebze istoriis
peda gogebs mcire gavlena aqvT.3 da kiTxva, pedagogTa Taname-
drove kompetencia da arsebuli saswavlo masalebis xarisxi
gamodgeba Tu ara dasaxuli miznebis misaRwevad, jerac pa-
suxgaucemelia.
evroklios meTodi gamoxatavs azrs, rom istoriasa da is-
toriis swavlebas adamianuri faseulobebis, damokidebule-
bebis da midrekilebebis mTel wyebasTan uxdeba Sepirispireba.
1 Gordon Brown, The Future of Britishness, moxseneba fabianelTa sazoga-doebaSi, 2006 wlis 14 ianvari. sazogadoebis pres-relizi ixileT bmulze
http://www.fabians.org.uk/events/speeches/the-future-of-britishness; magaliTad, ni-derlandebSi debatebi Temaze Canon and National Museum for History ixileT http://www.jijmaaktgeschiedenis.nu/blog/ an http://entoen.nu/forum.aspx.
2 James Fitzgerald, ‘History in the Curriculum: Debate on Aims and Values’ in History and Theory, Vol. 22, No. 4, Beiheft 22: The Philosophy of History Teaching (Dec., 1983), 81-100, ixileT bmulze http://www.jstor.org/pss/2505217.
3 2009 wlis kiTxvaris Sedegebi ixileT bmulze http://www.euroclio.eu/joomla/index.php/component/option,com_docman/Itemid,402/.
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esaubro axlagazrda Taobas warsulze, niSnavs moicva pozi-
tiuri Temebi, rogoricaa demokratia, tolerantoba, adamianTa
uflebebis pativiscema, urTierTgageba, solidaroba, Tavisufle-
ba, gambedaoba, Tanabari SesaZleblobebi, pasuxismgebloba, si-
yvaruli da megobroba. Tumca, aseve Tavs ver aarideb negatiur
cnebebs, rogoricaa stereotipebi, crurwmena, brma rwmena, qse-
nofobia, rasizmi da Zaladoba.
evrokliom partnior organizaciebTan erTad am sakiTxebTan
dakavSirebiT mTeli rigi saswavlo strategiebi da masa-
lebi SeimuSava.1 istoriaSi mravladaa movlenebi, procesebi
da fenomenebi, romlebic moqalaqeobas Tu samoqalaqo pasux-
ismgeblobas exeba. evroklio cnobs istoriis pedagogTa sa-
sicocxlo rols axalgazrdebSi samoqalaqo pasuxismgeblobis
da sazogadoebaSi maTi aqtiurad CarTvis saqmeSi.2
specifiuri istoria
evropis istoriis swavleba Zalian momTxovni da gansa-
kuTrebulia. zogadad, erovnuli istoriis swavlebaSi erovnu-
li umravlesobis warmomadgeneli jgufis xedvebi Warbobs.
1 amis Sedegi iyo 14 inovaciuri saxelmZRvanelosa da maswavlebelTa
damxmare wignis gamoqveyneba, magaliTisTvis: Ordinary People in an Extraordina-ry Country. Every Day Life in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia. Yugosla-via between East and West 1945-1990 (2008) and Change and Continuity in Everyday Life in Albania, Bulgaria and Macedonia 1945-2000 (2003). evroklios arsebo-bis pirveli 15 wlis namuSevris Sejameba ixileT organizaciis 26-e biule-
tenSi Making a Difference. Fifteen Years of EUROCLIO, bmulze: http://www.eu-roclio.eu/site/index.php/2008-making-a-difference-bulletins-381. evroklios mier gamocemuli yvela publikaciis naxva SegiZliaT organizaciis saitze.
2 magaliTad, ixileT Fair and Balanced History. 44 working sheets for active student work with a multicultural approach (http://www.euroclio.eu/site/index.php/materials-bulgaria-129). evrokliosa da evropaevmis gaerTianebuli Zalisxme-vis Sedegia proeqti Connecting Europe through History. am wlis ZiriTad Temas warmoadgens Experiences and Perceptions of Migrations in Europe da informaciis xilva SesaZlebelia bmulze http://www.euroclio.eu/site/index.php/projects-ma-inmenu-125/current-projects-mainmenu-32/connecting-europe-mainmenu-304. pir-veli wlis (Human rights in Europe? Tolerance, Democracy, Citizenship, Criti-cal thinking and Multiperspectivity as European Values) sruli moxseneba xelmi-sawvdomia bmulze http://www.connectinghistory.eu/.
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martini Tavs statiaSi evropis istoria da Zveli franguli
wes-Cveulebebi aRniSnavs, rom safrangeTisaTvis „absolutu-
rad warmoudgenelia iseTi kurikulumi, romelic mieZRvneboda
bretanisa Tu baskuri regionis istoriis swavlebas1.“ amave
dros, is acxadebs, „meore msoflio omis periodSi ganviTare-
bul genocidamde evropaSi ar moiZebna adgili ebraelTaTvis.
magram arc qalTa da arc genderis istoria ar TamaSobs ara-
viTar rols; franguli istoriuli ganaTleba aris erovnuli
franguli politikuri istoria“. zogierTi qveyana, magaliTad,
britaneTi, kvlav mtkiced ewinaaRmdegeba iseTi kurikulumebis
ganviTarebas, sadac istoriuli samyaro ufro vrclad an mci-
red iqneba warmodgenili, vidre erovnuli saxelmwifo. jounsi
Tavis statiaSi ,,spilosTan erTad sarecelis gayofa: isto-
riis swavleba uelsSi“ wers, rom es sakiTxi aris gamowveva,
romelsac swrafad unda gaumklavdes britaneTi, sadac ing-
lisuri istoria, kultura da ena saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi
batonobda britaneTis sxva qveynebze.2 evroklios mier 2004
wels kardifSi gamarTulma konferenciam aCvena, rom isto-
riis uelsur kurikulumebsac gaaCndaT siZneleebi.3 saskolo
istoria jerac fokusirdeba uamrav mniSvnelovan personaze,
romlebic dominant kulturas warmoadgenen. mcire yuradReba
eqceva qalebs da saerTod uyuradRebod rCebian eTnikuri
jgufebis warmomadgenlebi.4
1 Jean-Clément Martin, ‘European History and Old French Habits’, – History for Today and Tomorrow. What does Europe Mean for School History. EUSTORY-Se-ries: Shaping European History, Volume 2 (Hamburg, 2001) 45-57.
2 Elin Jones, ‘Sharing the bed with an elephant: teaching history in Wales’, in: History for Today and Tomorrow, 36-44 and Jean-Clément Martin, ‘European Histo-ry and Old French Habits’, idem 45-57.
3 R.R. Davies, ‘Wales and History, Small Country, Large Issues’ and Bjorn Mat-sen, ‘The Learning Country, Jane Davidson, Welsh Minister of Education’, orive ixileT evroklios me–20 biuletenSi: Belonging to Europe – Small Nations, Big Issues (2004) 10-17 and 17.
4 Jan Bank en Piet de Rooy, ‘Een canon van het Nederlandse verleden. Wat iede-reen móet weten van de vaderlandse geschiedenis’, gazeTma NRC Handelsblad 2004 wlis 30 oqtombers warmoadgina am midgomis SesaniSnavi magaliTi, msgavs
tendenciebs amJRavnebs 2001 wlis holandiuri kurikulumi Seqmnili saSu-
alo skolis maRali klasebisaTvis.
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zogierT qveyanaSi, magaliTad, rumineTsa da latviaSi, calke
sagnad iswavleba eTnikuri jgufebis istoria. Tumca aseTi
midgoma realurad sulac ar uwyobs xels inkluziur swav-
lebas, radganac ar zrdis erTmaneTis Sesaxeb metis gagebis
SesaZleblobas. umravlesobis jgufis warmomadgenelTaTvis
sakuTari istoria Tu kultura warmoadgens erTaderT sagans
saskolo istoriaSi. Tumca, umciresobebis warmomadgenelTa
istoriis calke sagnad gamoyofa rumineTSi, sul cota, is-
toriis swavlebaSi mravalferovnebis danergvas niSnavs. lat-
viaSi axali moqnili kurikulumi aseve iZleva saSualebas
Seswavlil iqnas eTnikuri istoria rusul, polonur, litvur,
ukra inul, estonur da belorusulenovan skolebSi.
inglisSi kurikulumis dagegmvisas mTavar moTxovnas war-
moadgens is, rom igi pasuxobdes axalmosaxleTa saWiroebebs
da erTnair uflebebs aniWebdes moswavleebs „miuxedavad maTi
socialuri warmomavlobis, kulturis, rasis, sqesis, gansxvave-
buli SesaZleblobebisa Tu unarebisa“.1 istoriis kurikulu-
mis farglebSi moiTxoveba „Seuqmnan inglisSi axlad Camosul
moswavleebs iseTi garemo, rom maT CamouyalibdeT sakuTari
identobis da msoflioSi sakuTari adgilis myari SegrZneba.
es daexmareba maT gaiazron, Tu ra gavlena moaxdina warsulma
awmyoze da rogor ganviTarda is adgili, sadac axla isini
cxovroben. istoria daexmareba axalmosulebs ukeT Caswvdnen
inglisis kulturas, institutebs da istorias.“ Tanamedrove
kurikulumTa damxmare saSualeba „uCvenebs maswavleblebs,
Tu rogor SuZliaT maT saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi gardaqmnan
erovnuli sakurikulumo programebi da Seusabamon isini mo-
swavleTa gamowvevebs ToToeul etapze.2“ QCA-s saitze am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT mravladaa mocemuli direqtivebi da
aqtivobebis nimuSebi.3
evroklios modelis mixedviT, saskoli istoriis mizans
1 QCA-s saiti iZleva saintereso SeTavazebebs termin inkluziasTan da-kavSirebiT.http://www.qca.org.uk/qca_7277.aspx.
2 ixileT: http://www.qca.org.uk/qca_7341.aspx.3 xelmisawvdomia bmulze http://www.qca.org.uk/qca_7964.aspx.
istorikosi N1 2011
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unda warmoadgendes yovelmxrivi inlkuziuroba, SekavSireba,
gaazreba im maxasiaTeblebisa, rac ganasxvavebs sxvadasxva sqe-
sis da asakis adamianebs, eTnikur, lingvistur da religiur
jgufebs, mdidarsa da Raribs, qalaqis Tu soflis mosaxleobas,
gansxvavebuli azris mqone sazogadoebebs.1 yovlismomcvelo-
bis amgvari interpretacia tradiciul midgomaze Sors midis,
radgan moicavs ara mxolod eTnikur da religiur, aramed
asakobriv, sqesobrv jgufebs da Sexedulebebs. evroklios ram-
denime proeqti albaneTSi, bosnia-hercogovinaSi, xorvatiaSi,
bulgareTSi, estoneTSi, latviaSi, makedoniaSi, ruseTSi, ser-
beTsa da ukrainaSi swored am sakiTxebs mieZRvna.2
umciresobis warmomadgenelTa Sesaxeb saskolo savarjiSoe-
bisTvis kargi wyaros moZieba namdvilad problemuria. moviyvan
erT magaliTs: proeqtis istoriisa da moqalaqeobrivi gana-
Tlebis xelSewyoba rumineTSi menejmentma sTxova eqsperts
iad vaSemids (israeli), stimuli mieca proeqtis wevrTaTvis,
rom maT saxelmZRvaneloSi warmoedginaT ruminul/ebrauli
istoriuli wyaroebi. damswre sazogadoebas Zalian daswyda
guli, rodesac eqspertma mxolod polonuri masalebi moitana.
TviT am kargad aRWurvili ebrauli resurscentrisaTvisac ki
ar aRmoCnda advili sasurveli masalebis moZieba.
zemoTaRniSnuli problemis gamo, ukrainul saxelmZvanelo-
Si ukraina 1901–1938 wlebSi, individis TvaliT danaxuli
periodi TiTqmis ar moixsenieba im drois ukrainis mraval-
ricxovani ebrauli mosaxleobis istoria.3 igive SeiZleba
iTqvas boSebze, romlebic centraluri Tu aRmosavleT ev-
1 magaliTad, evroklios rusuli warmomadgenlbis publikacia Mosaic of Cultures (2005) , ixileT bmulze http://www.euroclio.eu/site/index.php/projects-mainmenu-125/past-projects-mainmenu-47/national-mainmenu-241/cat_view/61-na-tional/150-2002-2005-russia-mosaic/170-educational-materials
2 estoneTSi, latviaSi, makedoniasa da ruseTSi proeqtebis meore wye-
bis gansakuTrebuli kvlevis sagani gaxda termini inkluzia, igive SeiZle-
ba iTqvas evroklios proeqtze bulgareTSi Dialogues, a Cultural Rainbow for the Future.
3 ixileT bmuli: http://www.euroclio.eu/joomla/index.php/component/option,-com_docman/Itemid,241/gid,173/task,cat_view/
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ropis TiTqmis yvela qveyanaSi cxovroben. es xalxi TiTqmis
arc erT istoriul saxelmZRvaneloSi Tu publikaciaSi araa
moxseniebuli. gamonakliss warmoadgens evroklios maswavle-
belTa resursebis wigni yoveldRiuri cxovrebis cvlileba da
uwyvetoba albaneTSi, bulgareTsa da makedoniaSi 1945-2000.1
TiToeul monawile qveyanas davalebuli hqonda warmoedgi-
na sakuTari samSoblos eTnikur jgufTa warmomadgenlobebi.
es Zalian faqizi sakiTxi iyo da mTavrobebs, gansakuTrebiT,
bulgareTisa, gauWirdaT konkretuli jgufisaTvis umcireso-
bis statusi mieniWebina. magram, sabolood, garda makedoniuri
dasaxlebisa bulgareTSi, yvela warmomadgenlobam ipova saku-
Tari adgili.
inkluziuri istoriuli ganaTleba gulisxmobs, imas, rom
erovnul doneze, evropasa Tu mis gareT, aucilebeli piro-
ba iyos multiperspeqtiuloba da mravalgvari narativi. es
midgoma mimarTulia imisaken, rom axalgazrdebma Seiswavlon
da gaiazron warsulis safuZvlebi; is gvTavazobs ufro ax-
los gavecnoT sxvadasxva, erTmaneTs dapirispirebul mxareebs,
gan sxvavebul rekonstruqciebs da alternatiul interpreta-
ciebs; igi exeba im daskvnebs, romlebic momavlisTvis unda
gamovitanoT Sesabamisi warsuli gamocdilebidan. cxadia, Cven
erTsa da imave warsul movlenaze SegviZlia gansxvavebuli
xedvebi CamovayaliboT.2 swored aq Semodis sityva „kompleq-
suroba“, radganac warsulis aRqma rTuli xdeba da efuZneba
mravalgzis narativs da interpretaciebs. Sesabamisad, isto-
riis swavleba Tavidan ver aicilebs paeqrobas da wyenas. am
yvelafers frTxilad da gabedulad unda mivudgeT, ar unda
uarvyoT an ugulvebelvyoT konkretuli faqtebi.
evropuli da ara mxolod evropuli gamocdileba cxadad
aCvenebs, Tu ramdenad rTulia es Temebi politikosebisa da
1 damatebiTi informaciisTvis ixileT http://www.euroclio.eu/joomla/in-dex.php/Publications/Teaching-Materials/
2 evroklios meTodologiis Sesaxeb meti informacia SegiZliaT moi-
Zio