issn 0429-9345 a guide to the fao fisheries paper 441 · 441 issn 0429-9345. the designations...

111
A guide to the seaweed industry FAO FISHERIES TECHNICAL PAPER 441 ISSN 0429-9345

Upload: others

Post on 24-Jul-2020

3 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the

A guide to theseaweed industry

FAOFISHERIES

TECHNICALPAPER

441

ISSN 0429-9345

Page 2: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

ISBN 92-5-104958-0

All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed to the Chief, Publishing Management Service, Information Division, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy or by e-mail to [email protected]

© FAO 2003

The word “countries” appearing in the text refers to countries, territories and areas without distinction. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations nor of their affiliated organization(s). The mention or omission of specific companies, their products or brand names does not imply any endorsement or judgement by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Page 3: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 4: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 5: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 6: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 7: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 8: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 9: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 10: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 11: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 12: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 13: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 14: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 15: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 16: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 17: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 18: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 19: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 20: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 21: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 22: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 23: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 24: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 25: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 26: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 27: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 28: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 29: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 30: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 31: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 32: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 33: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 34: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 35: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 36: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 37: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 38: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 39: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 40: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 41: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 42: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 43: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 44: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 45: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 46: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 47: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 48: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 49: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 50: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 51: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 52: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 53: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 54: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 55: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 56: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 57: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 58: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 59: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 60: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 61: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 62: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 63: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 64: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 65: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 66: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 67: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 68: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 69: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 70: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 71: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 72: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 73: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 74: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 75: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 76: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 77: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 78: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 79: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 80: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 81: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 82: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 83: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 84: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 85: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 86: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 87: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 88: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 89: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 90: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 91: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 92: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 93: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 94: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 95: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 96: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 97: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 98: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 99: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 100: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 101: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 102: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 103: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 104: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 105: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 106: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 107: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 108: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 109: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 110: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the
Page 111: ISSN 0429-9345 A guide to the FAO FISHERIES PAPER 441 · 441 ISSN 0429-9345. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the

At pres ent, the total output of the world's s eaweed indus try amounts to around

US $6 billion, with more than 8 million tonnes of wet s eaweed us ed annually. S eaweeds

are widely us ed as food but are als o an important ingredient for the c os metic s

indus try. T hey als o s erve to produc e hydroc olloids (alginate, agar and c arrageenan),

whic h are us ed as thic kening and gelling agents . T his doc ument highlights the ris ing

importanc e of s eaweed farming and s hows how an es s ential As ian food has bec ome

popular in North and S outh Americ a as well as in E urope. T he report will be us eful

to thos e who wis h to know more about the s eaweed indus try, about the markets for

c ommerc ial s eaweeds and about the various s ourc es and methods of produc tion. It is

written with a minimum of tec hnic al language and is des igned to as s is t in making

dec is ions c onc erning s eaweeds and the s eaweed indus try.

9 7 8 9 2 5 1 0 4 9 5 8 7

TC/M/Y4765E/1/7.03/1700

ISBN 92-5-104958-0 ISSN 0429-9345