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Stainless Steel in Figures 2017

ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN FIGURES 2017- 2

Contents

History and Competition

Compound annual growth rate of world stainless melt shop production

Regional share of stainless steel production

Stainless steel production versus plastics production

Compound annual growth rate of major metals

Actual PerformanceStainless melt shop production

Stainless melt shop production by quarter

Stainless steel foreign trade

Apparent stainless steel use by region

Stainless melt shop production by region

Stainless melt shop production by grade

Stainless melt shop production by quarter

Potential

Stainless steel demand versus stainless steel consumption

Per capita direct and indirect use of stainless steel for selected countries.

GDP PPP per capita versus stainless steel use per capita.

Comparison of direct stainless steel use versus total stainless steel use

Stainless steel use per sector - 2016


Secretary-General’s Message

Dear Members

This is the sixth in what is now a regular series of Annual Statistical Publications, known as “Stainless Steel in Figures”. It is commonly and openly acknowledged that we have the most accurate and

reliable data in the stainless steel industry – and it is logical that this should be so. No-one knows our industry as well as our members and we are the focal point for the collection and analysis of the statistical data which forms the substance of this book. But this information only acquires a value if it is used. There is a wealth of data on our Extranet and our Website, with appropriate historical information. This book summarises what is available, but you are encouraged to make regular use of our database. If you do not have a password to gain access to our extranet, or if you have had one and cannot find it, please contact Jo ([email protected]) and she will send you fresh access details.

Following the successful introduction of statistical data from our colleagues in the raw materials’ associations in 2015, this has now become a regular feature. It has the advantage of providing readers with a ready reference source of all statistical information about stainless steel and its essential elements in one book.

We acknowledge and appreciate the efforts of our raw materials partners in the Team Stainless network for their assistance in providing their up-dated data for this book. We are grateful to the International Chrome Development Association (ICDA), the International Nickel Study Group (INSG) and the International Molybdenum Association (IMOA) all of whom continue to openly share their information with us.

We kindly remind readers that the raw materials data is confidential and is for the use of ISSF members and the members of the contributing associations only. That information should please not be re-published without the express permission of the associations and any re-publication must include the applicable source – ISSF, ICDA, INSG or IMOA. Of course, the stainless steel data belongs to you as members of the ISSF and you are welcome to use it as you wish.

If any of you have any comments or suggestions on how this book may be improved for future editions, or perhaps on other information which you would like us to include, please let me know.

John Rowe Secretary-General, International Stainless Steel Forum (ISSF)Brussels, May 2017

JOHN ROWESecretary-General

ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN FIGURES 2017- 4HISTORY AND COMPETITION

Figure 1 Compound annual growth rate of world stainless melt shop production (slab/ingot equivalent)

Compound annual growth: 5.86%

Mill

ion

met

ric

tonn

es (M

t)

1 Mt

45.8Mt(2015)

1950 2016


Figure 2 Regional share of stainless steel production

Americas6%

Other Asia(excluding China)

22%

China54%

Rest of World1%

EU-2716%

Americas11%

Other Asia(excluding China)

39%

China13%

Rest of World3%

EU-2734%

2005 2016


Figure 3 Stainless steel production versus plastics production.

Index: 1990 = 100

Stainless Steel

Plastics

6.9 Mt

41.5 Mt(2015)

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

1980 2015


Lead: 2.00%

Copper: 2.73%

Zinc: 2.25%

Aluminium: 3.80%

Carbon Steel: 2.31%

Stainless Steel: 5.40%

Average: 2.40%

Figure 4 Compound annual growth rate of major metals (%/year): 1980 - 2016

ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN FIGURES 2017- 8ACTUAL PERFORMANCE

Country/region 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Belgium 1,306 1,241 1,241 1,298 1,388

Belgium/Austria 1,607 1,672

Finland 998 1,003 1,078 1,080 1,216

Finland/Sweden/UK 2,215 2,327

France 276 300 285 300 323 291 287

Germany 1,509 1,502 1,313 1,091 864 459 414

Italy 1,583 1,602 1,696 1,556 1,457 1,452 1,421

Spain 844 807 844 855 945 979 1,002

Sweden 546 586 510 501 541

United Kingdom 279 330 294 257 295

Other EU 152 188 195 211 223 165 157

European Union 7,494 7,559 7,455 7,147 7,252 7,169 7,280

USA 2,201 2,074 1,977 2,030 2,389 2,346 2,481

Brazil 409 413 391 425 424 401 450

Americas 2,609 2,486 2,368 2,454 2,813 2,747 2,931

Japan 3,427 3,247 3,166 3,175 3,328 3,061 3,093

South Korea 2,048 2,157 2,167 2,143 2,038 2,231 2,276

Taiwan, China 1,514 1,203 1,107 1,067 1,108 1,109 1,263

China 11,256 14,091 16,087 18,984 21,692 21,562 24,938

India 2,022 2,163 2,834 2,891 2,858 3,060 3,324

Asia 20,267 22,861 25,361 28,260 31,025 31,024 34,894

South Africa 480 443 503 492 472 514 582

Russia 122 125 112 152 123 95 90

Ukraine 118 147 118 n/a n/a n/a n/a

World 31,090 33,621 35,917 38,506 41,686 41,548 45,778

Table 1 Stainless melt shop production (ingot/slab equivalent) in 1,000 metric tonnes. Note: A major correction of Chinese data in 2011 means data from 2011 onwards is not comparable with earlier years.


Western Europe/Africa

Central & Eastern Europe The Americas

Asia (excluding China) China World

Quarter 1

2015 2,007 64 768 2,366 5,015 10,220

2016 1,958 65 642 2,395 5,214 10,274

% change -2.4 0.7 -16.4 1.2 4.0 0.5

Quarter 2

2015 2,058 69 685 2,318 5,852 10,982

2016 2,047 61 722 2,447 6,551 11,827

% change -0.6 -10.6 5.3 5.5 11.9 7.7

First half

2015 4,065 133 1,453 4,684 10,867 21,202

2016 4,005 126 1,363 4,842 11,765 22,102

% change -1.5 -5.1 -6.2 3.4 8.3 4.2

Quarter 3

2015 1,673 65 693 2,392 5,371 10,195

2016 1,761 63 815 2,524 6,321 11,483

% change 5.3 -3.4 17.6 5.5 17.7 12.6

Quarter 4

2015 1,780 61 601 2,385 5,324 10,152

2016 1,939 58 753 2,590 6,852 12,193

% change 8.9 -4.8 25.2 8.6 28.7 20.1

Second half

2015 3,453 126 1,294 4,777 10,696 20,346

2016 3,700 121 1,568 5,115 13,172 23,676

% change 7.1 -4.1 21.2 7.1 23.2 16.4

Full year

2015 7,518 259 2,747 9,461 21,562 41,548

2016 7,705 247 2,931 9,957 24,938 45,778

% change 2.5 -4.6 6.7 5.2 15.7 10.2

Table 2 Stainless melt shop production (slab/ingot equivalent) by quarter in 1,000 metric tonnes: 2015 compared to 2016


Hot bars/wire rod7.9%

Semis long1.6%

Hot plate and sheet6.6%

Hot coils28.7%

Semis flat1.2%Cold bars/wire

6.8%

Cold rolled flat47.2%

Hot bars/wire rod8.2%

Semis long2.1%

Hot plate and sheet6.7%

Hot coils27.0%

Semis flat1.1%

Cold bars/wire7.2%

Cold rolled flat47.7%

Figure 5 Stainless steel foreign trade

2014 2016


2015 Destination

Africa Asia Eastern Europe

Latin America Middle East NAFTA Australia/

OceaniaWestern Europe Total

Africa 11.0 107.2 13.1 29.5 9.8 23.8 1.7 138.7 334.7

Asia 103.2 4,951.6 137.5 139.8 215.5 484.3 72.7 1,386.2 7,490.9

Eastern Europe 0.0 3.8 22.5 0.0 0.0 2.3 0.0 12.3 40.9

Latin America 2.8 25.7 2.6 41.2 4.3 15.7 0.4 36.6 129.3

Middle East* 0.0 3.2 0.0 0.0 n/a 4.1 0.6 1.1 9.0

NAFTA 0.7 81.6 0.2 32.9 2.6 659.0 0.8 133.5 911.3

Australia/Oceania 0.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.4 0.2 3.6

Western Europe 76.8 435.9 95.6 48.9 60.8 376.4 19.8 7,269.6 8,383.9

Total 194.6 5,611.4 271.4 292.4 293.0 1,566.2 96.3 8,978.3 17,303.6

Ori

gin

Ori

gin

Table 3 Foreign trade exports of stainless steel in 1,000 metric tonnes. Includes feedstock material for further processing. Note: *Indicated imports from that region

2016 Destination




Africa 10.6 147.6 29.4 37.7 18.9 19.2 1.2 157.9 422.5

Asia 115.7 5,611.8 191.2 141.0 221.8 449.7 71.6 1,584.6 8,387.4

Eastern Europe 0.0 4.3 23.9 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.0 15.2 45.3

Latin America 2.4 19.0 3.7 44.3 3.3 27.8 0.3 39.8 140.5

Middle East 0.1 6.3 0.0 0.0 50.2 0.7 0.0 1.7 59.0

NAFTA 0.9 74.6 0.1 22.7 2.7 724.5 1.4 90.8 917.8


Western Europe 72.9 433.4 95.7 39.0 52.9 356.0 16.9 7,467.1 8,533.8

Total 202.6 6,299.1 344.1 284.7 349.9 1,580.1 92.8 9,357.6 18,510.9


2015 Destination




Africa 0.0 14.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.3 1.5 16.5

Asia 1.2 647.5 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.0 21.1 670.5

Eastern Europe 0.0 3.5 0.3 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 84.3 89.3

Latin America 0.0 30.2 0.0 0.4 0.0 2.6 0.0 35.5 68.9

Middle East* 0.0 80.4 0.0 0.0 n/a 0.0 0.0 11.4 91.8

NAFTA 0.0 524.6 0.0 1.9 1.1 209.2 0.1 64.8 801.7


Western Europe 0.6 365.8 1.5 0.1 1.2 0.9 0.0 3,172.5 3,542.5

Total 1.8 1,716.0 1.8 3.7 3.3 213.0 0.5 3,392.8 5,332.9

Ori

gin

2016 Destination




Africa 0.0 7.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 6.1 13.3

Asia 1.8 744.7 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.0 16.6 763.8

Eastern Europe 0.0 5.8 1.5 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 97.9 105.5

Latin America 0.0 24.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 35.3 60.5

Middle East* 0.0 87.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.8 98.1

NAFTA 0.1 515.8 0.0 1.4 0.8 452.2 0.1 30.9 1,001.3


Western Europe 0.0 318.9 5.7 0.0 1.7 1.8 0.1 2,917.2 3,245.4

Total 1.9 1,766.7 7.2 1.9 2.9 455.6 0.5 3,117.3 5,353.9

Ori

gin

Table 4 Foreign trade exports of stainless steel scrap in 1,000 metric tonnes. Includes feedstock material for further processing. Note: *Indicated imports from that region


Figure 6 Apparent stainless steel use by region.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

20162015201420132012201120102009200820072006

Western Europe Central/Eastern Europe Americas Asia excluding China China Others


Figure 7 Stainless melt shop production (slab/ingot equivalent) by region in 1,000 metric tonnes

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

20162015201420132012201120102009200820072006

Maj

or c

orre

ctio

n of

Chi

nese

dat

a fo

r 20

11, n

ot c

ompa

rabl

e w

ith p

revi

ous

year

s

Western Europe Central/Eastern Europe Americas Asia excluding China China

28.706 28.146

26.21824.904

31.094

33.62135.917

38.506

41.686 41.548

45.778


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2016Q4Q3Q2Q12015201420132012201120102009200820072006

Maj

or c

orre

ctio

n of

Chi

nese

dat

a fo

r 20

11, n

ot c

ompa

rabl

e w

ith p

revi

ous

year

s

CrNi grades (300-series) Other/not knownCr grades (400 series)CrMn grades (200 series)

Figure 8 Stainless meltshop production (slab/ingot equivalent) by grade.


1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

10,000

11,000

12,000

13,000

20162015201420132012201120102009200820072006

Maj

or c

orre

ctio

n of

Chi

nese

dat

a fo

r 20

11, n

ot c

ompa

rabl

e w

ith p

revi

ous

year

s

Quarter 1 Quarter 4Quarter 3Quarter 2

Figure 9 Stainless meltshop production (slab/ingot equivalent) by quarter in 1,000 metric tonnes

ISSF STAINLESS STEEL IN FIGURES 2017- 17POTENTIAL

Figure 10 Stainless steel demand versus stainless steel consumption

Stainless steel consumption (000t) Stainless steel demand index (2010=100)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

40

60

80

100

120

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

70

110

150

190

230

2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 201620102006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 20162010

Europe/Africa Americas




Asia China

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

5500

0

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 20162010 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 20162010




World

0

1050

2100

3150

4200

5250

6300

7350

8400

9450

10500

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 20162010


Figure 13 Per capita direct and indirect use of stainless steel (kg/capita) for selected countries. Source: IMF, Yale

2005 2010

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Indo

nesia

Indi

a

Brazil

Mex

ico

Russia

Turk

ey

China

South

Afri

ca

Thail

and

UK

Fran

ce

Austra

lia

USA

Spain

Germ

any

Sweden

Italy

Japa

n

Korea

Taiw

an, C

hina


Figure 14 GDP PPP per capita versus stainless steel use per capita. Source: IMF, ISSF, Yale.

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

US$5000

US$10000

US$15000

US$20000

US$25000

US$30000

US$35000

US$40000

US$45000

US$50000

US$55000

US$60000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

US$5000

US$10000

US$15000

US$20000

US$25000

US$30000

US$35000

US$40000

US$45000

US$50000

US$55000

US$60000

USA

Australia

GermanyTaiwan, China

Korea

Japan

France

Spain

Russia

MexicoTurkey

Brazil Thailand

South AfricaChina

Indonesia

India

Italy

UK

USA

Australia

Germany Taiwan, China

Korea

JapanFrance

Spain

RussiaMexico

TurkeyBrazil

ThailandSouth Africa

China

IndonesiaIndia

Italy

UK

2010 2014


5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

BrazilChina

France

Germany

IndiaIta

lyJapan

Korea

Mexico

Russia

South Africa

Spain

Taiw

an, China

UKUSA

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

BrazilChina

France

Germany

IndiaIta

lyJapan

Korea

Mexico

Russia

South Africa

Spain

Taiw

an, China

UKUSA

Total use Total use

Direct use Direct use

2005 2010

Figure 15 Comparison of direct stainless steel use (mill products) versus total stainless steel use (plus trade balance of stainless containing goods). Source: IMF, Yale, Vale Inco


Figure 16 Stainless steel use per sector - 2016

Construction 12.2%

Metal products37.8%

Motor vehicles in developing countries

5.1%

Motor vehicles in developed countries

19.0%

Electrical machinery

7.7%

Motor vehicles and parts

9.6%

Mechanical engineering

27.8%

Other transport4.9%


Data sources

Unless otherwise indicated, all data in this booklet has been provided by the International Stainless Steel Forum (ISSF).

Data has also been provided by:1. International Monetary Fund (IMF)

2. Vale Inco

3. Yale University: School of Forestry and Environmental Studies (Reck et al.)


About ISSFThe International Stainless Steel Forum (ISSF) is a non-profit research and development organisation which was founded in 1996 and which serves as the focal point for the international stainless steel industry.

Who are the members?

ISSF has two categories of membership: company members and affiliated members. Company members are producers of stainless steel (integrated mills and rerollers). The association has 56 members from all over the world and currently represents approximately 90% of the total production of stainless steel.

Vision

Stainless steel provides sustainable solutions for everyday life.

More informationFor more information about ISSF, please consult our website worldstainless.org.

For more information about stainless steel and sustainability, please consult the sustainablestainless.org website.

Contact [email protected]

+32 2 702 89 00

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DisclaimerThe International Stainless Steel Forum believes that the information presented is technically correct. However, ISSF, its members, staff and consultants specifically disclaim any and all liability or responsi-bility of any kind for loss, damage, or injury resulting from the use of the information contained in this brochure.

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