Isopropyl Alcohol, C3H7OH

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Scientific Notation

A shorthand way to write numbers that are very, very, very small or very, very, very large

A number times a multiplier of 10

Example:67300000000000000000000000000000000Scientific Notation:6.73 x 1034

Scientific Notation Continued

Example 2:0.00000000000000000000000934

Scientific Notation9.34 x 10-24

Now you try…

1) 0.00000008738.73 x 10-8

2) 6450000000000006.45 x 1014

3) 0.00000000000000000000787.8 x10-21

Combining the Scientific Method and Sig Figs

Round the following number to 3 sig figs and put in scientific notation:

1)0.00003454 Ans: 3.45 x 10-5

2) 345600Ans: 3.46 x 105

3) 121500.0Ans: 1.22 x 105

Three States of Matter

Solid

Liquid

Gas

State Description Shape Volume Sketch

Solids

- Particles vibrate in place

- have a definite shape

- have a definite volume

StateState DescriptioDescriptionn

ShapeShape VolumeVolume SketchSketch

LiquiLiquidsds

particles particles are loosely are loosely arranged arranged and slide and slide past each past each

otherother

NO NO definite definite shapeshape

have a have a definite definite volumevolume

StateState DescriptionDescription ShapeShape VolumeVolume SketchSketch

GasGaseses

particles particles move move

independentlindependently of each y of each

otherother

NO definite NO definite shapeshape

NO definite NO definite

volumevolume

Kinetic Theory of Matter

All particles are in constant motion: The faster the particles move, as more heat is added

to the substance. The slower the particles move the less heat the

substance will have.

Add Heat

The opposite is true too: When heat is removed particles get slower and move

closer together

Remove Heat

A fourth state of Matter?

Plasma:When matter is heated to very high

temperaturesDisassociated matter lots of electrons

floating around and “naked nuclei”Strongly influenced by electrical and

magnetic fieldsExamples: aurora borealis, lightning, Corona

around the sun

A fifth state of matter?

Bose-Einstein CondensateDiscovered in 1995At Temperatures of 19 KIndividual atoms all are at the same energy

levelUndistinguishable from each other super

atom

What does this mean for technology?

highly miniaturized microchipsmore accurate guidance systems for aircraft

and spacecraft a possible atom laser more accurate

atomic clocks.

How cold is 19 K?

SI Temperature

Dump ˚F Get used to using ˚Celsius and KelvinAt 0 ˚C, water freezesAt 100 ˚C, water boilsK = ˚C + 273 0 K = Absolute Zero˚C = 0.56(˚F-32); or ˚F = 1.8(˚C ) + 32

The 3 Temperature Scales

How cold is 19 K?

19 K = C + 27319 K – 273 = C-254 C

Brrrrrrr!!!!!!!