isolde workshop and users meeting

ISOLDE Workshop and Users Meeting, 12 – 14 February 2007 H.-Jürgen Kluge 1

H.-Jürgen Kluge GSI Darmstadt and University of Heidelberg

Atomic Physics Goes Online:the Role of ISOLDE in the Pastand

in the Future

ISOLDE Workshop and Users Meeting


A View of our Friends Across the Atlantic

December 2006


NRC: “Major Events in the History of Rare-Isotope Science”

Achievements in PhysicsApplicationsDevelopment of Techniques and Facilities


NRC: “Major Events in the History of ISOLDE”

Achievements in PhysicsApplicationsDevelopment of Techniques and Facilities

I would add the following milestones for important achievements by atomic physics techniques:- on-line laser experiments (Hg isotopes, alkali elements)- on-line high-accuracy mass measurements (alkali elements)- on- line ABMR (atomic beam magnetic resonance) experiments (alkali elements) - atomic energy levels of francium- ground state properties of the halo nucleus 11Li (mass, spin, moments, charge radius)- beam accumulation, cooling and bunching in a segmented gas-filled Paul trap- absolute mass measurements with the carbon cluster comb


Atomic Physics Techniques for Nuclear Physics

Nuclear Ground state Properties - laser spectroscopy Maxim Seliverstov, D.T. Yordanov, Kieran Flanagan

- mass spectrometry Chabouh Yazidjian

Ion Beam Manipulation - ionization & charge breeding Mariano Menna, Melanie Marie-Anne

- accumulation, cooling and bunching Ernesto Mane

- polarization Bradley Cheal

- in and post-trap decay Jyväskylä

Fundamental Interactions & Symmetries - weak interaction experiments Valentin Kozlov, Bertram Blank

The Ultimate Goals: ultra-fast (millisecond)

ultra-resolving (hyperfine splitting, ground and isomeric state) ultra-accurate (statistical error only)

ultra-sensitive (one-ion experiment)


Nuclear Ground State Properties by Atomic Physics Techniques

* MASS nuclear binding energy

* NUCLEAR HALF-LIFE decay rates

* HYPERFINE STRUCTURE1. Hyperfine Interaction

J + = F nuclear spin 2. Magnetic Dipole HFS

A = <H(0)>/I J nuclear magnetic moment

3. Electric Quadrupole HFS B = e0 Qs <zz(0)> spectroscopic quadrupole moment

* ISOTOPE SHIFT Finite Size Effect <r2>A,A´ change of ms charge radius


40 45 50 55 60 65

10

15

20

25

N (Z = 37)

S2n

(MeV

)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

<r2> (fm

2)

180 185 190 195 200 205

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4 ISOLTRAP data

n ground state

N (80

Hg)125115 120110105100

<r2> ground state

<r2> isomeric state

(J. Bonn et al., 1972)

<r2 >

(fm2 )

A (80

Hg)

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

n (M

eV)

Rb Hg

D. Lunney et al. Rev. Mod. Phys. 75 (2003) 1021

Is the mass more sensitive to nuclear structure effects than the information obtained by optical techniques (spin, moments, charge radii)?

Examples : Charge radii of Rb and Hg isotopes versus mass information

Is the mass more sensitive to nuclear structure effects than the information obtained by optical techniques (spin, moments, charge radii)?

Examples : Charge radii of Rb and Hg isotopes versus mass information

Comparison: Charge Radii – Nuclear Binding Energies


11LiLifetime 8 ms30,000 Atoms/s Novel technique developed at GSI by Wilfried Nörtershäuser, Andreas Dax et al.

8,9Li at GSI11Li at TRIUMF

Relative Accuracy better than 10-5 in IS measurement and mass shift calculation required.

Mass shift calculation by G. Drake, Z.-C. Yan, K. Pachucki et al.

11LiLifetime 8 ms30,000 Atoms/s Novel technique developed at GSI by Wilfried Nörtershäuser, Andreas Dax et al.

8,9Li at GSI11Li at TRIUMF

Relative Accuracy better than 10-5 in IS measurement and mass shift calculation required.

Mass shift calculation by G. Drake, Z.-C. Yan, K. Pachucki et al.

Doppler-Free Resonance Ionization Mass Spectroscopy of Lithium


R. Sánchez et al., PRL 96, 033002 (2006)Nature Physics 2, 145 (2006)M. Puchalski et al., PRL 97, 133001 (2006)

R. Sánchez et al., PRL 96, 033002 (2006)Nature Physics 2, 145 (2006)M. Puchalski et al., PRL 97, 133001 (2006)

Nuclear Charge Radii of Lithium Isotopes

6 7 8 9 10 11

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7 Pachucki LBSM SVMC DCM AV18IL2 NCSM FMD SVMCFC

rc (

fm)

Li Isotope

6360 6370 6380 6710 6720 67300

50

100

150

200

250

300

Cts

/ 22

0 s

Beat Frequency (MHz)

11Li

15-10-04-012 to 15-10-04-033


Collinear Spectroscopy of 33Mg with β - Asymmetry Detection

33Mg: determination of a negative parity intruder ground state via nuclear

moments

D. T. Yordanov, M. Kowalska, K. Blaum, M. De Rydt,

K. Flanagan, P. Lievens, R. Neugart, W. Nörtershäuser, H. H. Stroke, and G. Neyens

The measured spin and magnetic moment are respectively I = 3/2 and µ = −0.7456(5)µn. The latter was found to have a negative sign, requiring a large 2p2h intruder component of the ground state wavefunction and correspondingly a negative parity.The result is consistent with a large prolate deformation, based on the 3/2 [321] Nilsson orbital.


A 20,000 fold Improvement in the Signal-to-Noise Ratio

40 kV

Ion beam cooler

Light collection region

(Laser resonance fluorescence)

Now: Application to isotopes of refractory elements: Zr, Y, Hf,.... at Jyväskylä


M. Seliverstov, A. Andreyev, N. Barré, H. De Witte, D. Fedorov, V. Fedoseyev, S. Franchoo, J. Genevey, G. Huber, M. Huyse, U. Köster, P. Kunz, S. Lesher, B. Marsh, B. Roussière, J. Sauvage, P. Van Duppen, Yu. Volkov

Laser Spectroscopy of 182-190Pb by Resonance Ionization in the Laser Ion Source


Fighting Isobaric Contamination with LIST(Laser Ion Source Trap)

Electron Repeller

Ion Repeller

Z

Release

10 mmEnd Plate

Laser Ions

Surface Ions

UDC

Atomizer

Electrons

Laser Beams Atoms Ions

SwitchableElectrodes

RFQ Segments

Accumulate

Buffer Gas

K. Blaum et al., NIM 2003


Ionization of Gallium Atoms in the LIST

K. Brück, C. Geppert, F. Schwellnus, K. Wies, K. Wendt

First off-line demonstration at Mainz

(Klaus Wendt et al., )

Development going on at Mainz, Jyväskylä and

TRIUMF

Efficient and highly selective ionization

Suppression of isobars

DC and bunched beams with low emittance

Polarized radioactive ion beams by optical

pumping

First off-line demonstration at Mainz

(Klaus Wendt et al., )

Development going on at Mainz, Jyväskylä and

TRIUMF

Efficient and highly selective ionization

Suppression of isobars

DC and bunched beams with low emittance

Polarized radioactive ion beams by optical

pumping

Integrated 65514 Ion-pulses

FWHM < 7 µs

0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200

0

2500

5000

7500

10000

12500

15000

17500

20000

Ions

Accumulation –no cooling:

100 laser shots

Accumulation and cooling:

100 laser shotsefficiency ~ 10 %

No accumulation -no cooling:

ions from individuallaser shots every 100 s


Summary 1: Laser Spectroscopy at RIB Facilities

ISOL facilities are ideally suited for laser spectroscopy of radioactive beams.

ISOLDE has pioneered most on-line laser spectroscopic techniques.

TRENDS:

Investigation of isotopes of light elements or simple systems(H, Anti-H), He, Li, Be+, ...... Ne, Na, Mg, ...... U91+

Towards isobarically clean beamsHigh-Resolution mass Separator, laser ion source trap (LIST)

Towards higher sensitivitycooled, stored and bunched beams, spectroscopy in the laser ion source (trap), magneto-optical trap (6He, 8He, Lu & Mueller et al.)

Towards higher resolutioncooled and stored beams, magneto-optical trap

Towards isotopes of refractory elementsIGISOL, in-flight (fragmentation) facilities with a gas cell (LASPEC)


General General PhysicsPhysics

fundam. constantstest of CPT

m/m 1·10-10

General General PhysicsPhysics

fundam. constantstest of CPT

m/m 1·10-10

AtomicAtomicPhysicsPhysics

binding energy,QED in HCI

m/m 1·10-9

AtomicAtomicPhysicsPhysics

binding energy,QED in HCI

m/m 1·10-9

WeakWeakInteractionsInteractionssymmetry tests,CVC hypothesis

m/m < 3·10-8

WeakWeakInteractionsInteractionssymmetry tests,CVC hypothesis

m/m < 3·10-8

AstroAstro--physicsphysics

nuclear synthesis,r-, rp-process m/m < 1·10-7

AstroAstro--physicsphysics

nuclear synthesis,r-, rp-process m/m < 1·10-7

NuclearNuclearPhysicsPhysics

mass formula, models, halo

m/m 1·10-7

NuclearNuclearPhysicsPhysics

mass formula, models, halo

m/m 1·10-7

PhysicsPhysics &&ChemistryChemistry

basic informationrequired

m/m 1·10-5

PhysicsPhysics &&ChemistryChemistry

basic informationrequired

m/m 1·10-5

Weighingatomicmasses

The Importance of Atomic Masses


Penning Traps and Storage Rings at Accelerators for Nuclear Physics

TRIUMF

Argonne MSU

Jyväskylä

GSI

Stockholm

LBL

ESRSHIPTRAP

HITRAPFAIR

ISOLTRAPREXTRAPATHENAATRAPWITCH

JYFL TRAP

SMILETRAP

CPT

LEBIT

RETRAP

TITAN

MAFF TRAP

MunichMunich CERN RIKEN TRAP

operating facilities facilities under construction or test planned facilities

operating facilities facilities under construction or test planned facilities

Lanzhou SR

● RIKEN

Lanzhou


Penning Traps for Mass Spectrometry at Accelerators – World-Wide

Type ofreaction or facility

ISOL-TRAPCERN

CPT

Argo.

SHIP-TRAPGSI

JYFL-TRAPJyvä.

LEBIT

MSU

MAFF-TRAP

Munich

TITAN

TRIUMF

SMILE-TRAPMSL

HITRAP

GSI

ISOL x x

fusion x x

IGISOL x

fragmen-tation

x x

fission by neutrons

x

highly-charged

ions

x x x x

stable isotopes

x x

operating facilities facilities under planned facilities construction or test


compiled by Dave Lunney – published data until January 2007

Accuracy of Mass Measurements versus Exoticism


ISOLTRAP: Mg-22, Ar-34, Ca-38, Rb-74F. Herfurth et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 15, 17 (2002)A. Kellerbauer et al., Phys. Rev. Lett.93, 072502 (2004)M. Mukherjee et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 150801 (2004)S. George et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2006 (submitted)

An accuracy of the Q-value by some few 100 eV is reached by mass measurements.

In addition required:

Half lifeBranching ratio

Mass Measurements for CVC Hypothesis

JVL-TRAP: Al-26m, Sc-42, Ga-62T. Eronen et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 (2006) 232501T. Eronen et al., Phys. Lett. B 636 (2006) 191; B. Hyland et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 97(2006) 102501

CPT: Mg-22, V-46G. Savard et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 102501 (2005)Phys. Rec. C 70, 042501(R) (2004)

22Mg

74Rb

[I.S. Towner & J .C. Hardy, Phys. Rev. C 71, 055501 (2005)]

34Ar

Limit from QEC(38Ca)

62GaJYFLTRAP

LEBIT38Ca

CPT46V

22Mg

74Rb

[I.S. Towner & J .C. Hardy, Phys. Rev. C 71, 055501 (2005)]

34Ar


62GaJYFLTRAP

LEBIT38Ca

CPT46V


62GaJYFLTRAP

LEBIT38Ca

CPT46V

●●

●

LEBIT: Ca-38G. Bollen et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 (2006) 152501


Summary 2: Mass Spectrometry at RIB Facilities

ISOLDE has pioneered non-nuclear mass measurements for ISOL facilities(Mattauch-Herzog, RF-Smith (MISTRAL), Penning trap (ISOLTRAP).

Presently, high-accuracy mass measurements (m/m ≤ 10-8) are only possible by use of Penning traps.

TRENDS:

Towards isobarically clean beamsHigh-Resolution mass Separator, laser ion source trap (LIST)

Towards single-ion sensitivitynon-destructive ion detection (FT-ICR), single-ion detection for RIB

Towards higher resolving power and isomer separationhigher charge states, higher magnetic field

Towards shorter-lived nuclideshigher intensities, higher charge states, higher efficiencies, higher mag. field

Towards extreme accuracyhigher charge states, higher and more stable magnetic field, carbon cluster


H.-J. Kluge, W. NörtershäuserSpectrochimica Acta 2003

K. Blaum, Phys. Rep. 425 (2006) 1

Optical s

pectroscopy

Mass spectrometry

Conclusion

Atomic physics techniques have

contributed in the past very vitally to

the present understanding of nuclear

systems. Their model independence,

accuracy and sensitivity as well as new

techniques for ionization and

manipulation of radioactive ion beams

will also be essential in the future at

ISOLDE and other radioactive-beam

facilities.

A Final Conclusion: It is easier, of course cheaper

(and much more fun)

to improve the performance

(efficiency, SNR, resolution, accuracy, ...)

of a method or technique hundred-fold

than to in increase the yield of radioactive

beams by two orders of magnitude.

Of course, if possible, you should do both.


NRC: “Timeline for Global Development of Dedicated Rare-Isotope Beam Facilities”


NRC: “Projected Major Facilities for Rare-Isotope Beams”

Where is the RIB facility of Lanzhou?What is the role of ISOLDE in the future?


H.-J. Kluge. W. NörtershäuserSpectrochimica Acta 2003

Laser Spectroscopy in Long Isotopic Chains

170-178Hf161-179Lu

200-210Po

101-110Ag

2 8

20

28

82

126

152

20

82

6-11Li

20-31Na

36-47K

39-50Ca

72-96Kr

76-98Rb

77-100Sr

102-120Cd

104-127In

108-132Sn

116-146Xe

118-146Cs

132-150Nd

138-154Sm

138-159Eu

146-165Dy

151-165Ho

150-167Er153-172Tm

153-176Yb

178-198Pt

183-197Au

181-206Hg

185-214Pb

202-213Bi

207-228Fr

208-232Ra

2

8

187-208Tl

202-225Rn

32-40,46Ar

11Be

17-28Ne

182-193Ir

240-244Am

227Ac232Th

235-238U

237Np

238-244Pu

249Cf249Bk

254Es

248Cm

68-70Cu 5044,45Ti

28

50

147-159Tb

120-148Ba

255Fm

146-160Gd

87-102Zr

6He

not accessible at usual ISOL facilities not accessible at usual ISOL facilities

mainly determined at ISOL facilitiesmainly determined at ISOL facilities

refractory elements: IGISOL refractory elements: IGISOL or in-flight separationor in-flight separation

Such measurements fix single-particleas well as collective nuclear properties

in a model-independent way

Such measurements fix single-particleas well as collective nuclear properties

in a model-independent way

isolde workshop and users meeting

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