ISO

ISOQuality circleCompletely voluntary group of 6 to 8 workers of a shop who meet regularly during company time once every fortnight or every month under the leadership of a trained foreman or section head to examine work related problemsWhich affect quality of outputTo recommend to the management possible solutions to the problems Basic idea behind QC :-Display human capability fully and eventually draw out infinite possibilitiesContribute to improvement and development of enterpriseMakes workplace meaningfulParticipativeInvolve task performanceImprove mutual trust between management and employeesParticipative cultureImprove quality of organizationSteps in Quality CircleIdentification of problemsSelection of problemAnalyzing the problemGenerate alternative solutionsSelection of best solutionPrepare plan of actionPresentation of solution to managementImplementationISO Quality CertificationInternational Organization for StandardizationLocated in Geneva, SwitzerlandISO-group of non government national agencies which aims to develop international standards for both business and governmentThese international standards act as a guide for trade between different countriesComprises national standardsSpecialized international agency for standardizationComprises national standard bodies of 91 countriesIt provides detailed list, technological base, best management and administrative practicesEnsure that all products, outputs and procedures decrease environmental impactEmphasizes on efficient management processesCutting down risks Ensure high quality Types of ISO certificationsISO 9000

ISO 14000ISO 9000Set of five world wide standardsEstablish requirements for management of qualityFor QUALITY ManagementUniversal framework for quality assuranceISO 9000Provide definitions & concepts, how to select standards for businessISO 9001Quality assurance in design, development, production, installation & servicingISO 9002Quality assurance in production & installationISO 9003Quality assurance in test & inspectionISO 9004Quality management in all industriesISO 14000Consists of series of documentsUsed by all types & sizes of organizationsEach facility should have its own environmental management system to comply with local environmental laws and regulations and with selected ISO standardsObjectives of ISO 9000To facilitate international trade of goods & servicesGlobal visibilityNational / International reputationReduction of rejectsObtain competitiveness in a cost effective waySIX SIGMA

SIX SIGMAIt is a quality system based on measurements of how well an organization meets customer requirementsWidely practiced leadership framework and management methodologyQuality improvement programme Goal to reduce number of defects to as low as 3.4 parts per million(ppm)Use Normal distribution to predict defective ratesBenchmark of excellence for product and process qualityProduct is of six sigma quality if there are no more than 3.4 non-conformities per million opportunities at the part and process step levelTo gain competitive advantage(product quality improves and cost goes down)Helps organization to become customer focused and quality orientedSigma means standard deviationUsed to designate the distribution or spread of any process about the mean or averageSigma value indicates how well the process is performingHigher the sigma value better is the processSigma measures capability of process to perform defect free workQuality Level% QualityDPMO(Defects Per Million Opportunities)3 sigma99.73680004 sigma99.997362105 sigma99.9999432336 sigma99.99999983.4