iso 5817 welding fusion steel joints

Reference numberISO 5817:2003(E)

© ISO 2003

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD

ISO5817

Second edition2003-10-01

Welding — Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded) — Quality levels for imperfections

Soudage — Assemblages en acier, nickel, titane et leurs alliages soudés par fusion (soudage par faisceau exclu) — Niveaux de qualité par rapport aux défauts

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ISO 5817:2003(E)

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ii © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved


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ISO 5817:2003(E)

© ISO 2003 — All rights reserved iii

Contents Page

Foreword............................................................................................................................................................ iv Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ v 1 Scope...................................................................................................................................................... 1 2 Normative references ........................................................................................................................... 2 3 Terms and definitions........................................................................................................................... 2 4 Symbols ................................................................................................................................................. 3 5 Assessment of imperfections.............................................................................................................. 4 Annex A (informative) Examples for determination of percentage imperfections .................................... 22 Annex B (informative) Additional information and guidelines for use of this International Standard .... 25 Bibliography ..................................................................................................................................................... 26


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ISO 5817:2003(E)

iv © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

ISO 5817 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee SC 10, Unification of requirements in the field of metal welding.

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 5817:1992), which has been technically revised.


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ISO 5817:2003(E)

© ISO 2003 — All rights reserved v

Introduction

This International Standard should be used as a reference in the drafting of application codes and/or other application standards. It contains a simplified selection of fusion weld imperfections based on the designations given in ISO 6520-1.

Some of the imperfections described in ISO 6520-1 have been used directly and some have been grouped together. The basic numerical referencing system from ISO 6520-1 has been used.

The purpose of this International Standard is to define dimensions of typical imperfections which might be expected in normal fabrication. It may be used within a quality system for the production of factory-welded joints. It provides three sets of dimensional values from which a selection can be made for a particular application. The quality level necessary in each case should be defined by the application standard or the responsible designer in conjunction with the manufacturer, user and/or other parties concerned. The level shall be prescribed before the start of production, preferably at the enquiry or order stage. For special purposes, additional details may be prescribed.

The quality levels given in this International Standard provide basic reference data and are not specifically related to any particular application. They refer to the types of welded joint in a fabricated structure and not to the complete product or component itself. It is possible, therefore, that different quality levels be applied to individual welded joints in the same product or component.

It would normally be expected that for a particular welded joint the dimensional limits for imperfections could all be covered by specifying one quality level. In some cases, it may be necessary to specify different quality levels for different imperfections in the same welded joint.

The choice of quality level for any application should take account of design considerations, subsequent processing (e.g. surfacing), mode of stressing (e.g. static, dynamic), service conditions (e.g. temperature, environment) and consequences of failure. Economic factors are also important and should include not only the cost of welding but also of inspection, test and repair.

Although this International Standard includes types of imperfection relevant to the fusion welding processes listed in Clause 1, only those which are applicable to the process and application in question need to be considered.

Imperfections are quoted in terms of their actual dimensions, and their detection and evaluation may require the use of one or more methods of non-destructive testing. The detection and sizing of imperfections is dependent on the inspection methods and the extent of testing specified in the application standard or contract.

The need for detecting imperfections is not subject of this International Standard. However, ISO 17635 contains a correlation between the quality level and acceptance level for different NDT methods.

This International Standard is directly applicable to visual testing of welds and does not include details of recommended methods of detection or sizing by non-destructive means. It should be considered that there are difficulties in using these limits to establish appropriate criteria applicable to non-destructive testing methods such as ultrasonic, radiographic, eddy current, penetrate, magnetic particle testing and may need to be supplemented by requirements for inspection, examining and testing.

The values for imperfections take into consideration normal welding practice. Higher specifications require additional manufacturing processes, e.g. grinding or welding under stringent laboratory conditions or special welding processes.

Requests for official interpretations of any aspect of this International Standard should be directed to the Secretariat of ISO/TC 44/SC 10 via your national standards body. For a complete listing consult www.iso.org.


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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5817:2003(E)

© ISO 2003 — All rights reserved 1

Welding — Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded) — Quality levels for imperfections

1 Scope

This International Standard provides quality levels of imperfections in fusion-welded joints (except for beam welding) in all types of steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys. It applies to material thickness above 0,5 mm.

Quality levels for beam welded joints in steel are presented in ISO 13919-1.

Three quality levels are given in order to permit application to a wide range of welded fabrication. They are designated by symbols B, C and D. Quality level B corresponds to the highest requirement on the finished weld. The quality levels refer to production quality and not to the fitness-for-purpose (see 3.2) of the product manufactured.

This International Standard applies to:

unalloyed and alloy steels;

nickel and nickel alloys;

titanium and titanium alloys;

manual, mechanized and automatic welding;

all welding positions;

all types of welds, e.g. butt welds, fillet welds and branch connections;

the following welding processes and their defined sub-processes in accordance with ISO 4063:

11 metal-arc welding without gas protection;

12 submerged-arc welding;

13 gas-shielded metal-arc welding;

14 gas-shielded welding with non-consumable electrodes;

15 plasma arc welding;

31 oxy-fuel gas welding (for steel only).

Metallurgical aspects, e.g. grain size, hardness, are not covered by this International Standard.


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ISO 5817:2003(E)

2 © ISO 2003 — All rights reserved

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 2553:1992, Welded, brazed and soldered joints — Symbolic representation on drawings

ISO 4063:1998, Welding and allied processes — Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers

ISO 6520-1:1998, Welding and allied processes — Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials — Part 1: Fusion welding

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

3.1 quality level description of the quality of a weld on the basis of type and size of selected imperfections

3.2 fitness-for-purpose ability of a product, process or service to serve a defined purpose under specific conditions

3.3 short imperfections one or more imperfections of total length not greater than 25 mm in any 100 mm length of the weld or a maximum of 25 % of the weld length for a weld shorter than 100 mm, the range with most imperfections being applicable

3.4 systematic imperfection imperfections that are distributed at regular distances in the weld over the weld lengths to be examined, the sizes of the single imperfections being within the limits of the imperfections given in Table 1

3.5 projected area area where imperfections distributed along the volume of the weld under consideration are imaged two-dimensionally

In contrast to the surface crack area the occurrence of imperfections is dependent on the weld thickness when exposed radiographically (see Figure 1).

3.6 cross-section area area to be considered after fracture or sectioning


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ISO 5817:2003(E)


Key 1 X-ray 3 6-fold thickness 5 2-fold thickness 2 4 pores per volume unit 4 3-fold thickness 6 1-fold thickness

Figure 1 — Radiographic films of specimens with identical occurrence of pores per volume unit

4 Symbols

The following symbols are used in Table 1.

a nominal throat thickness of the fillet weld (see also ISO 2553)

b width of weld reinforcement

d diameter of pore

h height or width of imperfection

l length of imperfection in longitudinal direction of the weld

lp length of projected or cross-section area

s nominal butt weld thickness (see also ISO 2553)

t wall or plate thickness (nominal size)

wp width of the weld or width or height in case of fracture area

z leg length of a fillet weld (see also ISO 2553)

α angle of weld toe

β angle of angular misalignment


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ISO 5817:2003(E)


5 Assessment of imperfections

Limits for imperfections are given in Table 1. These limits apply to the finished weld and may also be applied to an intermediate stage of fabrication.

If, for the detection of imperfections, a method other than macro examination is used, only those imperfections shall be considered which can be detected using a magnification equal to or less than tenfold.

Excluded herefrom are cold laps (see Table 1, 1.5) and microcracks (see Table 1, 2.2).

Systematic imperfections are only permitted in quality level D, provided other requirements of Table 1 are fulfilled.

A welded joint shall normally be assessed separately for each individual type of imperfection.

Different types of imperfection, occurring at any cross-section of the joint, which weaken the cross section may need special consideration (see multiple imperfections).

The limits for multiple imperfections (see Table 1) are only applicable for cases where the requirements for a single imperfection are not exceeded.

Any two adjacent imperfections separated by a distance smaller than the major dimension of the smaller imperfection shall be considered as a single imperfection.


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ISO 5817:2003(E)


Tabl

e 1

— L

imits

for i

mpe

rfec

tions

Lim

its fo

r im

perfe

ctio

ns fo

r qua

lity

leve

ls

No.

IS

O

6520

-1

refe

renc

e

Impe

rfec

tion

desi

gnat

ion

Rem

arks

t

mm

D

C

B

1 S

urfa

ce im

perf

ectio

ns

1.1

100

Cra

ck

—

W 0

,5

Not

per

mitt

ed

Not

per

mitt

ed

Not

per

mitt

ed

1.2

104

Cra

ter c

rack

—

W

0,5

N

ot p

erm

itted

N

ot p

erm

itted

N

ot p

erm

itted

Max

imum

dim

ensi

on o

f a s

ingl

e po

re fo

r —

but

t wel

ds

— fi

llet w

elds

0,5

to 3

d u

0,3

s d u

0,3

a

Not

per

mitt

ed

Not

per

mitt

ed

1.3

2017

Su

rface

por

e

Max

imum

dim

ensi

on o

f a s

ingl

e po

re fo

r —

but

t wel

ds

— fi

llet w

elds

> 3

d u

0,3

s, b

ut m

ax. 3

mm

d u

0,3

a, b

ut m

ax. 3

mm

d u

0,2

s, b

ut m

ax. 2

mm

d u

0,2

a, b

ut m

ax. 2

mm

Not

per

mitt

ed

0,5

to 3

h u

0,2

t N

ot p

erm

itted

N

ot p

erm

itted

1.

4 20

25

End

crat

er p

ipe

> 3

h u

0,2

t, b

ut m

ax. 2

mm

h u

0,1

t, b

ut m

ax. 1

mm

Not

per

mitt

ed

Lack

of f

usio

n (in

com

plet

e fu

sion

) —

N

ot p

erm

itted

N

ot p

erm

itted

N

ot p

erm

itted

1.

5 40

1

Mic

ro la

ck o

f fus

ion

Onl

y de

tect

able

by

mic

ro e

xam

inat

ion

W 0

,5

Perm

itted

Pe

rmitt

ed

Not

per

mitt

ed

1.6

4021

In

com

plet

e ro

ot

pene

tratio

n O

nly

for s

ingl

e si

de b

utt w

elds

W 0

,5

Shor

t im

perfe

ctio

ns:

h u

0,2

t, b

ut m

ax. 2

mm

Not

per

mitt

ed

Not

per

mitt

ed


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ISO 5817:2003(E)


Tabl

e 1

(con

tinue

d)

Lim

its fo

r im

perfe

ctio

ns fo

r qua

lity

leve

ls

No.

IS

O

6520

-1

refe

renc

e

Impe

rfec

tion

desi

gnat

ion

Rem

arks

t

mm

D

C

B

0,5

to 3

Sh

ort i

mpe

rfect

ions

: h u

0,2

t Sh

ort i

mpe

rfect

ions

: h u

0,1

t N

ot p

erm

itted

1.

7 50

11

5012

C

ontin

uous

und

ercu

t In

term

itten

t und

ercu

t Sm

ooth

tran

sitio

n is

requ

ired.

Th

is is

not

rega

rded

as

a sy

stem

atic

im

perfe

ctio

n.

> 3

h u

0,2

t, b

ut m

ax. 1

mm

h u

0,1

t,

but m

ax. 0

,5 m

m

h u

0,0

5 t,

but m

ax. 0

,5 m

m

0,5

to 3

h u

0,2

mm

+ 0

,1 t

Shor

t im

perfe

ctio

ns:

h u

0,1

t N

ot p

erm

itted

1.

8 50

13

Shrin

kage

gro

ove

Smoo

th tr

ansi

tion

is re

quire

d.

> 3

Shor

t im

perfe

ctio

ns:

h u

0,2

t, b

ut m

ax. 2

mm

Shor

t im

perfe

ctio

ns:

h u

0,1

t, b

ut m

ax.1

mm

Shor

t im

perfe

ctio

ns:

h u

0,0

5 t,

but m

ax. 0

,5 m

m

1.9

502

Exce

ss w

eld

met

al

(but

t wel

d)

Smoo

th tr

ansi

tion

is re

quire

d.

W 0

,5

h u

1 m

m +

0,2

5 b,

bu

t max

. 10

mm

h u

1 m

m +

0,1

5 b,

bu

t max

. 7 m

m

h u

1 m

m +

0,1

b,

but m

ax. 5

mm


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ISO 5817:2003(E)


Tabl

e 1

(con

tinue

d)

Lim

its fo

r im

perfe

ctio

ns fo

r qua

lity

leve

ls

No.

IS

O

6520

-1

refe

renc

e

Impe

rfec

tion

desi

gnat

ion

Rem

arks

t

mm

D

C

B

1.10

50

3 Ex

cess

ive

conv

exity

(fi

llet w

eld)

W 0

,5

h u

1 m

m +

0,2

5 b,

bu

t max

. 5 m

m

h u

1 m

m +

0,1

5 b,

bu

t max

. 4 m

m

h u

1 m

m +

0,1

b,

but m

ax. 3

mm

0,5

to 3

h u

1 m

m +

0,6

b

h u

1 m

m +

0,3

b

h u

1 m

m +

0,1

b

1.11

50

4 Ex

cess

pen

etra

tion

> 3

h u

1 m

m +

1,0

b,

but m

ax. 5

mm

h u

1 m

m +

0,6

b,

but m

ax. 4

mm

h u

1 m

m +

0,2

b,

but m

ax. 3

mm


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ISO 5817:2003(E)


Tabl

e 1

(con

tinue

d)

Lim

its fo

r im

perfe

ctio

ns fo

r qua

lity

leve

ls

No.

IS

O

6520

-1

refe

renc

e

Impe

rfec

tion

desi

gnat

ion

Rem

arks

t

mm

D

C

B

1.12

50

5 In

corre

ct w

eld

toe

— b

utt w

elds

W 0

,5

α W

90°

α W

110

° α W

150

°

—

fille

t wel

ds

α 1

W α

α 2 W

α

W 0

,5

α W

90°

α W

110

° α W

110

°

1.13

50

6 O

verla

p

W 0

,5

h u

0,2

b

Not

per

mitt

ed

Not

per

mitt

ed

0,5

to 3

Sh

ort i

mpe

rfect

ions

: h u

0,2

5 t

Shor

t im

perfe

ctio

ns:

h u

0,1

t N

ot p

erm

itted

1.

14

509

511

Sagg

ing

Inco

mpl

etel

y fil

led

groo

ve

Smoo

th tr

ansi

tion

is re

quire

d

> 3

Shor

t im

perfe

ctio

ns:

h u

0,2

5 t

but m

ax. 2

mm

Shor

t im

perfe

ctio

ns:

h u

0,1

t bu

t max

. 1 m

m

Shor

t im

perfe

ctio

ns:

h u

0,0

5 t

but m

ax. 0

,5 m

m

1.15

51

0 Bu

rn th

roug

h —

W

0,5

N

ot p

erm

itted

N

ot p

erm

itted

N

ot p

erm

itted


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ISO 5817:2003(E)


Tabl

e 1

(con

tinue

d)

Lim

its fo

r im

perfe

ctio

ns fo

r qua

lity

leve

ls

No.

IS

O

6520

-1

refe

renc

e

Impe

rfec

tion

desi

gnat

ion

Rem

arks

t

mm

D

C

B

1.16

51

2 Ex

cess

ive

asym

met

ry o

f fille

t w

eld

(exc

essi

ve

uneq

ual l

eg le

ngth

)

In c

ases

whe

re a

sym

met

ric fi

llet w

eld

has

not

been

pre

scrib

ed.

W 0

,5

h u

2 m

m +

0,2

a

h u

2 m

m +

0,1

5 a

h u

1,5

mm

+ 0

,15

a

0,5

to 3

h u

0,2

mm

+ 0

,1 t

Shor

t im

perfe

ctio

ns:

h u

0,1

t N

ot p

erm

itted

1.

17

515

Roo

t con

cavi

ty

Smoo

th tr

ansi

tion

is re

quire

d.

> 3

Shor

t im

perfe

ctio

ns:

h u

0,2

t, b

ut m

ax. 2

mm

Shor

t im

perfe

ctio

ns:

h u

0,1

t, b

ut m

ax. 1

mm

Shor

t im

perfe

ctio

ns:

h u

0,0

5 t,

bu

t max

. 0,5

mm

1.18

51

6 R

oot p

oros

ity

Spon

gy fo

rmat

ion

at th

e ro

ot o

f a w

eld

due

to

bubb

ling

of th

e w

eld

met

al a

t the

mom

ent o

f so

lidifi

catio

n (e

. g. l

ack

of g

as b

acki

ng)

W 0

,5

Loca

lly p

erm

itted

N

ot p

erm

itted

N

ot p

erm

itted


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ISO 5817:2003(E)


Tabl

e 1

(con

tinue

d)

Lim

its fo

r im

perfe

ctio

ns fo

r qua

lity

leve

ls

No.

IS

O

6520

-1

refe

renc

e

Impe

rfec

tion

desi

gnat

ion

Rem

arks

t

mm

D

C

B

1.19

51

7 Po

or re

star

t —

W

0,5

Pe

rmitt

ed.

The

limit

depe

nds

on th

e ty

pe o

f im

perfe

ctio

n oc

curre

d du

e to

rest

art

Not

per

mitt

ed

Not

per

mitt

ed

0,5

to 3

Sh

ort i

mpe

rfect

ions

: h u

0,2

mm

+ 0

,1 a

Sh

ort i

mpe

rfect

ions

: h u

0,2

mm

N

ot p

erm

itted

1.

20

5213

In

suffi

cien

t thr

oat

thic

knes

s N

ot a

pplic

able

to p

roce

sses

with

pro

of o

f gr

eate

r dep

th o

f pen

etra

tion

> 3

Shor

t im

perfe

ctio

ns:

h u

0,3

mm

+ 0

,1 a

, bu

t max

. 2 m

m

Shor

t im

perfe

ctio

ns:

h u

0,3

mm

+ 0

,1 a

, bu

t max

. 1 m

m

Not

per

mitt

ed

1.21

52

14

Exce

ssiv

e th

roat

th

ickn

ess

The

actu

al th

roat

thic

knes

s of

the

fille

t wel

d is

to

o la

rge.

W 0

,5

Unl

imite

d.

h u

1 m

m +

0,2

a,

but m

ax. 4

mm

h u

1 m

m +

0,1

5 a,

bu

t max

. 3 m

m

1.22

60

1 St

ray

arc

—

W 0

,5

Perm

itted

, if t

he

prop

ertie

s of

the

pare

nt

met

al a

re n

ot a

ffect

ed.

Not

per

mitt

ed

Not

per

mitt

ed

1.23

60

2 Sp

atte

r —

W

0,5

Ac

cept

ance

dep

ends

on

appl

icat

ion,

e.g

. mat

eria

l, co

rrosi

on p

rote

ctio

n


--`,`,`,`,`,,`,,```````,``,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

ISO 5817:2003(E)


Tabl

e 1

(con

tinue

d)

Lim

its fo

r im

perfe

ctio

ns fo

r qua

lity

leve

ls

No.

IS

O

6520

-1

refe

renc

e

Impe

rfec

tion

desi

gnat

ion

Rem

arks

t

mm

D

C

B

2 In

tern

al im

perf

ectio

ns

2.1

100

Cra

cks

All t

ypes

of c

rack

exc

ept m

icro

crac

ks a

nd

crat

er c

rack

s W

0,5

N

ot p

erm

itted

N

ot p

erm

itted

N

ot p

erm

itted

2.2

1001

M

icro

crac

ks

A cr

ack

usua

lly o

nly

visi

ble

unde

r the

m

icro

scop

e (5

0 ×)

W

0,5

Pe

rmitt

ed

Acce

ptan

ce d

epen

ds o

n ty

pe o

f par

ent m

etal

w

ith p

artic

ular

refe

renc

e to

cra

ck s

ensi

tivity

The

follo

win

g co

nditi

ons

and

limits

for

impe

rfect

ions

sha

ll be

fulfi

lled.

See

als

o An

nex

A fo

r inf

orm

atio

n.

a1)

Max

imum

dim

ensi

on o

f the

are

a of

the

impe

rfect

ions

(inc

lusi

ve o

f sys

tem

atic

im

perfe

ctio

n) re

late

d to

the

proj

ecte

d ar

ea

NO

TE

The

poro

sity

in th

e pr

ojec

t are

a de

pend

s on

the

num

bers

of l

ayer

s (v

olum

e of

the

wel

d).

W 0

,5

for s

ingl

e la

yer: u

2,5

%

for m

ulti-

laye

r: u

5 %

for s

ingl

e la

yer: u

1,5

%

for m

ulti-

laye

r: u

3 %

for s

ingl

e la

yer: u

1 %

for m

ulti-

laye

r: u

2 %

a2)

Max

imum

dim

ensi

on o

f the

cro

ss s

ectio

n ar

ea o

f the

impe

rfect

ions

(inc

lusi

ve o

f sy

stem

atic

impe

rfect

ion)

rela

ted

to th

e fra

ctur

e ar

ea (o

nly

appl

icab

le to

pro

duct

ion,

wel

der o

r pr

oced

ure

test

s)

W 0

,5

u 2

,5 %

u

1,5

%

u 1

%

2.3

2011

20

12

Gas

por

e U

nifo

rmly

dis

tribu

ted

poro

sity

b)

Max

imum

dim

ensi

on fo

r a s

ingl

e po

re fo

r—

but

t wel

ds

— fi

llet w

elds

W 0

,5

d u

0,4

s, b

ut m

ax. 5

mm

d u

0,4

a, b

ut m

ax. 5

mm

d u

0,3

s, b

ut m

ax. 4

mm

d u

0,3

a, b

ut m

ax. 4

mm

d u

0,2

s,

but m

ax. 3

mm

d u

0,2

a,

but m

ax. 3

mm


--`,`,`,`,`,,`,,```````,``,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

ISO 5817:2003(E)


Tabl

e 1

(con

tinue

d)

Lim

its fo

r im

perfe

ctio

ns fo

r qua

lity

leve

ls

No.

IS

O

6520

-1

refe

renc

e

Impe

rfec

tion

desi

gnat

ion

Rem

arks

t

mm

D

C

B

2.4

2013

C

lust

ered

(loc

aliz

ed)

poro

sity

ca

se 1

(D >

dA2

)

ca

se 2

(D <

dA2

)

Th

e su

m o

f the

diff

eren

t por

e ar

eas

(A1

+ A 2

+ ...

) rel

ated

to th

e ev

alua

tion

area

l p

× w

p (c

ase

1).

Ref

eren

ce le

ngth

for l

p is

100

mm

.

If D

is le

ss th

an d

A1 o

r dA2

, whi

chev

er is

sm

alle

r, an

env

elop

e su

rroun

ding

the

poro

sity

ar

eas

A 1 +

A 2 sh

all b

e co

nsid

ered

as

one

area

of

impe

rfect

ion

(cas

e 2)

.


--`,`,`,`,`,,`,,```````,``,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

ISO 5817:2003(E)


Tabl

e 1

(con

tinue

d)

Lim

its fo

r im

perfe

ctio

ns fo

r qua

lity

leve

ls

No.

IS

O

6520

-1

refe

renc

e

Impe

rfec

tion

desi

gnat

ion

Rem

arks

t

mm

D

C

B

The

follo

win

g di

men

sion

con

ditio

ns a

nd li

mits

fo

r im

perfe

ctio

ns s

hall

be fu

lfille

d. S

ee a

lso

Anne

x A

for i

nfor

mat

ion.

a)

Max

imum

dim

ensi

on o

f the

sum

mat

ion

of

the

proj

ecte

d ar

ea o

f the

impe

rfect

ion

(incl

usiv

e of

sys

tem

atic

impe

rfect

ion)

W 0

,5

u 1

6 %

u

8 %

u

4 %

2.4

2013

C

lust

ered

(loc

aliz

ed)

poro

sity

b)

Max

imum

dim

ensi

on fo

r a s

ingl

e po

re fo

r—

but

t wel

ds

— fi

llet w

elds

W 0

,5

d u

0,4

s, b

ut m

ax. 4

mm

d u

0,4

a, b

ut m

ax. 4

mm

d u

0,3

s, b

ut m

ax. 3

mm

d u

0,3

a, b

ut m

ax. 3

mm

d u

0,2

s,

but m

ax. 2

mm

d u

0,2

a,

but m

ax. 2

mm

2.

5 20

14

Line

ar p

oros

ity

case

1 (D

> d

2)

ca

se 2

(D <

d2)


--`,`,`,`,`,,`,,```````,``,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

ISO 5817:2003(E)


Tabl

e 1

(con

tinue

d)

Lim

its fo

r im

perfe

ctio

ns fo

r qua

lity

leve

ls

No.

IS

O

6520

-1

refe

renc

e

Impe

rfec

tion

desi

gnat

ion

Rem

arks

t

mm

D

C

B

The

sum

of t

he d

iffer

ent p

ore

area

s 2

21

2...

44

dd

×π

×π

++

rela

ted

to th

e

eval

uatio

n ar

ea l p

× w

p (c

ase

1).

If D

is s

mal

ler t

han

the

smal

ler d

iam

eter

of o

ne

of th

e ne

ighb

ourin

g po

res,

the

full

conn

ecte

d ar

ea o

f the

two

pore

s sh

all b

e ap

plie

d to

the

sum

of i

mpe

rfect

ions

(cas

e 2)

.

The

follo

win

g co

nditi

ons

and

limits

for

impe

rfect

ions

sha

ll be

fulfi

lled.

See

als

o An

nex

A fo

r inf

orm

atio

n.

a1)

Max

imum

dim

ensi

on o

f the

are

a of

the

impe

rfect

ions

(inc

lusi

ve o

f sys

tem

atic

im

perfe

ctio

n) re

late

d to

the

proj

ecte

d ar

ea

NO

TE

The

poro

sity

in th

e pr

ojec

t are

a de

pend

s on

the

num

bers

of l

ayer

s (v

olum

e of

the

wel

d).

W 0

,5

for s

ingl

e la

yer: u

8 %

for m

ulti-

laye

r: u

16

%

for s

ingl

e la

yer: u

4 %

for m

ulti-

laye

r: u

8 %

for s

ingl

e la

yer: u

2 %

for m

ulti-

laye

r: u

4 %

a2)

Max

imum

dim

ensi

on o

f the

cro

ss s

ectio

n ar

ea o

f the

impe

rfect

ions

(inc

lusi

ve o

f sy

stem

atic

impe

rfect

ion)

rela

ted

to th

e fra

ctur

e ar

ea (o

nly

appl

icab

le to

pro

duct

ion,

wel

der o

r pr

oced

ure

test

s)

W 0

,5

u 8

%

u 4

%

u 2

%

2.5

2014

Li

near

por

osity

b)

Max

imum

dim

ensi

on fo

r a s

ingl

e po

re fo

r—

but

t wel

ds

— fi

llet w

elds

W 0

,5

d u

0,4

s, b

ut m

ax. 4

mm

d u

0,4

a, b

ut m

ax. 4

mm

d u

0,3

s, b

ut m

ax. 3

mm

d u

0,3

a, b

ut m

ax. 3

mm

d u

0,2

s,

but m

ax. 2

mm

d u

0,2

a,

but m

ax. 2

mm


--`,`,`,`,`,,`,,```````,``,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

ISO 5817:2003(E)


Tabl

e 1

(con

tinue

d)

Lim

its fo

r im

perfe

ctio

ns fo

r qua

lity

leve

ls

No.

IS

O

6520

-1

refe

renc

e

Impe

rfec

tion

desi

gnat

ion

Rem

arks

t

mm

D

C

B

— b

utt w

elds

W

0,5

h u

0,4

s, b

ut m

ax. 4

mm

l u s,

but

max

. 75

mm

h u

0,3

s, b

ut m

ax. 3

mm

l u s,

but

max

. 50

mm

h u

0,2

s,

but m

ax. 2

mm

l u

s, b

ut m

ax. 2

5 m

m

2.6

2015

20

16

Elon

gate

d ca

vity

W

orm

hole

s

— fi

llet w

elds

W

0,5

h u

0,4

a, b

ut m

ax. 4

mm

l u a

, but

max

. 75

mm

h u

0,3

a, b

ut m

ax. 3

mm

l u a

, but

max

. 50

mm

h u

0,2

a,

but m

ax. 2

mm

l u

a, b

ut m

ax. 2

5 m

m

2.7

202

Shrin

kage

cav

ity

—

W 0

,5

Shor

t im

perfe

ctio

ns

perm

itted

, but

not

br

eaki

ng o

f the

sur

face

s —

bu

tt w

elds

: h u

0,4

s,

but m

ax. 4

mm

—

fil

let w

elds

: h u

0,4

a,

but m

ax. 4

mm

Not

per

mitt

ed

Not

per

mitt

ed

2.8

2024

C

rate

r pip

e

Th

e la

rger

val

ue o

f h o

r l w

ill be

mea

sure

d

0,5

to 3

>

3 h/

l u 0

,2 t

h/l u

0,2

t, b

ut m

ax.

2 m

m

Not

per

mitt

ed

Not

per

mitt

ed

— b

utt w

elds

W

0,5

h u

0,4

s, b

ut m

ax. 4

mm

l u s,

but

max

. 75

mm

h u

0,3

s, b

ut m

ax. 3

mm

l u s,

but

max

. 50

mm

h u

0,2

s,

but m

ax. 2

mm

l u

s, b

ut m

ax. 2

5 m

m

2.9

300

301

302

303

Solid

incl

usio

ns

Slag

incl

usio

ns

Flux

incl

usio

ns

Oxi

de in

clus

ions

—

fille

t wel

ds

W 0

,5

h u

0,4

a, b

ut m

ax. 4

mm

l u a

, but

max

. 75

mm

h u

0,3

a, b

ut m

ax. 3

mm

l u a

, but

max

. 50

mm

h u

0,2

a,

but m

ax. 2

mm

l u

a, b

ut m

ax. 2

5 m

m


--`,`,`,`,`,,`,,```````,``,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

ISO 5817:2003(E)


Tabl

e 1

(con

tinue

d)

Lim

its fo

r im

perfe

ctio

ns fo

r qua

lity

leve

ls

No.

IS

O

6520

-1

refe

renc

e

Impe

rfec

tion

desi

gnat

ion

Rem

arks

t

mm

D

C

B

— b

utt w

elds

W

0,5

h u

0,4

s, b

ut m

ax. 4

mm

h u

0,3

s, b

ut m

ax. 3

mm

h u

0,2

s,

but m

ax. 2

mm

2.

10

304

Met

allic

incl

usio

ns

othe

r tha

n co

pper

— fi

llet w

elds

W

0,5

h u

0,4

a, b

ut m

ax. 4

mm

h u

0,3

a, b

ut m

ax. 3

mm

h u

0,2

a,

but m

ax. 2

mm

2.11

30

42

Cop

per i

nclu

sion

s —

W

0,5

N

ot p

erm

itted

N

ot p

erm

itted

N

ot p

erm

itted

401

Lack

of f

usio

n (in

com

plet

e fu

sion

)

4011

La

ck o

f sid

e w

all

fusi

on

4012

La

ck o

f int

er-ru

n fu

sion

2.12

4013

La

ck o

f roo

t fus

ion

W 0

,5

Shor

t im

perfe

ctio

ns

perm

itted

, but

not

br

eaki

ng o

f the

sur

face

s

—

butt

wel

ds:

h u

0,4

s,

but m

ax. 4

mm

—

fille

t wel

ds:

h u

0,4

a,

but m

ax. 4

mm

Not

per

mitt

ed

Not

per

mitt

ed


--`,`,`,`,`,,`,,```````,``,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

ISO 5817:2003(E)


Tabl

e 1

(con

tinue

d)

Lim

its fo

r im

perfe

ctio

ns fo

r qua

lity

leve

ls

No.

IS

O

6520

-1

refe

renc

e

Impe

rfec

tion

desi

gnat

ion

Rem

arks

t

mm

D

C

B

T-

join

t (fil

let w

eld)

> 0,

5 Sh

ort i

mpe

rfect

ion:

h u

0,2

a, b

ut m

ax. 2

mm

Not

per

mitt

ed

Not

per

mitt

ed

T-

join

t (pa

rtial

pen

etra

tion)

Bu

tt jo

int (

parti

al p

enet

ratio

n)

W 0

,5

Shor

t im

perfe

ctio

ns:

— b

utt j

oint

: h u

0,2

s,

but m

ax. 2

mm

—

T-jo

int:

h u

0,2

a,

but m

ax. 2

mm

Shor

t im

perfe

ctio

ns:

— b

utt j

oint

: h u

0,1

s,

but m

ax. 1

,5 m

m

— f

illet j

oint

: h u

0,1

a,

but m

ax. 1

,5 m

m

Not

per

mitt

ed

2.13

40

2 La

ck o

f pen

etra

tion

Bu

tt jo

int (

full

pene

tratio

n)

W 0

,5

Shor

t im

perfe

ctio

n:

h u

0,2

t, b

ut m

ax. 2

mm

Not

per

mitt

ed

Not

per

mitt

ed


--`,`,`,`,`,,`,,```````,``,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

ISO 5817:2003(E)


Tabl

e 1

(con

tinue

d)

Lim

its fo

r im

perfe

ctio

ns fo

r qua

lity

leve

ls

No.

IS

O

6520

-1

refe

renc

e

Impe

rfec

tion

desi

gnat

ion

Rem

arks

t

mm

D

C

B

3 Im

perf

ectio

ns in

join

t geo

met

ry

The

limits

rela

te to

dev

iatio

ns fr

om th

e co

rrect

po

sitio

n. U

nles

s ot

herw

ise

spec

ified

, the

co

rrect

pos

ition

is th

at w

hen

the

cent

relin

es

coin

cide

(see

als

o C

laus

e 1)

. t re

fers

to th

e sm

alle

r thi

ckne

ss. L

inea

r mis

alig

nmen

t with

in

the

give

n lim

its a

re n

ot re

gard

ed a

s sy

stem

atic

im

perfe

ctio

n (a

pplic

able

to F

igur

es A

and

B).

0,5

to 3

h u

0,2

mm

+ 0

,25

t h u

0,2

mm

+ 0

,15

t h u

0,2

mm

+ 0

,1 t

Fi

gure

A: P

late

s an

d lo

ngitu

dina

l wel

ds

> 3

h u

0,2

5 t,

bu

t max

. 5 m

m

h u

0,1

5 t,

bu

t max

. 4 m

m

h u

0,1

t,

but m

ax. 3

mm

3.1

507

Line

ar m

isal

ignm

ent

Fi

gure

B: C

ircum

fere

ntia

l wel

ds

W 0

,5

h u

0,5

t,

but m

ax. 4

mm

h u

0,5

t,

but m

ax. 3

mm

h u

0,5

t,

but m

ax. 2

mm


--`,`,`,`,`,,`,,```````,``,,```-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

ISO 5817:2003(E)


Tabl

e 1

(con

tinue

d)

Lim

its fo

r im

perfe

ctio

ns fo

r qua

lity

leve

ls

No.

IS

O

6520

-1

refe

renc

e

Impe

rfec

tion

desi

gnat

ion

Rem

arks

t

mm

D

C

B

3.2

508

Angu

lar

mis

alig

nmen

t

W 0

,5

β u

4°

β u

2°

β u

1°

0,5

to 3

h u

0,5

mm

+ 0

,1 a

h u

0,3

mm

+ 0

,1 a

h u

0,2

mm

+ 0

,1 a

3.

3 61

7 In

corre

ct ro

ot g

ap

for f

illet w

elds

Th

e lim

itatio

n of

Cla

use

5 as

rega

rds

syst

emat

ic im

perfe

ctio

n do

es n

ot a

pply

.

> 3

h u

1 m

m +

0,3

a,

but m

ax. 4

mm

h u

0,5

mm

+ 0

,2 a

, bu

t max

. 3 m

m

h u

0,5

mm

+ 0

,1 a

, bu

t max

. 2 m

m

4 M

ultip

le im

perf

ectio

ns

0,5

to 3

N

ot p

erm

itted

N

ot p

erm

itted

N

ot p

erm

itted

4.

1 N

one

Mul

tiple

im

perfe

ctio

ns in

any

cr

oss

sect

ion

a

Cro

ss s

ectio

n (m

acro

grap

h) in

the

mos

t unf

avou

rabl

e jo

int r

ange

12

34

5h

hh

hh

h+

++

+=

Σ

> 3

Max

imum

tota

l hei

ght o

f im

perfe

ctio

ns

Σ h u

0,4

t or

u 0

,25

a

Max

imum

tota

l hei

ght o

f im

perfe

ctio

ns

Σ h u

0,3

t or

u 0

,2 a

Max

imum

tota

l hei

ght

of im

perfe

ctio

ns

Σ h u

0,2

t or

u 0

,15

a


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ISO 5817:2003(E)


Tabl

e 1

(con

tinue

d)

Lim

its fo

r im

perfe

ctio

ns fo

r qua

lity

leve

ls

No.

IS

O

6520

-1

refe

renc

e

Impe

rfec

tion

desi

gnat

ion

Rem

arks

t

mm

D

C

B

4.1

1

23

45

hh

hh

hh

++

++

=Σ

4.2

Non

e Pr

ojec

ted

or c

ross

-se

ctio

n ar

ea in

lo

ngitu

dina

l dire

ctio

n

case

1 (D

> l 3)

11

22

33

hl

hl

hl

hl

×+

×+

×=

Σ×


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ISO 5817:2003(E)


Tabl

e 1

(con

tinue

d)

Lim

its fo

r im

perfe

ctio

ns fo

r qua

lity

leve

ls

No.

IS

O

6520

-1

refe

renc

e

Impe

rfec

tion

desi

gnat

ion

Rem

arks

t

mm

D

C

B

4.2

case

2 (D

< l 3)

23

11

22

33

2h

hh

lh

lD

hl

hl

+

×

+×

++

+×

=Σ

×

The

sum

of t

he a

reas

Σ h

× l

shal

l be

calc

ulat

ed a

s a

perc

enta

ge to

the

eval

uatio

n ar

ea l p

× w

p (c

ase

1).

If D

is s

mal

ler t

han

the

shor

ter l

engt

h of

one

of

the

neig

hbou

ring

impe

rfect

ions

, the

full

conn

ectio

n of

the

two

impe

rfect

ions

sha

ll be

ap

plie

d to

the

sum

of i

mpe

rfect

ions

(cas

e 2)

. N

OTE

Se

e al

so A

nnex

A fo

r inf

orm

atio

n.

W 0

,5

Σ h

× l u

16

%

Σ h

× l u

8 %

Σ

h ×

l u 4

%

a Se

e An

nex

B.


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ISO 5817:2003(E)


Annex A (informative)

Examples for determination of percentage imperfections

The following figures give a presentation of different percentages of imperfection. This should assist the assessment of imperfections on radiographs and fracture surfaces.

Figure A.1 — 1 surface percent, 15 pores, d = 1 mm

Figure A.2 — 1,5 surface percent, 23 pores, d = 1 mm



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ISO 5817:2003(E)


Figure A.4 — 2,5 surface percent, 38 pores, d = 1 mm





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ISO 5817:2003(E)





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ISO 5817:2003(E)


Annex B (informative)

Additional information and guidelines for use

of this International Standard

This International Standard specifies requirements for three quality levels for imperfections in welded joints of steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys for fusion welding processes (beam welding excluded) for weld thickness W 0,5 mm. It may be used, where applicable, for other fusion welding processes or weld thicknesses.

Different components are very often produced for different applications, but to similar requirements. The same requirements should, however, apply to identical components produced in different workshops to ensure that work is carried out using the same criteria. The consistent application of this international Standard is one of the fundamental cornerstones of a quality management system for use in the production of welded structures.

The summary of multiple imperfections shows a theoretical possibility of superimposed individual imperfections. In such a case, the total summation of all permitted deviations shall be restricted by the stipulated values for the different imperfections, i.e., the limit value of a single imperfection u h, e.g., for a single pore, shall not be exceeded.

This International Standard may be used in conjunction with a catalogue of realistic illustrations showing the size of the permissible imperfections for the various quality levels, by means of photographs showing the face and root side and/or reproductions of radiographs and of photomacrographs showing the cross-section of the weld. An example of such a catalogue is given with “Reference radiographs for the assessment of weld imperfections in accordance with ISO 5817”, published by International Institute of Welding (IIW) and Deutscher Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren, Düsseldorf. This catalogue may be used with reference cards to assess the various imperfections and may also be used when opinions differ as to the permissible size of imperfections.


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ISO 5817:2003(E)


Bibliography

[1] ISO 13919-1:1996, Welding — Electron and laser-beam welded joints — Guidance on quality levels for imperfections — Part 1: Steel

[2] ISO 17635, Non-destructive examination of welds — General rules for fusion welds in metallic materials


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iso 5817 welding fusion steel joints

Engineering