Islamic universityFaculty of medicine

الرحيم الرحمن الله بسم

اإلسالمية الجامعةالبشري الطب كلية

Dr. Sami Zaqout

Introduction

Descriptive Anatomic Terms

Anatomical Position

assumed to be standing, the feet together, the

arms to the side, and the head and eyes and palms

of the hands facing forwards.

Note: in a normal relaxed position of the body, the thumb points anteriorly. In anatomical parlance, the thumb is a lateral structure, not an anterior one.

FRONTAL or (CORONAL) separates the body into Anterior and Posterior parts

MEDIAN or (MIDSAGITTAL) separates body into Right and Left parts

HORIZONTAL separates the body into Superior and Inferior parts

SAGITTAL or (PARAMEDIAN)any plane parallel to the median plane

Terms of relation or position

Superior:( closer to the head(

Inferior( closer to the feet)

reference point -- horizontal plane

Terms of relation or position

Posterior (dorsal( closer to the posterior surface of the body(

Anterior (ventral( closer to the anterior surface of the body

reference point -- frontal or coronal plane

Terms of relation or position

Medial (lying closer to the midline(

Lateral )lying further away from the midline)

reference point -- sagittal plane

Terms of relation or position

Proximal) closer to the origin of a structure(

Distal (further away from the origin of a structure(

reference point -- the origin of a structure

Terms of relation or position

SuperficialDeepreference point -- surface of body or organ 

Terms of relation or position

Terms of relation or position

Medianreference point -- along the midsagittal or median plane 

Intermediatebetween two other structures 

ExternalInternalrefers to a hollow structure\ external being outside and internal being inside 

Terms of relation or position

SupineProneface or palm up when lying on back, face or palm down when lying on anterior surface of body

Terms of relation or position

Supine

Prone

IpsilateralContralateralSame side of body; opposite side of body

CephaladCaudadtoward the head, toward the tail (feet( 

Terms of relation or position

flexionextensionincreasing angle with frontal plane ;decreasing angle with frontal plane Movement takes place in sagittal plane

Terms of movement

Lateral flexionMovement of the trunk in the lateral position

abductionadductionmoving away from or toward the sagittal plane 

Terms of movement

medial rotationlateral rotationmovement around an axis of a bone 

Terms of movement

pronationsupinationplacing palm backward or forward (in anatomical position( 

Terms of movement

circumductioncombined movements of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction medial and lateral rotation ,circumscribe a cone 

Terms of movement

oppositionbringing tips of fingers and thumb together as in picking something up

Terms of movement

protractionretractionmoving forward or backward along a surface 

protraction

retraction

Terms of movement

InversionEversionMovement of foot so that the sole faces in a medial direction or a lateral direction

Terms of movement

Review Review questionsquestions

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