islam & slavery (urdu version)
TRANSCRIPT
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November 2008
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: ...................................................52 2: ...........................................62 .........................................................62 .............................72
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3: ..................43 ..................................53 ....................................53 ........................................................53 ............................................63 ........................................63 ...........................................63 ........................................63 ..........................73
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4: .................................................93 .............93 ........................................................................93 ............................93 .................................................04
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5: ............................34 : ........................................34 .........................................................34 ..............................................................44
: ........................................44 .............................................................................54 .....................................64
6: ...........................84 ...........................................................84 ............................................................84 .........................................94 ................................................94 ........................................................05 ...................................................................15 ............................................15 ....................................................................25
: .....................35 7: 45 ..........................................65 ........................................................65 .....................................................75 ...................................................95 .......................................................06 ................................................................16 ......................16
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...................................................46 ............................................46 .............................................................................66 ........................................................66 ......................................................86 .............................96 .................................07 .........................................................07 .................................................17
....................17 .........................27 .............................................................27 .......................................37 ..................................37 ..............................................................37 .............................................47
..............................47 ..........................57 ..............67
8: ...............................................08 ..........................28 ........................................38 ........................................................................48 ......................................................48 ....................................58 .......68 ...........................................78 .................................88
..............................98 .........................................98 ..........................09 ..........................................19
................................................19 ............................................19 .......................................................................29 ....................................................39 ...................................................49
..................................................69 ......................................................69 ......................................79 .................................89 .................................................89 5
..................................99 .....................................................001 .................................................................101 .................................................201 .......................................201 .................................301
...............................................301 ....................................401 ...................501 .........................701 .................801 ..................................011
) (Social Status .........................................................................011 .....................................................011 .....................211 .......................................411 ..........................................511 ..........................................511
9: .... 611 ....................................................711 . . .911 ...................................021 ..........................................................................021 .121 .............................421 ..............................................521
01: .......721 ............................721 ..........................821 .....................................821 ...................921 ....031 .........................131 ...........................................231 ..............................................231 ..............................................231 .............................................331 6
11: ............................................531 ..........................531 .................................................531 .............631
........................................731 ............................................831 ...........................................931 ...................................................931 ..........................................141 ........................................241 .....................................641 .........................................941 ....................................................151
................................351 .........................................451 .........................................................................851 .............................................851 .......................161
21: ................................................361 ........361 .....................................................................361 .......................................................................461 .......................................................................461 ...................................................................561 .....................................................................661 ...........................................................761 .......................................................................861 ..............071
..........................171 ................................................271 .......................................................................271 ...........................................................371 ...............................................................371 ..............................................................371 ...................................................................371
.............................571 ....................................................671 ..........................................771 .........................................................871 ..............................................871 .......................................971 7
31: ...........181 : ........................................181 ..................281 ..................................................281 ..........................281 .....................681
: . . 981 41: . 091 )14 (133H / 661 750CE .........091 )331 (656H / 750 1258CE ........................................................................391 ........................................................391 ......................................................791 ) (Eunuchs ................................102 ....................................................402 .................................................402 ..............................................................502
)896 (1341H / 1299 1923CE . .602 .......................................702 .........................902 .....................................................902 .............................212 ................................412 .........................................................512 .............................................512 ...........................................................................612 ..................................................................812 ...........................................................812 ...........................022 ................................................................022 ........................................................................122 .................................................222 ........................................................................322 .......................................................................322 ..........................................................................322 ...........................................................................622 .......................................................................822
......................922 ............................................232 ..................................................................2328
51: ))234...............Intellectual Slavery .............................432 ......................................................................432 .........................042
..................................................................642
61: ...............................................742 ...................................................742 ..................................................942 .............................................................942 ..........................................................052
...............................152 ..................................................152 ...............................................752
.....................................852 ..................................................................162 ..................................................262
: ................662 71: 762 .......................................762 .......................................................862 ........................................................962 .................072 ..................472 ...................................................972 .................................................................082
81: ......................................282 ...............................................382 ..............................................................382 ..............................................................682 ............................................................682 9
...................................................882
.................................882 ...........................982 .............................................................192 ......................................................192 ..............................................................392 .................................................................392 ...................................................................492 ......................................................492 ........................................................892 .......................................................892 ..........................................892
91: ..992 ....................................992 ................................003 .............................................103 ..........................103 .....................203 .........................................................203 ........................................303 ......................................................303 "" ..........................................................403
.............................................403 ................................................................403 .......................................................403 ............................................403 ) (Social Reinforcement .503 ............................................503 ............................................603 .............................................................603 ..................................................................603 ....................................................603 .......................................................703 ............................................................703
...............................703 .................................703 .......................................803 .......................................803 .................................................................903 ................................................................903
.........................013
02: ...........113 .....................................................113 ...................................213 ....................................313
01
313 ........................................713 .................................................................813 ..........................813 .........913 ...............................................023 ..................................................123 ............................123
......................................................223 : ...........................223 ................................423 ..............................623
: .....................................723 12: ...............................723 ...........................................................823 ..................823 ..................................823 ............................033
............................................................133 .133 .......................................................................133 ..........................233 ...............................................................................333 ..............533 ......................043 ....243 ........443 ...............................................843 ...............................................................943 ..............................................153 ...........................................................................253 ......................................................................253
..................................553 ......................553 11
..........................................................553 ...753
22: ....................................063 ......................................063 .....................................................063 .....................................................................063 ...........................................................163 ...........................................263 ............................363
......463 ...............................................................463 563 ..................................663
..... 963 ...........................................073 ............173 ...............273
...................................................373 ..............673 .... 673 .............873
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" " .............................393 ....................................................393 ...............................................................393 ..............................593
...............................693 ....................................................................89321
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31
) (Dimensions 41
) (Objectively ) (Bibliography [email protected]
51
:
61
1: )6971 0571 (BC 0083
: ) ( ) 7291 1 ( http://www.unhchr.ch
71
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: 81
91-02
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32
42
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52
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)6971 0571 (BC http://www.wsu.edu http://eawc.evansville.edu : ) 7, 51-02, 611( ) 7, 51-02, 611, 872-082 (
62
) 7( ) 811( ) 911, 641, 171( ) 921( ) 571( ) 571( ) 991( ) 502( ) ( ) 322( ) 912( ) 622( ) 132( ) 282(
)095 (530BC 72
""
: ) ( ) (perioeci ) ( 0012 000,064 )126 (BC ) ( ) ( )(Muslim Slave System, Chapter I
" ) "(Slavery in Ancient Greek " "
82
: ) ( ) (206BC 220CE http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-24156/slavery
92
)155 (479BC
) ( http://nefertiti.iwebland.com/timelines/topics/slavery.htm : . . ) ( 03
74
) (300BC 100BC ) (350BC 290BC :,A bard am I, my dad's a leech, mammy lays corn upon the stones. (Rig Veda )http://www.hinduwebsite.com ) 3.211.9( (Thus) a Sudra attains the rank of a Brahmana, and (in a similar manner) a Brahmana 13
sinks to the level of a Sudra; but know that it is the same with the offspring of a Kshatriya )56:01 ,or of a Vaisya. (Manu Smriti, Sanskrit Text with English Translation
:" ) ( )2.(Relgions & Abolition of Slavery a comparative approach, p
" " http://www.hindubooks.org/sudheer_birodkar/hindu_history/castejati-varna.html
)326 (543BC )962 (232BC ) (Serfdom : ) (Serfdom ) ( ) ( 23
)3.(Religions & Abolition of Slavery a comparative approach, p
33
3: ) (1393BC 1273BC ) (1025BC 953BC ) (458BC 397BC 43
: " ) "(Gentiles : " ) ( )( " ) 91(
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:For, far from being passive submission to Allahs inscrutable will, Islam gives each individual the chance to contribute actively towards his own salvation. For instance, in the Koran slavery was taken for granted, in accordance with prevailing practice; but freeing ,.of slaves was encouraged as meritorious. Thus, the Koran, in the seventh century A.D does not consider slavery an immutable, God-given state for certain groups of human beings, but an unfortunate accident. It was within the reach of man to ameliorate this )misfortune. (Ilse Lichtenstadter; Islam & the Modern World ) (
) (Religious Persecution : . . )11:09-51( )( 75
:Numerous slaves also announced their adhesion to the new opinions. Abu Bekr exhausted great wealth for an Arab in purchasing slaves who had been persecuted for their admira tion of Mahommed, and from that day to this Islam has been distinguished by its adherence to one high principle. The slave who embraces Islam is free ; not simply a freed man, but a free citizen, the equal of all save the Sultan, competent de facto as well as de )jure to all and every office in the state. (Townsend, Asia vs. Europe ) ( ) (
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:It has hence become a standing rule among his followers always to grant their freedom to such of their slaves as embrace the religion of the prophet. (George Bush A.M., Life of )Mohammed ) (
:The absolute equality of all men. In theory at least, it knows neither high nor low, rich nor poor ; all stand upon the same level. The strong tie of a common brotherhood. Caste disappears at its touch. Early Christianity possessed somewhat of this, yet not to the same degree. "La Ilaha il Allah" and the slave was free. (J. M. Widney; The Genesis of )Evolution of Islam & Judaeo - Christianity ) ( 87
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:The slaves, like other citizens, had their rights, and it is even said that a slave might summon his master before the Qadi for ill usage, and that if he alleged that their tempers 79
were so opposite, that it was impossible for them to agree, the Qadi could oblige his )master to sell him. (T. W. Arnold; Preaching of Islam ) (
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) ( ) 4332( :No matter how rich the grandfather, two generations later his grandchildren usually received modest inheritances. Unable to concentrate their resources, great families did not often gain a hold on important positions. Islamicate society knew no rigid social boundaries but was a constant flux of persons and families; as a result, there was always )room for new blood. Only in religious officialdom, where special skills (not money formed the basis of power, does one find consistent hereditary patterns. Because no hereditary aristocracy dominated military and political offices, they were open to social .climbers--including slaves .Beyond keeping the positions open, this fluidity in social rank cut down on birthrights The daintiness of born aristocrats in Hindu India or feudal Europe derived in large part from their assured superiority. They never allowed their ranks to be filled by persons of slave origins; but in Islamicate society, social fortunes were too transient for a persons ,birth to play too much of a role in his career. (Daniel Pipes, Slavery Soldiers & Islam ) www.danielpipes.com ) ( ) ( ) (